1995 Hong Kong legislative election

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1995 Hong Kong legislative election
Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg
  1991 17 September 1995 1996 (Provisional)  

All 60 seats to the Legislative Council
31 seats needed for a majority
Registered2,572,124 (GC)Increase2.svg34.18%
Turnout920,567 (35.80%) Decrease2.svg3.35pp
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Martin Lee 2014 cut.jpg Allen Lee at 71demo 2008.jpg Tsang Yok-sing.jpg
Leader Martin Lee Allen Lee Tsang Yok-sing
Party Democratic Liberal DAB
Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing
Leader's seat Hong Kong Island East New Territories Northeast Kowloon Central
(defeated)
Last election16 seats, 52.35%New partyNew party
Seats won19106
Seat changeIncrease2.svg4Decrease2.svg5Increase2.svg5
Popular vote385,42815,126142,801
Percentage42.26%1.64%15.66%

 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
  Frederick Fung at Alliance for True Democracy.jpg
Leader Frederick Fung Ambrose Lau Hu Fa-kuang
Party ADPL HKPA LDF
Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing
Leader's seat Kowloon West Election Committee Did not stand
Last election1 seat, 4.44%New party3 seats, 5.16%
Seats won411
Seat changeIncrease2.svg3Increase2.svg1Steady2.svg
Popular vote87,07225,96411,572
Percentage9.55%2.85%1.27%
SwingIncrease2.svg5.11pp N/ADecrease2.svg3.99pp

LegCoElection1995.svg
Elected candidates by each constituency

Party control before election

Liberals

Party control after election

Pro-democracy camp

The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the first, and only, fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected by all District Board members.

Contents

In consequence of Governor Chris Patten's constitutional reforms, which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government, the nine newly created functional constituencies enfranchised around 2.7 million new voters. As the tensions between Britain and China went on, Hong Kong became rapidly politicised. Party politics was getting in shape as the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the pro-business Liberal Party, the pro-democracy Democratic Party and the middle-class and professional oriented Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) were set up and filled their candidates in the election.

The pro-democracy forces won another landslide victory after the 1991 Legislative Council elections, sweeping 16 of the 20 directly elected seats in which the Democratic Party alone took 12 directly elected seats. The Democrats returned to the legislature with a total number of 19 seats, far ahead of the Liberal Party's 10, the DAB 6 and the pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood's (ADPL) 4 seats. ADPL young candidate Bruce Liu also defeated DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing in Kowloon Central, along with many other DAB main candidates being defeated by pro-democrats.

The pro-democrats controlled about half of the seats in the legislature and supported moderate Andrew Wong to become President of the Legislative Council. Since Beijing overthrew the promise of "through train" which guaranteed the legislature could travel through 1997 as the reaction to Chris Patten's reform, the legislature lasted for only 21 months and was replaced by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council after the handover of Hong Kong, becoming the only pro-democracy legislature in history.

Background

The electoral bases were largely expanded under the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform carried out by the last colonial governor Chris Patten as the last step of democratisation as following: [1]

New nine functional constituencies with much larger eligible electorates was created to broaden the franchise to 2.7 million new voters:

  1. Primary Production, Power and Construction
  2. Textiles and Garment
  3. Manufacturing
  4. Import and Export
  5. Wholesale and Retail
  6. Hotels and Catering
  7. Transport and Communication
  8. Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
  9. Community, Social and Personal Services

Overview

Election campaigning by Liberal Party volunteers Liberal Party Election campaigning in 1995.jpg
Election campaigning by Liberal Party volunteers

The United Democrats of Hong Kong and the Meeting Point, the two major pro-democracy forces had merged into the Democratic Party in 1994, while the pro-business legislators had formed the Liberal Party in 1993 and the pro-Chinese government politicians established the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), today's largest political party.

Solicitor Ambrose Lau, in the direction of the New China News Agency founded the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance which consisted of mostly pro-business factor of the CCP's united front. Other grassroots leaders were also encouraged by the CCP to stand in the election against the pro-democracy camp.

