Madonna and Child with Saints | |
---|---|
Artist | Agostino Carracci |
Year | 1586 |
Medium | oil on canvas |
Dimensions | 152 cm× 127 cm(60 in× 50 in) |
Location | Galleria nazionale di Parma, Parma |
Madonna and Child with Saints is an oil on canvas painting by Agostino Carracci, from 1585, dated on the lowest step of the Virgin Mary's throne. An example of a sacra conversazione. Long in the Benedictine abbey of San Paolo in Parma, French troops took it to Paris in 1796 and on its return to Italy in 1816 it was moved to the Galleria nazionale di Parma, where it still hangs. [1]
From left to right the four accompanying saints are an unidentified bishop or abbot (some argue for Benedict of Nursia, whilst Quintavalle identified him as Nicholas of Bari [2] ), Margaret of Antioch (with a cross and a dragon), the infant Saint John the Baptist and Cecilia (with her palm of martyrdom, a book and a small organ). The figure kneeling to the Madonna's right was traditionally a painting's commissioner or his or her name-saint. Here that figure is Saint Margaret, showing it was commissioned for the abbey church by Margherita Farnese (she was then its abbess, having joined the Benedictines after Vincenzo Gonzaga had their marriage annulled). She also studied music there with Giulio Cima, so assiduously that she was accused of an affair with him, rumours which the figure of Saint Cecilia in the painting may have been intended to dispel. [3]
The work's colour scheme, luminosity and silks show the influence of contemporary Venetian art, reinterpreted through the naturalistic Parmese lens of painters such as Correggio, with Cecilia's pose also influenced by Parmigianino.
Agostino Carracci was an Italian painter, printmaker, tapestry designer, and art teacher. He was, together with his brother, Annibale Carracci, and cousin, Ludovico Carracci, one of the founders of the Accademia degli Incamminati in Bologna. Intended to devise alternatives to the Mannerist style favored in the preceding decades, this teaching academy helped propel painters of the School of Bologna to prominence.
Antonio Allegri da Correggio, usually known as just Correggio was an Italian Renaissance painter who was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the sixteenth century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Baroque art of the seventeenth century and the Rococo art of the eighteenth century. He is considered a master of chiaroscuro.
Annibale Carracci was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the Baroque style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.
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The Galleria nazionale di Parma is an art gallery in Parma, northern Italy.
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