The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)
Knight Commander (KCIE)
Companion (CIE)
The Indian National Congress(pronunciation) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established in on November 20, 1916 in Victoria Memorial Hall in Madras by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahminical representation in government jobs. The Justice Party's foundation marked the culmination of several efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins in Madras and is seen as the start of the Dravidian Movement.
The Madras Presidency, or the Presidency of Fort St. George, and also known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of southern India, including the whole of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Odisha, Kerala, Karnataka and the union territory of Lakshadweep. The city of Madras was the winter capital of the Presidency and Ootacamund or Ooty, the summer capital. The island of Ceylon was a part of Madras Presidency from 1793 to 1798 when it was created a Crown colony. Madras Presidency was neighboured by the Kingdom of Mysore on the northwest, Kingdom of Kochi on the southwest, and the Kingdom of Hyderabad on the north. Some parts of the presidency were also flanked by Bombay Presidency.
The Madras Christian College (MCC) is an arts and sciences college based in Madras (Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India. Consistently ranked among the top ten colleges in India, it is considered to be one of the most prestigious colleges in India. Founded in 1837, MCC is one of Asia's oldest extant colleges. The college is affiliated to the University of Madras but functions as an autonomous institution from its main campus in Tambaram, Chennai.
At a young age, he joined the Indian National Congress and participated in its meetings.[2] He was elected to the Madras Legislative Council in 1904 and served as its member from 1904 to 1910.[1]
Both his sons were also in the Imperial Civil Service(ICS). Elder son P A Menon, was an ambassador for India, in many countries. Second son, P M Menon, too was a Secartary to Government of India. His daughter married Appu Nair who was Secretary to Madras Government and their daughter married P Govindan Nair also an ICS Officer.
Diwan of Travancore
Krishnan Nair was appointed Diwan of Travancore in 1914 and he succeeded Sir P. Rajagopalachari.[3] Krishnan Nair served as Diwan of Travancore from 1914 to 1920.[3]
Justice Party
In 1920, Nair joined the Justice Party and won the 1920[2] and 1923 elections, the latter by allegedly polarizing the communal atmosphere in the Malabar district in the wake of the 1922 Moplah riots.[citation needed]
When the Justice Party joined hands with the Swarajya Party against the Simon Commission, the then Governor of Madras, Lord Goschen appointed Krishnan Nair, then a Justice Party member, as his law member in order to woo the Justice Party.[4][5] As law member, Krishnan Nair expressed support for the devadasi bill passed by Muthulakshmi Reddy.[6]
The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission, was a group of seven British Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain's most important and financially beneficial colony, namely India. However, it was met in India with widespread people's protests with the chant "Simon go back" as it was seen as superficial.
George Joachim Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen was a British politician who served as Member of Parliament for East Grinstead from 1895 to 1906 and as Governor of Madras from 1924 to 1929.
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SachivottamaSir Chetpat Pattabhiraman Ramaswami Iyer, KCSI, KCIE, also called "C. P.", was an Indian lawyer, administrator and politician who served as the Advocate-General of Madras Presidency from 1920 to 1923, Law member of the Executive council of the Governor of Madras from 1923 to 1928, Law member of the Executive Council of the Viceroy of India from 1931 to 1936 and the Diwan of Travancore from 1936 to 1947. Ramaswami Iyer was born in 1879 in Madras city and studied at Wesley College High School and Presidency College, Madras before qualifying as a lawyer from the Madras Law College. He practised as a lawyer in Madras and succeeded S. Srinivasa Iyengar as the Advocate-General of the Madras Presidency. He subsequently served as the Law member of the Governor of Madras and of the Viceroy of India before being appointed Diwan of Travancore in 1936.
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Seshadri Srinivasa Iyengar CIE, also seen as Sreenivasa Iyengar and Srinivasa Ayyangar, was an Indian lawyer, freedom-fighter and politician from the Indian National Congress. Iyengar was the Advocate-General of Madras Presidency from 1916 to 1920. He also served as a member of the bar council from 1912 to 1920, the law member of Madras Presidency from 1916 to 1920 and as the president of the Swarajya Party faction of the Indian National Congress from 1923 to 1930. Srinivasa Iyengar was the son-in-law of renowned lawyer and first Indian Advocate-general of Madras, Sir Vembaukum Bhashyam Aiyangar. Iyengar's followers called him Lion of the South.
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Diwan Bahadur Sir Perungavur Rajagopalachari, KCSI, CIE, also spelt in contemporary records as Sir P. Rajagopala Achariyar, was an Indian administrator. He was the Diwan of Cochin State from December 1896 to August 1901 and of Travancore from 1906 to 1914.
S. Shungrasoobyer (1836–1904), also known as Sankara Subha Iyer, was an Indian administrator who served as the Diwan of Travancore State from 1892 to 1898.
Vembaukum Ramiengar CSI was an Indian civil servant and administrator who served as the Diwan of Travancore from 1880 to 1887.
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Ramunni Menon Palat was an Indian lawyer, landholder and politician from the Madras Presidency, belonging to the Justice Party. He had a BCL degree from the University of Oxford. He was briefly the Minister for Public Health for the presidency, in Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu's interim provisional cabinet during 1 April-14 July 1937. He was a Jenmi (landlord) and represented the Westcoast (Malabar) Landholder's Constituency in the Madras Legislature during 1930-36. He was one of the two members in the Madras Legislative Assembly to oppose the Malabar Temple Entry Act which granted untouchables the right of entry into temples in the Malabar District. He later became a member of the Hindu Mahasabha. He was the son of the Indian National Congress leader C. Sankaran Nair and brother-in-law of the diplomat K. P. S. Menon. His great-grand daughter is the Hindi film actress Divya Palat.
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