Marianne Fay

Last updated
Marianne Fay
NationalityAmerican
Field Economics
Alma mater Columbia University

Marianne Fay is an American economist and writer. She specializes in infrastructure, development, and climate change.

Contents

Education

Marianne Fay received a PhD in Economics from Columbia University in 1994, with a dissertation on "Infrastructure, Income Distribution and Growth". [1]

Career

Fay is an researches economics and global climate change. [2] [3] She serves as Chief Economist for the Sustainable Development Vice Presidency at the World Bank, where she previously served as Chief Economist for Climate Change. [4] While working with the World Bank, she has led a number of reports and authored multiple articles on the topics of infrastructure, urbanization, and climate change. She regularly lectures at conferences. [5] [6] [7] [8]

Fay has long-maintained that,— "Climate change represents a direct and immediate threat to poverty alleviation.” [9] In speaking with the Rwanda's The New Times in 2009, she noted,— “Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by climate change... They need scaled-up financial and technological support to help vulnerable people adapt to climate change, while also meeting urgent energy needs.” [10]

In 2010, Fay co-directed the World Development Report on Development and Climate Change, and has contributed to a number of additional World Development Reports. [11] [12] In 2012, she became a founding member of the Green Growth Knowledge Platform, led by the Global Green Growth Institute, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED), the United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and the World Bank. [13] Fay spoke to reporters on the heels of a World Bank report release in 2017 about the need for Latin America to future-proof its infrastructure. [14] She is currently a member of the Green Growth Knowledge Platform's Steering Committee. [15]

Selected works

Working papers

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainable development</span> Mode of human development

Sustainable development is an organizing principle that aims to meet human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide necessary natural resources and ecosystem services to humans. The desired result is a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining the planetary integrity and stability of the natural system. The Brundtland Report in 1987 defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The concept of sustainable development nowadays has a focus on economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Investment Bank</span> Investment bank of the European Union

The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the EU Member States. It is one of the largest supranational lenders in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions projects that achieve the policy aims of the European Union through loans, guarantees and technical assistance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Infrastructure</span> Facilities and systems serving society

Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications. In general, infrastructure has been defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions" and maintain the surrounding environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rural area</span> Geographic area that is located outside towns and cities

In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are described as rural. Different countries have varying definitions of rural for statistical and administrative purposes.

A green economy is an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment. It is closely related with ecological economics, but has a more politically applied focus. The 2011 UNEP Green Economy Report argues "that to be green, an economy must not only be efficient, but also fair. Fairness implies recognizing global and country level equity dimensions, particularly in assuring a Just Transition to an economy that is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sustainable urban infrastructure</span>

Sustainable urban infrastructure expands on the concept of urban infrastructure by adding the sustainability element with the expectation of improved and more resilient urban development. In the construction and physical and organizational structures that enable cities to function, sustainability also aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the capabilities of the future generations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Development Bank of Southern Africa</span> Government finance company

The Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) is a development finance institution wholly owned by the Government of South Africa. The bank intends to "accelerate sustainable socio-economic development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) by driving financial and non-financial investments in the social and economic infrastructure sectors".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low-carbon economy</span> Economy based on energy sources with low levels of greenhouse gas emissions

A low-carbon economy (LCE) or decarbonised economy is an economy based on energy sources that produce low levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions due to human activity are the dominant cause of observed climate change since the mid-20th century. Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause long-lasting changes around the world, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive, and irreversible effects for people and ecosystems. Shifting to a low-carbon economy on a global scale could bring substantial benefits both for developed and developing countries. Many countries around the world are designing and implementing low-emission development strategies (LEDS). These strategies seek to achieve social, economic, and environmental development goals while reducing long-term greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience to the effects of climate change.

Rural economics is the study of rural economies. Rural economies include both agricultural and non-agricultural industries, so rural economics has broader concerns than agricultural economics which focus more on food systems. Rural development and finance attempt to solve larger challenges within rural economics. These economic issues are often connected to the migration from rural areas due to lack of economic activities and rural poverty. Some interventions have been very successful in some parts of the world, with rural electrification and rural tourism providing anchors for transforming economies in some rural areas. These challenges often create rural-urban income disparities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottmar Edenhofer</span> German economist

Ottmar Georg Edenhofer is a German economist who is regarded as one of the world's leading experts on climate change policy, environmental and energy policy, and energy economics. His work has been heavily cited. Edenhofer currently holds the professorship of the Economics of Climate Change at the Technical University of Berlin. Together with Earth scientist Johan Rockström, economist Ottmar Edenhofer is scientific director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), representing the interdisciplinary and solutions-oriented approach of the institute. Furthermore, he is director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC). From 2008 to 2015 he served as one of the co-chairs of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group III "Mitigation of Climate Change".

Rural poverty refers to poverty in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the poverty found there. Rural areas, because of their spread-out populations, typically have less well maintained infrastructure and a harder time accessing markets, which tend to be concentrated in population centers.