Succeeding the last election in 1991, Democratic Party, together with other smaller parties, groups and independents in the pro-democracy camp, had another landslide victory again, getting 16 of the 20 geographical constituency seats. Allen Lee, the Chairman of the Liberal Party and the Appointed Member in the LegCo got elected in the geographical constituency direct election. The Chairman of the DAB, Tsang Yok-sing however got defeated by Bruce Liu of pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood in Kowloon Central.

The Government of the People's Republic of China overthrew the promise of the "through train" (letting the members elected in the 1995 election travel safely through 1997 and beyond) and set up the Provisional Legislative Council in 1996, after the proposal package of electoral changes for the 1995 Legislative Council elections that was deemed unconstitutional by the PRC was passed in the Legislative Council.

General outcome

Overall Summary of the 7 September 1995 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election results
Political AffiliationGeographical
constituencies
Functional
constituencies
Election
Committee
seats
Total
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Democratic Party 385,42842.261262,90714.475219
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood 87,0729.552114
Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions 42,5659.7911
United Ants 18,5512.0300
Democratic Labour Alliance33,5967.7300
Independent and others66,4647.29260,60213.94305
Total for pro-democracy camp557,51561.1316199,67045.9310329
Liberal Party 15,2161.67174,35517.109010
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong 142,80115.66242,7679.84226
Hong Kong Progressive Alliance 25,9642.85011
Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong 11,5721.2704,9861.15011
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions 21,8365.0211
New Hong Kong Alliance 11
Independent and others90,4959.92064,49914.84415
Total for pro-Beijing parties286,04831.373208,44341.3416524
Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions 5330.1211
123 Democratic Alliance 11
Civil Force 27,8413.05000
Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates 3,9790.4400
Pioneer2,5940.2800
Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council 2620.0600
Non-affiliated Independent and others33,9743.73125,7985.93315
Total (turnout 35.80%)911,951100.0020434,706100.00301060

Vote summary

Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in party colours. Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring). 1995ringchartparty.png
Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in party colours. Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring).
Popular vote
Democratic
42.26%
DAB
15.66%
ADPL
9.55%
Civil Force
3.05%
PA
2.85%
United Ants
2.03%
Liberal
1.64%
LDF
1.27%
ACE
0.44%
Pioneer
0.28%
Independents
22.95%

Seat summary

Seats
Democratic
31.67%
Liberal
16.67%
DAB
10.00%
ADPL
6.67%
PA
1.67%
LDF
1.67%
CTU
1.67%
FTU
1.67%
FLU
1.67%
NHKA
1.67%
Independents
25.00%

