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Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose sugar. GTP has the guanine nucleobase attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose and it has the triphosphate moiety attached to ribose's 5' carbon.
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. It was discovered and named by Hideo Mōri in 1968. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, including mitosis. Tubulin-binding drugs kill cancerous cells by inhibiting microtubule dynamics, which are required for DNA segregation and therefore cell division.
In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs). These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β-tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates.
Mitofusin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFN1 gene.
Matthew P. Scott is an American biologist who was the tenth president of the Carnegie Institution for Science. While at Stanford University, Scott studied how embryonic and later development is governed by proteins that control gene activity and cell signaling processes. He co- discovered homeobox genes in Drosophila melanogaster working with Amy J. Weiner at Indiana University.
Yukiko Yamashita is an American developmental biologist. She joined the Whitehead Institute in September 2020 and has been appointed a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is the inaugural incumbent of the Susan Lindquist Chair for Women in Science at Whitehead Institute. She was previously a faculty member of the University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute and a professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of Michigan Medical School. She was appointed an HHMI Investigator in 2013. In November 2013 she received a 5-year appointment as the James Playfair McMurrich Collegiate Professor of the Life Sciences at the University of Michigan Medical School. Her current research at the Whitehead Institute and MIT focuses on how germline immortality is maintained by germline stem cell behavior.
The XMAP215/Dis1 family is a highly conserved group of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in eukaryotic organisms. These proteins are unique MAPs because they primarily interact with the growing-end (plus-end) of microtubules. This special property classifies this protein family as plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs).
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide (fission), forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders. Through fusion, mitochondria can overcome the dangerous consequences of genetic malfunction. The process of mitochondrial fusion involves a variety of proteins that assist the cell throughout the series of events that form this process.
Norbert Perrimon is a French geneticist and developmental biologist. He is the James Stillman Professor of Developmental Biology in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and an Associate of the Broad Institute. He is known for developing a number of techniques for used in genetic research with Drosophila melanogaster, as well as specific substantive contributions to signal transduction, developmental biology and physiology.
Don W. Cleveland is an American cancer biologist and neurobiologist.
Ruth Lehmann is a developmental and cell biologist. She is the Director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. She previously was affiliated with the New York University School of Medicine, where she was the Director of the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Professor of Cell Biology, and the Chair of the Department of Cell Biology. Her research focuses on germ cells and embryogenesis.
Tim Stearns is an American biologist and university administrator, and is the Dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies, Vice President of Education, and Head of Laboratory at The Rockefeller University. Stearns was formerly the Frank Lee and Carol Hall Professor in the Department of Biology at Stanford University, with appointments in the Department of Genetics and the Cancer Center in the Stanford Medical School. Stearns served as chair of the Department of Biology at Stanford as well as Acting Dean of Research and Senior Associate Vice Provost of Research. Stearns is an HHMI Professor, and is a member of JASON, a scientific advisory group. He has served on the editorial boards of The Journal of Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Cell.
The fusome is a membranous structure found in the developing germ cell cysts of many insect orders. Initial description of the fusome occurred in the 19th century and since then the fusome has been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster male and female germline development. This structure has roles in maintaining germline cysts, coordinating the number of mitotic divisions prior to meiosis, and oocyte determination by serving as a structure for intercellular communication.
Chris Q Doe is a professor of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the Institute for Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. Doe did his PhD work with Corey Goodman at Stanford University, followed by postdoctoral fellowship with Matthew P. Scott at University of Colorado Boulder. He is a researcher in developmental biology known for his studies on neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster neural stem cell neuroblasts. His lab investigates the generation of neuronal diversity and neural circuit formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Doe is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Terry L. Orr-Weaver is an American molecular biologist in the MIT Department of Biology with a joint appointment to the Whitehead Institute. She does research on developmental biology, with a focus on "[c]oordination of cell growth and division with development, with particular focus on the oocyte-to-embryo transition, control of cell size, and regulation of metazoan DNA replication." Orr-Weaver and her collaborators have identified two proteins necessary for the proper sorting of chromosomes during meiosis with implications for cancer and birth defects. In 2006 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
Anne Ephrussi is a French developmental and molecular biologist. Her research is focused on the study of post-transcriptional regulations such as mRNA localization and translation control in molecular biology as well as the establishment of polarity axes in cell and developmental biology. She is director of the EMBL International Centre for Advanced Training (EICAT) program at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) since 2005 and served as head of the Developmental Biology Unit from 2007 to 2021.
Anthony Mahowald is a molecular genetics and cellular biologist who served as the department chair of the molecular genetics and cellular biology department at the University of Chicago. His lab focused on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, specifically focusing on controlling the genetic aspects of major developmental events. His major research breakthroughs included the study of the stem cell niche, endocycles, and various types of actin.
Elizabeth Gavis is an American biologist who is the Damon B. Pfeiffer Professor of Life Sciences, at Princeton University. Gavis served as the President of the North American Drosophila Board of Directors in 2011.
Antonina Roll-Mecak is a Romanian-born American molecular biophysicist. She is currently the Senior Investigator and Chief of the Unit of Cell Biology and Biophysics at the National Institutes of Health. She holds appointments at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and at the Biochemistry and Biophysics Center of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Roll-Mecak is known for her work on cytoskeletal regulation, mechanisms of microtubule severing enzymes and microtubule repair, and for her pioneering work in deciphering the complexities of the tubulin code. Her work is relevant to the treatment of cancer and nervous system disorders.
References
- 1 2 "Speaker Profiles: Margaret T. Fuller". CDB Symposium 2007.
- ↑ "Profile: Margaret T. Fuller (1985)". Searle Scholars. Archived from the original on September 5, 2004.
- ↑ "Community Academic Profiles - Faculty & Researchers". Stanford Medicine.
- 1 2 "Fuller, Hanley named to endowed professorships". Stanford University. February 23, 2005.
- ↑ Chen, Ingfei (August 2006). "A Wild-Angle View" (PDF). HHMI Bulletin. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 8, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ↑ "Five scholars elected to the National Academy of Sciences". Stanford University (Press release). May 1, 2008. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- ↑ "Drosophila researcher Margaret Fuller wins Genetics Society of America Medal". drosophilaresearch.org. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
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