Manav Vikas Mission

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Manav Vikas Mission (मानव विकास मिशन) (translation: Human Development Mission) is an initiative of the Government of Maharashtra to increase Human Development Index of backward districts of Maharashtra, India. The programme was launched in 2006. Currently 125 tehsils/blocks from 22 districts come under this mission. The initiative focuses mainly on the health, income generation and education of populations in rural areas. Village students do not usually have appropriate facilities to study in the villages; the initiative provides free study rooms for village students. After observing that village girls abandon their educations midway because of the lengthy distance between high schools and villages, the state government also started providing free bus services to transport village girls from their native villages to high schools. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Government of Maharashtra

The Government of Maharashtra is the government for the state of Maharashtra in Western India. It is an elected government with 288 MLAs elected to the legislative assembly for a five-year term. Maharashtra has a bicameral legislature i.e. it consists of two houses: Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad. As is the case in a parliamentary system, the government is formed by the party, alliance or group of assembly members who command the majority, in the lower house. The leader of the majority in lower house becomes the Chief Minister and selects the cabinet members, from either lower (or) upper house. If one becomes CM or minister without being an MLA or MLC, he/she must become either of one within next 6 months. From the formation of the state in 1960, the Congress party or Congress-led alliance have ruled the state for the major part. Non-Congress government was first formed in 1978, then in 1995 with Shivsena-BJP alliance, and most recently in 2014 with a BJP-led alliance.

Human Development Index composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics, and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.

Maharashtra State in western India

Maharashtra is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan plateau. It is the second-most populous state and third-largest state by area in India. Spread over 307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi), it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana and Chhattisgarh to the east, Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the north west, and Madhya Pradesh to the north. It is also the world's second-most populous subnational entity. It was formed by merging the western and south-western parts of the Bombay State, Berar and Vidarbha, and the north-western parts of the Hyderabad State and splitting Saurashtra by the States Reorganisation Act. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population around 18 million making it the most populous urban area in India. Nagpur hosts the winter session of the state legislature. Pune is known as 'Oxford of the East' due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions.

Contents

Organisation and selection

The mission was established in 2006 in 25 talukas ("blocks") of 12 districts. In the 2010 budget it was decided to implement this mission at block level rather than at district level. In 2011, the number of blocks was further increased to 125 from 22 districts, based upon the 2001 census. Blocks were selected on the basis of two parameters; the percentage of female literacy in the block and the percentage of families living below the poverty line in the block on the basis of a 2002 survey. 125 blocks were selected from a tentative list of 175 blocks. [6]

Aspects

Health

The health aspect mainly focuses on mother and child health (MCH). It also has provisions for maintenance work on government hospital buildings in villages. [4] Pregnant women are motivated to deliver their babies in hospitals rather than in their homes. Rural women usually work on farms until the ninth month of their pregnancies; in this scheme government provides ₹4,000 (US$61) to women who deliver in hospital as "lost wages"—the income that a woman loses because of her stay in hospital during pregnancy. [7]

Education

The educational aspect includes the creation of study centres for village students, free bus services for girls, installing solar-powered lighting in village schools and providing books. The scheme also provides for the creation of Balbhavan at the block level. [4] [ clarification needed ] Study rooms are made available mainly for students from 8th standard to 12th standard. Students whose educational standards are low are especially invited to the centres and more focus is given to them by teachers. [3]

Income generation

Under the scheme, modern agriculture instruments are made available to farmers. [4]

Effects

According to analysts, free bus services for village girls have been effective in reducing dropout rates of female students. Provision of the "lost wages" has increased the rate of hospital deliveries, which have reduced the local maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. [2] [8] However, many study centres exists only "on paper" because of bureaucracy. Officials of the education department also seem to ignore the inspection of such study centres. The state government has reduced the scheme's budget in 2015. [3] The Human Development Index (HDI) has not improved much from 2001 to 2011. There is also only a slight improvement in per capita incomes. [9]

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References

  1. ↑ "Free bus service for rural girl students | Sakal Times". Sakaal . Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  2. 1 2 "244 Buses for Girls Student in Maharashtra". divyamarathi.bhaskar.com. 2014-05-09. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  3. 1 2 3 "मानव विकास मिशनच्या अभ्यासिकेचा उजेड पडेना" (in Marathi). Sakal. 2015-10-22. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "गतवर्षीच्या तुलनेत यंदा अत्यल्प निधी" (in Marathi). Sakal. 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  5. ↑ "Manav Vikas Mission issue in Hingoli". divyamarathi.bhaskar.com. 2011-06-01. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  6. ↑ "तात्पुरत्या तालुक्यांतच अडकले "मानव विकास" चे "मिशन"" (in Marathi). Sakal. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  7. ↑ "'मानव विकास' शिबिरांना ब्रेक" (in Marathi). Maharashtra Times. 2015-07-10. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  8. ↑ "'मानव विकास मिशन'च्या बस सुरू" (in Marathi). Sakal. 2014-06-18. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
  9. ↑ महाराष्ट्र (2014-06-05). "'मानव विकास'मध्ये उस्मानाबाद, लातूरचा समावेश शक्य" (in Marathi). Loksatta . Retrieved 2015-11-26.
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