This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
Yeung Sum | |
---|---|
楊森 | |
Member of the Legislative Council | |
In office 1 October 1998 –30 September 2008 | |
Succeeded by | Kam Nai-wai |
In office 1 October 1991 –30 June 1997 | |
Chairman of Democratic Party | |
In office 2 December 2002 –12 December 2004 | |
Preceded by | Martin Lee |
Succeeded by | Lee Wing-tat |
Personal details | |
Born | Guangzhou,Guangdong,China | 22 November 1947
Political party | Meeting Point (1983–94) United Democrats (1990–94) Democratic (1994–present) |
Alma mater | University of Hong Kong University of York |
Yeung Sum | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 楊森 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 杨森 | ||||||||||||
|
Yeung Sum (Chinese :楊森;born 22 November 1947 in Guangzhou) is a Hong Kong politician and academic. He served several terms as a Legislative Councillor and was the second chairman of the Democratic Party (DP),a pro-democracy political party in Hong Kong. He is a lecturer at the University of Hong Kong.
Yeung Sum obtained his undergraduate degree at the University of Hong Kong. He was a residential member in St. John's College and became the president of its student association from 1972–1973. He gained his master's degree at the University of York in Britain before returning to earn his doctorate from the University of Hong Kong. Yeung Sum has taught at the University of Hong Kong since 1979 and has been a lecturer in the Department of Social Work and Social Administration since 1985.
When the issue of Hong Kong sovereignty after 1997 came up in 1983,Yeung and some graduates from the University of Hong Kong founded Meeting Point,the first political organisation supporting Hong Kong's return to Chinese sovereignty. During the drafting of the Hong Kong Basic Law,he pushed for a democratic model for Hong Kong after 1997. He was the second chairman of the group from 1988 to 1989. He also formed the Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government with liberal-minded drafters Martin Lee and Szeto Wah and became the spokesman of the committee. he was a committee member of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China during the Tiananmen protests of 1989 and remained critical of the Chinese government after the bloody crackdown.
In 1990,he became the founding vice-chairman of the United Democrats of Hong Kong,the first pro-democracy party and filled candidates in the District Board elections and Urban and Regional Councils elections. In the first Legislative Council direct election,he was directly elected through the Island West constituency. He became the vice-chairman of the Democratic Party when the United Democrats and Meeting Point merged in 1994.
Yeung remained legislator until the legislature was dissolved in 1997 when Hong Kong was handed over to China. He was re-elected to the Legislative Council in the 1998 LegCo election and remained in the LegCo until he stepped down as the second place on the party's candidate list in 2008 behind Kam Nai-wai.
Yeung represented the Mainstreamers,a relatively moderate faction,within the democratic camp,and discontent with him within the Democrats led to splits within the party. When Yeung took the chairmanship from Martin Lee in 2002,legislator Albert Chan quit the party,and the following year a number of "Young Turks" left the party to join The Frontier. In 2004,taking responsibility for recent election failures,he announced that he would not seek another term as party chairman. [1] He has remained on the party's central committee and executive committees occasionally.
On 28 February 2020,Yeung was arrested over his involvement in a march on 31 August 2019 which was part of protests sparked by the extradition bill,and had been classified by police as illegal assembly. A few hours later,he was released on bail,as were the other arrestees Jimmy Lai and Lee Cheuk-yan. The cases were scheduled to be heard at Eastern Law Court on 5 May 2020. [2] [3] On 18 April,Yeung was again arrested as one of 15 Hong Kong high-profile democracy figures,on suspicion of organizing,publicizing or taking part in several unauthorized assemblies between August and October 2019 in the course of the anti-extradition bill protests. Following protocol,the police statement did not disclose the names of the accused. [4] [5]
On 10 June 2022,Sum,along the two other pro-democracy figures,had his Silver Bauhinia Star honour removed,and his Justice of the Peace appointment was revoked by the government due to his jail sentences related to anti extradition-bill protests. [6] [7]
The Democratic Party (DP) is a liberal political party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Lo Kin-hei,it is the flagship party in the pro-democracy camp and currently has no elected representatives in the District Councils.
Martin Lee Chu-ming is a Hong Kong politician and barrister. He is the founding chairman of the United Democrats of Hong Kong and its successor,the Democratic Party,Hong Kong's flagship pro-democracy party. He was also a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2008. Nicknamed the "Father of Democracy" in Hong Kong,he is recognised as one of the most prominent advocates for democracy and human rights in Hong Kong and China.
Cyd Ho Sau-lan is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Legco) for the Hong Kong Island constituency.
Albert Ho Chun-yan is a solicitor and politician in Hong Kong. He is the former chairman (2014–2019) and vice-chair (2019–2021) of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China,and former chairman of the Democratic Party from 2006 to 2012. He is a solicitor and a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for District Council (Second) constituency.