Result breakdown

Geographical Constituencies

ConstituencyCandidatesAffiliationVotes %
LC1 Hong Kong Island Central 1 Peggy Lam Pei Independent 14,43734.67
2 Christine Loh Kung-wai Independent 27,19965.33
LC2 Hong Kong Island East 1 Choy So-yuk HKPA 14,11927.37
2 Martin Lee Chu-ming Democratic 37,45972.28
LC3 Hong Kong Island South 1 Cheng Kai-nam DAB 29,91047.64
2 Yeung Sum Democratic 32,87552.36
LC4 Hong Kong Island West 1 Huang Chen-ya Democratic 31,15666.32
2 Guy Lam Kwok-hung ACE 3,9798.47
3 Lam Kin-lai HKPA 11,84525.21
LC5 Kowloon Central 1 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing DAB 16,69142.94
2 Liu Sing-lee ADPL 22,18357.06
LC6 Kowloon North-east 1 Mak Hoi-wah Democratic 23,20147.23
2 Chan Yuen-han DAB/FTU 25,92252.77
LC7 Kowloon East 1 Elsie Tu Independent 23,85544.60
2 Szeto Wah Democratic 29,62755.40
LC8 Kowloon South-east 1 Tam Yiu-chung DAB/FTU 29,00949.05
2 Li Wah-ming Democratic 30,13350.95
LC9 Kowloon South 1 Lau Chin-shek Democratic/CTU 26,82769.86
2 Wong Siu-yee LDF 11,57230.14
LC10 Kowloon South-west 1 Helen Chung Yee-fong Independent 1,4825.53
2 James To Kun-sun Democratic 17,73166.17
3 Kingsley Sit Ho-yin Independent 2,6569.91
4 Daniel Wong Kwok-tung ADPL 4,92918.39
LC11 Kowloon West 1 Wong Yin-ping Independent 1,7784.13
2 Frederick Fung Kin-kee ADPL 28,99667.37
3 Fu Shu-wan Independent 12,26428.50
LC12 New Territories Central 1 Albert Chan Wai-yip Democratic 25,30374.79
2 Ng Wai-kwong Independent 4,09712.11
3 Tam Tai-on Independent 4,43313.10
LC13 New Territories North-west 1 Zachary Wong Wai-yin Democratic 21,52750.07
2 Tang Siu-tong Independent 21,47049.93
LC14 New Territories North 1 Cheung Hon-chung DAB 17,02650.07
2 Wong Sing-chi Democratic 16,97849.93
LC15 New Territories North-east 1 Allen Lee Peng-fei Liberal 15,21634.82
2 Law Yuk-kai United Ants 4,72310.81
3 Cheung Hok-ming DAB 12,25628.04
4 Cheung Wing-fai Democratic 11,50726.33
LC16 New Territories South-east 1 Andrew Wong Wang-fat Independent 23,66647.83
2 William Wan Hon-cheung DAB 11,98724.23
3 Harold Ko Ping-chung United Ants 13,82827.95
LC17 New Territories East 1 Lau Kong-wah Civil Force 27,84141.49
2 Emily Lau Wai-hing Independent 39,26558.51
LC18 New Territories South 1 Hui Chiu-fai Independent 8,17922.21
2 Sin Chung-kai Democratic 26,04870.74
3 Lam Chi-leungPioneer2,5947.05
LC19 New Territories South-west 1 Lee Wing-tat Democratic 29,80165.35
2 Ting Yin-wah ADPL 15,79834.65
LC20 New Territories West 1 Chan Wan-sang Independent (NTWRA)6,15213.21
2 Ho Chun-yan Democratic 25,25554.23
3 Yim Tin-sang ADPL 15,16632.56