Abatement cost is the cost of reducing environmental negatives such as pollution. Marginal cost is an economic concept that measures the cost of an additional unit. The marginal abatement cost, in general, measures the cost of reducing one more unit of pollution. Marginal abatement costs are also called the "marginal cost" of reducing such environmental negatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economics of climate change mitigation</span> Part of the economics of climate change related to climate change mitigation

The economics of climate change mitigation is the part of the economics of climate change related to climate change mitigation, that is actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change. Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs, for example forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership</span> World Bank trust fund

The Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP), formerly the Water and Sanitation Program, is a trust fund administered by the World Bank geared at improving the accessibility and infrastructure of water and sanitation for underdeveloped countries. GWSP works in more than 25 countries through regional offices in Africa, East and South Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and an office in Washington, D.C. Heath P. Tarbert is the Acting Executive Director for the United States. The GWSP is best known for its work providing technical assistance, building partnerships and capacity building. GWSP focuses on both regulatory and structural changes and also behavior change projects, such as a scaling up handwashing project and scaling up sanitation project. Another key aspect of GWSP's work is sharing knowledge and best practices through multiple channels. The GWSP has determined five main focus areas: Sustainability, inclusion, institutions, financing, and resilience.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate finance</span> Type of investment

Climate finance is "finance that aims at reducing emissions, and enhancing sinks of greenhouse gases and aims at reducing vulnerability of, and maintaining and increasing the resilience of, human and ecological systems to negative climate change impacts", as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Standing Committee on Finance. The term has been used in a narrow sense to refer to transfers of public resources from developed to developing countries, in light of their UN Climate Convention obligations to provide "new and additional financial resources", and in a wider sense to refer to all financial flows relating to climate change mitigation and adaptation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nature-based solutions</span> Sustainable management and use of nature for tackling socio-environmental challenges

The term Nature-based solutions (NBS) refers to the sustainable management and use of natural features and processes to tackle socio-environmental challenges. These challenges include issues such as climate change, water security, water pollution, food security, human health, biodiversity loss, and disaster risk management. The European Commission's definition of NBS states that these solutions are "inspired and supported by nature, which are cost-effective, simultaneously provide environmental, social and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more, and more diverse, nature and natural features and processes into cities, landscapes, and seascapes, through locally adapted, resource-efficient and systemic interventions". In 2020, the EC definition was updated to further emphasise that “Nature-based solutions must benefit biodiversity and support the delivery of a range of ecosystem services.” Through the use of NBS healthy, resilient, and diverse ecosystems can provide solutions for the benefit of both societies and overall biodiversity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green industrial policy</span> Strategic government policy

Green industrial policy (GIP) is strategic government policy that attempts to accelerate the development and growth of green industries to transition towards a low-carbon economy. Green industrial policy is necessary because green industries such as renewable energy and low-carbon public transportation infrastructure face high costs and many risks in terms of the market economy. Therefore, they need support from the public sector in the form of industrial policy until they become commercially viable. Natural scientists warn that immediate action must occur to lower greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change. Social scientists argue that the mitigation of climate change requires state intervention and governance reform. Thus, governments use GIP to address the economic, political, and environmental issues of climate change. GIP is conducive to sustainable economic, institutional, and technological transformation. It goes beyond the free market economic structure to address market failures and commitment problems that hinder sustainable investment. Effective GIP builds political support for carbon regulation, which is necessary to transition towards a low-carbon economy. Several governments use different types of GIP that lead to various outcomes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanzania and the World Bank</span>

The World Bank Group (WBG) provides grants, credits and policy analysis to support economic development in Tanzania with a focus on infrastructure and private sector growth. As of 2018, WBG supports 25 active projects with funding of more than $3.95 billion. The WBG provides analytical and technical assistance in coordination with these projects. From 2007-2018 Tanzania maintained real GDP growth averaging 6.8% a year. Growth concentrated in the agricultural and transportation sectors. Complementing this growth, the poverty rate in Tanzania fell from 28.2% in 2012 to 26.9% in 2016. Debate exists over the validity of this growth as development may be unevenly dispersed among different geographic and income groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysia and the World Bank</span>

Malaysia's independence in 1957 was a catalyst for growth. As the nation took charge of managing its own affairs, it continued to develop the goals and means necessary for a financial structure conducive to the economic growth observed today. Critical to the transition of Malaysia from a low-income country to one of high-income status has been the expansion of its economy. From a commodity and agricultural-based economy, the Southeast Asian nation is transitioning to a leading exporter of more complex goods. As the nation opens up to trade and investment, the World Bank and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA) continue to assist with its development.

Sustainable finance is the set of financial regulations, standards, norms and products that pursue an environmental objective. It allows the financial system to connect with the economy and its populations by financing its agents while maintaining a growth objective. The long-standing concept was promoted with the adoption of the Paris Climate Agreement, which stipulates that parties must make "finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development." In addition, sustainable finance had already a key role to play in the European Green Deal and in other EU International agreements, but since the COVID-19 pandemic its role is even more important.

