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The Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (LegCo) is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong. It sits under China's "one country, two systems" constitutional arrangement, and is the power centre of Hong Kong's hybrid representative democracy, though popular representation in the legislature has diminished significantly in recent years, along with its political diversity.
In the political systems of Hong Kong, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group involved in the electoral process. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations.
Elections in Hong Kong take place when certain political offices in the government need to be filled. Hong Kong has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong is nonpartisan but has to work with several parties to form a coalition government.
Legislative elections are held in Hong Kong every four years Legislative Council (LegCo) in accordance with Article 69 of the Basic Law. Legislative elections are held either at the expiry of a four-year term or when the Chief Executive dissolves the legislature and calls a new election.
The 1998 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 24 May 1998 for members of the 1st Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) in 1997. Replacing the Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) strictly controlled by the Beijing government and boycotted by the pro-democracy camp, the elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 10 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 10 were uncontested.
The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the first, and only, fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected by all District Board members.
The District Council (Second) functional constituency was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong which was created in the 2012 constitutional reform package. It was the largest functional constituency consisted of registered voters who were not eligible for voting in the other functional constituencies.
The Legal functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was the one of the first 12 original functional constituency seats created for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985.
The Heung Yee Kuk functional constituency, formerly called the Rural functional constituency, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991. The constituency is composed of the chairman and vice chairmen of the Heung Yee Kuk and the ex officio, special and co-opted councillors of the full Council of the Kuk. One of the functional constituencies with the fewest electorates, it had only 155 registered voters in 2020. It corresponds to the Heung Yee Kuk Subsector in the Election Committee.
The Medical functional constituency was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created as one of the 12 functional constituency seats created for the 1985 Legislative Council election. It corresponds to the Medical Subsector in the Election Committee. Electors include all medical participators and dentists. It was combined with Health Services into Medical and Health Services functional constituency in the major electoral overhaul in 2021.
The Social Welfare functional constituency, formerly called Social Services, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The constituency was first created as one of the original 12 functional constituency seats for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985.
The Labour functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was one of the 12 functional constituency seats created for the 1985 Legislative Council election. It corresponds to the Labour Subsector in the Election Committee. The constituency is composed of 697 bodies that are trade unions of which all the voting members are employees.
The Finance functional constituency, formerly called the Financial functional constituency, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. It was one of the 12 original functional constituency seats created for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 and was divided into Finance and Financial Services in 1991. It has the fewest electorates among all constituencies, composing of 114 banks and deposit-taking companies as corporate electors.
The Engineering functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991, derived from the Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning functional constituency. The constituency is composed of professional engineers and the members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. As of 2021, it was composed of 10,772 registered voters.
The Accountancy functional constituency is a functional constituency seat in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created for the 1988 Legislative Council election, derived from the Financial functional constituency. In 2020, the constituency was composed of some 25,000 certified public accountants (CPAs) as compared to 222,000 citizens on average for the geographical constituencies.
The Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first created in 1985 as Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 as one of the original 12 functional constituency seats. The constituency was divided into Engineering and Architectural, Surveying and Planning in 1991. In the 2016 election, the constituency was changed to its current name when the landscape architects were added to the electorates.
The Industrial (Second) functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. It was one of the 12 original functional constituency seats created for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 and is corresponding to the Industrial (Second) Subsector in the Election Committee. The constituency is composed of corporate members of the Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong that are entitled to vote at general meetings of the Association. In 2021, there were 592 corporate electors in the constituency.
The Textiles and Garment functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, first created in 1995 as one of the nine new functional constituencies under the electoral reform, carried out by the then Governor Chris Patten in which the electorate consisted of total 60,568 eligible voters related to the textile and garment industry. It was abolished by the colonial Legislative Council and dissolved after the transfer of the sovereignty in 1997.
The Wholesale and Retail functional constituency is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1995 as one of the nine new functional constituencies under the electoral reform carried out by the then Governor Chris Patten, in which the electorate consisted of total 101,988 eligible voters worked related to the wholesale and retail industry.
References
- 1 2 Li, Pang-kwong. "香港選舉資料庫". 嶺南大學公共管治研究部. Archived from the original on 6 November 2003. Retrieved 24 March 2013.