Sin Chung-kai is a former member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. He was the chairman and a member of Kwai Tsing District Council for the Wah Lai constituency. He was one of the two vice-chairmen of the Democratic Party until December 2012,and now serves as a member of the Executive Committee.
Lee Cheuk-yan is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1995 to 2016,when he lost his seat. He represented the Kowloon West and the Manufacturing constituencies briefly in 1995 and had been representing the New Territories West constituency from 1998 to 2016. He is a former trade union leader,former General Secretary of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions,as well as former chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China. He has been jailed since April 2021 for his role in the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests,having been sentenced for organizing two unauthorized assemblies;for an alleged offence of subversion of the state,no trial date has been set as of February 2024.
The pro-democracy camp,also known as the pan-democracy camp,is a political alignment in Hong Kong that supports increased democracy,namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law under the "One Country,Two Systems" framework.
The League of Social Democrats (LSD) is a social democratic party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Chan Po-ying,wife of Leung Kwok-hung,it positions itself as the radical wing of the pro-democracy camp and stresses on "street actions" and "parliamentary struggles".
The 2011 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 6 November 2011. Elections were held to all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong,returning 412 members from directly elected constituencies,each selecting a council member. After the government's constitutional reform package was passed in 2010,five new seats in the Legislative Council would be created in which the candidates would be nominated by all District Councillors.
Meeting Point was a liberal and moderate Chinese nationalist political organisation and party in Hong Kong formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the Sino-British negotiation on the question of Hong Kong prospect in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong that favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free,democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.
The Labour Party is a centre-left social democratic political party in Hong Kong established in 2011.
The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members,35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs),were returned. The election came after the rejection of the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged.
Holden Chow Ho-ding is a Hong Kong solicitor and politician. He is vice-chairman of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB),the largest pro-Beijing party in Hong Kong,and a former chairman of Young DAB,its youth wing. He was elected to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 2016,through the District Council (Second) "super seat". He was re-elected in 2021 through the New Territories North West geographical constituency.
Liberalism in Hong Kong has become the driving force of the democratic movement since the 1980s which is mainly represented by the pro-democracy camp which strives for the universal suffrage,human rights and rule of law in Hong Kong. It is one of two major political ideologies of the Hong Kong,with the other being conservatism. The emergence of the contemporary liberalism took root in the rapid democratisation in the final years of the colonial years in the 1980s and 1990s,which the pro-democracy camp was united under the banner of an autonomous Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty. The liberals consolidated their popular support from the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre and received landslide victories in the first direct elections in 1991 and 1995 in the final colonial years. The liberals took the defensive role against the Beijing's authoritarian regime going into the early SAR period which led to the massive demonstration against the Basic Law Article 23 in 2003.
Avery Ng Man-yuen is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He is the chairman of the League of Social Democrats (LSD),a pro-democracy radical social democratic party in Hong Kong.
Lam Cheuk-ting is a Democratic Party politician in Hong Kong. He is a former investigator of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and chief executive of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the North District Council for Shek Wu Hui until March 2021. He was elected to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 2016 through New Territories East.
The 2019 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 24 November 2019 for all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong. 452 seats from all directly elected constituencies,out of the 479 seats in total,were contested. Nearly three million people voted,equivalent to 71 per cent of registered voters,an unprecedented turnout in the electoral history of Hong Kong. The election was widely viewed as a de facto referendum on the concurrent anti-extradition protests.
The 31st anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 was principally events that occurred in China and elsewhere on and leading up to 4 June 2020 –to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre,in which thousands of people are widely believed to have been killed.
On 11 November 2020,15 Hong Kong pro-democracy members of the Legislative Council announced their resignations in protest against the decision of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) which bars Legislative Council members from supporting Hong Kong independence,refusing to recognise Beijing's sovereignty over Hong Kong,seeking help from "foreign countries or foreign forces to interfere in the affairs of the region" or committing "other acts that endanger national security" that resulted in the disqualification of pro-democracy legislators Alvin Yeung,Dennis Kwok,Kwok Ka-ki and Kenneth Leung. In July 2020,the four had been barred from running in the subsequently postponed Legislative Council election originally scheduled for September 2020. The resignation en masse left the Legislative Council membership dwindled to 43 out of the total number of 70 seats,with virtually no opposition for the first time since the 1997 handover.
The city held its first National Security Education Day after the national security law had come into force. Chief Executive Carrie Lam emphasized that the law had helped Hong Kong to emerge from the "dark violence" of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests. National Security Committee Adviser Luo Huining also gave a speech. Even very young children were photographed handling toy weapons,which drew criticism.