References

  1. ↑ "Doctoral Dissertations in Economics Ninety-second Annual List" (PDF). American Economic Association. December 1995.
  2. ↑ Casillas, Christian E.; Kammen, Daniel M. (25 November 2010). "The Energy-Poverty-Climate Nexus" (PDF). Policy Forum. University of California, Berkeley. 330 (6008): 1181–1182. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1181C. doi:10.1126/science.1197412. PMID   21109654. S2CID   206529776.
  3. ↑ Backteman, Karin. "The world's leading climate researchers are gathering at the School of Business, Economics & Law - University of Gothenburg, Sweden". Göteborgs universitet. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  4. ↑ "Marianne Fay, Chief Economist of the Sustainable Development Vice-Presidency, World Bank" (PDF). OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
  5. ↑ Green, Jared (2010-05-26). "Laying out a Path to a Climate-smart World". THE DIRT. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  6. ↑ "Green economy is vital for EU's global competitiveness - PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency". www.pbl.nl. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
  7. ↑ "Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) Annual Conference: Transforming Development through Inclusive Green Growth". UN Environment. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
  8. ↑ "conference – Step Up Consulting" . Retrieved 2019-01-22.
  9. ↑ Hub, IISD's SDG Knowledge. "World Bank Outlines Linkages Between Climate Change, Poverty Eradication - News - SDG Knowledge Hub - IISD" . Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  10. ↑ "World Bank calls for climate change to maintain economic growth". The New Times - Rwanda. 16 September 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  11. ↑ Ross-Larson, Bruce; Fay, Marianne; Bierbaum, Rosina M. (2009-11-06). "World development report 2010 : development and climate change": 1–444.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Fay, Marianne (2009-03-24). "Marianne Fay". World Bank Blogs. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  13. ↑ "About Us". Green Growth Knowledge Platform. 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  14. ↑ "World Bank: Latin America needs to climate proof infrastructure". NBC News. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  15. ↑ "Marianne Fay". Green Growth Knowledge Platform. 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  16. ↑ Marianne, Fay (2017-08-02). Rethinking infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean : spending better to achieve more. Andrés, Luis Alberto,, Fox, Charles (Of World Bank),, Narloch, Ulf,, Straub, Stephane,, Slawson, Michael. Washington, DC. ISBN   9781464811029. OCLC   994882872.
  17. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Andres, Luis; Fox, Charles; Narloch, Ulf; Straub, Stephane; Slawson, Michael (2017). "Rethinking Infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ↑ Stéphane, Hallegatte (2015-11-23). Shock waves : managing the impacts of climate change on poverty. Washington, D.C. ISBN   9781464806742. OCLC   931226996.
  19. ↑ Hallegatte, Stephane; Bangalore, Mook; Bonzanigo, Laura; Fay, Marianne; Kane, Tamaro; Narloch, Ulf; Rozenberg, Julie; Tréguer, David; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien (2016). "Shock Waves".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ↑ Marianne, Fay (2015). Decarbonizing development : three steps to a zero-carbon future. Hallegatte, Stéphane,, Vogt-Schilb, Adrien,, Rozenberg, Julie,, Narloch, Ulf,, Kerr, Thomas M. Washington, DC. ISBN   9781464804809. OCLC   914355531.
  21. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Hallegatte, Stephane; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien; Rozenberg, Julie; Narloch, Ulf; Kerr, Tom (2015). "Decarbonizing Development".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ↑ Adapting to climate change in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Fay, Marianne., Block, Rachel I., Ebinger, Jane O. Washington, DC: World Bank. 2010. ISBN   9780821381328. OCLC   593265621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  23. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Block, Rachel I.; Ebinger, Jane (2010). "Adapting to Climate Change in Eastern Europe and Central Asia".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ↑ Estache, Antonio; Fay, Marianne (2009). "Current Debates on Infrastructure Policy".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Martimort, David; Straub, Stephane (2018). "Funding and financing infrastructure: the joint-use of public and private finance".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  26. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Straub, Stephane (2017). "Rising incomes and inequality of access to infrastructure among Latin American households".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. ↑ Hallegatte, Stephane; Bangalore, Mook; Bonzanigo, Laura; Fay, Marianne; Narloch, Ulf; Rozenberg, Julie; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien (2014). "Climate change and poverty -- an analytical framework".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. ↑ Hallegatte, Stephane; Fay, Marianne; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien (2013). "Green industrial policies: when and how".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ↑ Hallegatte, Stephane; Heal, Geoffrey; Fay, Marianne; Tréguer, David (2012). "From Growth to Green Growth - a Framework".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Iimi, Atsushi; Perrissin-Fabert, Baptiste (2010). "Financing greener and climate-resilient infrastructure in developing countries - challenges and opportunities".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  31. ↑ Fay, Marianne; Block, Rachel; Carrington, Tim; Ebinger, Jane (2009). "Adapting to Climate Change in ECA".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  32. ↑ Brown, David; Fay, Marianne; Lall, Somik; Gun Wang, Hyoung; Felkner, John (2008). "Death of distance? Economic implications of infrastructure improvement in Russia".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  33. ↑ Estache, Antonio; Fay, Marianne (2007). "Current debates on infrastructure policy".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. ↑ Fay, Marianne; De Rosa, Donato; Ilieva, Stella (2007). "Product market regulation in Bulgaria: a comparison with OECD Countries".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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