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The Malkhi (Ancient Greek : Μαχλυη) [lower-alpha 1] were an ancient nation, living in the Western/Central North Caucasus, mentioned in classical sources, primarily by ancient Greco-Syrian writer Lucian and ancient Roman writer Claudius Aelianus.
Malkhi are mentioned by ancient Greco-Syrian writer Lucian and ancient Roman writer Claudius Aelianus. [6] Despite Lucian's work having a literary and narrative nature, it shows what image the people living in Bosporan Kingdom had about the military-political union of the ancient Nakh peoples, which they knew as "Malkhi". As per the tradition, Malkh acted as one of the large state formations of Southeast Europe in the second half of the 1st millennium BC, having connections with Bosporus, as well as competing with it and with the Scythians, the Colchis. [7]
Some historians consider them as Maeotian, [8] while others consider them equivalent to the Durdzuks, an ethnonym mentioned primarily in Georgian sources. [9] Some historians consider that the ethnonym was used to designate Nakh peoples. [10]
Ingush, historically known as Durdzuks, Gligvi and Kists, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Republic of Ingushetia in central Caucasus, but also inhabitanting Prigorodny District and town of Vladikavkaz of modern day North-Ossetia. The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language.
The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen, Ingush and Bats peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical groups.
The Orstkhoy, historically commonly known under their exonyms: Karabulaks, Balsu, Baloy, are a historical ethnoterritorial society among the Chechen and Ingush peoples. Their homeland is in the upper reaches of the Assa and Fortanga rivers in the historical region of Orstkhoy-Mokhk. In the tradition of the Chechen ethno-hierarchy, it is considered one of the nine historical Chechen tukkhums, in the Ingush tradition as one of the seven historical Ingush shahars.
The Mamilovs are an Ingush tribal organization/clan (teip). The clan comprises about 1,500 people. It is one of a few Ingush clans whose members share one name.
Ruslan Izrailovich Mamilov was the first Ingush sculptor. In 1990, he was awarded the title of the "Honored Artist of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR". He was considered one of the most talented Ingush artists of his time.
Simsim was either a historical region or kingdom in the North Caucasus during the Middle Ages, existing in the 14th century. Predominantly localized roughly in eastern Chechnya (Ichkeria), with some also connecting part of Kumyk Plain. Simsim is also localized in both Chechnya and Ingushetia. Its name may have been derived from the Chechen village of Simsir. However, according to folklore, the King Gayur-khan was chosen as the leader of all Chechens by the Mehk-Khel. In its later years it allied itself with the Golden Horde before being destroyed in 1395 by Timurlane, which was recorded in Zafarnama by Nizam al-Din Shami and the Zafarnama by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi.
The Act of oath of six Ingush clans to Russia was a treaty between ten representatives of six major Ingush clans (teips) and the Russian Empire. It was signed on August 22, 1810 in the city of Vladikavkaz. Due to this oath, the Ingush were given the right to settle the land along the right bank of the Terek up to the ridge.
Gligvi is a medieval ethnonym used in Georgian, Russian and Western European sources in the 16th-19th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush, Ghalghaï.
Fappi or Fappi mokhk, exonym: Kistetia, is a historical region in Ingushetia. Fappi is the territory of historical settlement of the Fyappiy society.
Galashians, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, which formed in the middle of the 18th century. The name comes from the village of Galashki, which is geographically located in the very center of the society. Galashians were located in the middle and lower reaches of the river Assa and the basin of the river Fortanga.
Ingush societies or shahars were ethnoterritorial associations of the Ingush based on the geographical association of several villages and intended for conditional administrative-territorial delimitation of the Ingush ethnic group. The formation and functioning of most of them dates back to the late Middle Ages. During this period, their boundaries, number and names changed.
Ghalghai is the self-name (endonym) of the Ingush people.
The Dzherakh, also spelled Jerakh, historically also known as Erokhan people, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, today a tribal organization/clan (teip), that was formed in the Dzheyrakhin gorge, as well as in the area of the lower reaches of the Armkhi River and the upper reaches of the Terek River.
Loamaro — the name of the inhabitants of the mountains in Chechnya and Ingushetia. Loamaro consists of loam (mountain) and the suffix -(a)ro. The ethnonym is literally translated from the Ingush and Chechen language as "mountaineer".
Torshkhoy, also known in Ingush folklore as Them-Thoarshkhoy, is an Ingush clan (teip) which belongs to the Fyappin society. The ancestral auls of Torshkhoy are Tyarsh and Falkhan. A small number of representatives of the teip live in Aukh, where they are known under the name Vyappiy.
Ethnonyms of the Ingush are names of Ingush people, including self-names (endonyms) and names used by other ethnic groups to refer to the Ingush (exonyms) throughout the existence of Ingush people from Middle Ages to the modern day.
Tsorins, Tsori, also Ghalghaï, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society that was located in mountainous Ingushetia in the region of river Guloykhi. The center of the society was Tsori from which it got its name. Tsorin society, like the Khamkhin society, was formed from the former "Galgaï society" as a result of the transfer (appearance) of rural government to the village Tsori.
Ekazhevo is a rural locality in Nazranovsky District of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. It forms the municipality of the rural settlement of Ekazhevo as the only settlement in its composition.
Metskhal is an abandoned aul in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement of Lyazhgi.
Adermakhus, also known as Adirmakh or Adermalkh, was an ancient Caucasian chief of the Mahlians. His only mention is in the work of the ancient Greco-Syrian writer Lucian of Samosta, "Toxaris", also known as Friendship. According to the story, Adermakhus married the daughter of the Bosporan king Leukanor, Mazaeya, which enraged the Scythian ambassador and tax collector Arsakomas, who successfully orders the assassination of Leukanor and the kidnapping of Mazaeya. Following this, Adermakhus gathers an army and invades Scythia, but is later killed in battle by Arsakomas himself. However, it is important to note that the novel by Lucian is fiction and not based on historical records.
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