Functional Constituencies

ConstituencyCandidatesAffiliationVotes %
A Primary Production,
Power and Construction
11 Tsang Kin-shing Democratic 11,59240.93
12 Ho Sai-chu Independent 5,36618.95
13 Poon To-chuen DAB 7,49326.46
14 Tong Yat-chu Independent (NHKA)3,87113.67
B Textiles and Garments 21 Cheng Ming-kit LDF 2,63812.45
22 Leung Yiu-chung Independent (NWSC)10,47249.44
23 Ng Ching-man Independent (KCO)2,95713.96
24 Chan Kwok-keung Independent (FTU)5,11624.15
C Manufacturing 31 Chan Ming-yiu Independent 4,93111.21
32 Lee Cheuk-yan CTU/DLA 30,51069.38
33 Leung Fu-wah FTU 8,53519.41
D Import and Export 41 Henry Tang Ying-yen Liberal 24,99761.67
42 Kwan Lim-ho Independent (PAS)15,53938.33
E Wholesale and Retail 51 Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee Liberal 23,35768.05
52 Wong Kwok-hing DAB 10,96531.95
F Hotels and Catering 61 Chiang Sai-cheong Independent (KCO)5,17628.48
62 Li Hon-shing Independent 3,39318.67
63 Chan Wing-chan DAB 5,61430.89
64 Tommy Cheung Yu-yan Liberal 3,99121.96
G Transport and Communication 71 Cheng Kai-ming Independent 2,3245.37
72 Miriam Lau Kin-yee Liberal 14,23332.89
73 Ip Kwok-fun CTU 12,05527.86
74 Cheuk Siu-yee FTU 12,61729.16
75 Cheung Pak-chi Independent 2,0424.72
H Financing, Insurance, Real
Estate and Business Services
81 Ng Kam-chun LDF 2,3483.63
82 Andrew Cheng Kar-foo Democratic 25,65839.68
83 Chan Yuk-cheung Independent 10,51416.26
84 Chan Yim-kwong Liberal 5,7718.92
85 Tony Chan Tung-ngok Independent 1,6992.63
86 Fung Chi-kin DAB 18,67428.88
I Community, Social and
Personal Services
91 Elizabeth Wong Chien Chi-lien Independent 40,64941.75
92 Kwok Yuen-hon Independent 14,45214.84
93 Brian Kan Ping-chee Independent 6,2906.46
94 Michael Siu Yin-ying DLA 33,59634.50
95 Fan Kwok-wah Independent 2,3862.45
J Commercial (First) 201 Paul Cheng Ming-fun Independent Uncontested
K Commercial (Second) 211 Philip Wong Yu-hong NHKA Uncontested
L Industrial (First) 221 James Tien Pei-chun Liberal Uncontested
M Industrial (Second) 231 Ngai Shiu-kit Liberal Uncontested
N Finance 241 David Li Kwok-po Independent Uncontested
O Labour (2 seats)251 Lee Kai-ming FLU 53333.56
252 Cheng Yiu-tong FTU 68443.07
253 John Luk Woon-cheung Independent 1096.86
254 Lee Kwok-keung TUC 26216.50
P Social Welfare 261 Law Chi-kwong Democratic 1,11564.08
262 Chow Wing-sun Independent 62535.92
Q Tourism 271 Hau Suk-kei Independent 17529.76
272 Howard Young Liberal 41370.24
R Real Estate and Construction 281 Ronald Joseph Arculli Liberal Uncontested
S Financial Services 291 Chen Po-sum Independent 24340.10
292 Chim Pui-chung Independent 36359.90
T Medical 301 Cecilia Young Yau-yau Independent 1355.39
302 Edward Leong Che-hung Independent 2,37194.61
U Education 311 Leung Siu-tong Independent 4,49618.69
312 Cheung Man-kwong Democratic 19,55881.31
V Legal 321 Margaret Ng Independent 72354.52
322 Alfred Donald Yap Independent 44433.48
323 Li Wai-ip Independent 15911.99
W Engineering 331 Samuel Wong Ping-wai Independent 1,38262.70
332 Raymond Ho Chung-tai Independent 82237.30
X Health Services 341 Alice Pong Tso Shing-yuk Liberal 1,11618.34
342 Michael Ho Mun-ka Democratic 4,96881.66
Y Accountancy 351 Edward Chow Kwong-fai Liberal 47722.17
352 Eric Li Ka-cheung Independent 1,37663.94
353 Peter Chan Po-fun Independent 29913.89
Z Architectural, Surveying and
Planning
361 Edward Ho Sing-tin Liberal Uncontested
Urban Council 1 Mok Ying-fan ADPL Uncontested
Regional Council 1 Alan Tam King-wah Democratic 1643.24
2 Ngan Kam-chuen DAB 2156.16
Rural 1 Lau Wong-fat Independent (Liberal)Uncontested

Election Committee Constituency

CandidatesAffiliationValue of votes
1 Yeung Fuk-kwong Independent (UFSP)0
2 Lee York-fai Independent 0
3 Fung Kwong-chung Independent 0
4 Lo Suk-ching Independent 26
5 Choy Kan-pui Independent (CF)26
6 Cheung Bing-leung Democratic 26
7 Lau Hon-chuen HKPA 26
8 Chan Kam-lam DAB 26
9 Leung Kwong-cheong ADPL 0
10 Law Cheung-kwok ADPL 26
11 Ip Kwok-him DAB 26
12 John Tse Wing-ling Democratic 26
13 David Chu Yu-lin LDF 26
14 Yuen Bun-keung Democratic 0
15 Mark Lin Liberal 0
16 Louis Leung Wing-on Independent 0
17 Yum Sin-ling 123DA 26
18 Paul Chan Sing-kong Independent 0

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References

  1. Loh, Christine (2010). Underground front. Hong Kong University Press. p. 181. ISBN   9789622099968.
  2. Report on the 1995 Legislative Council General Election. 1995. p. 34.