Marquess Lie of Zhao (died 400 BCE), personal name Zhao Ji, was the founding marquess of the Zhao state during the Warring States period of China. His father was Count Xian (later posthumously promoted to Marquess Xian).
During his reign, Marquess Lie employed righteous government officials, including Gong Zhonglian (公仲連), Niu Xu (牛畜), Xun Xin (荀欣) and Xu Yue (徐越), whilst he followed the virtuous "Way of the King" (王道).
When cavalry from the Zhongshan state attacked Zhao, Marquess Lie allied himself with Marquess Wen of Wei to counterattack Zhongshan. Thereafter, he moved the Zhao capital to Handan.
Marquess Lie died in 400 BCE. Since his son Zhao Zhang was underaged at the time, Marquess Lie's younger brother, Duke Wu of Zhao (趙武公), succeeded him as ruler.
Wei was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang.
Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.
Emperor Xuan of Han, born Liu Bingyi (劉病已), was the tenth emperor of the Han dynasty, reigning from 74 to 48 BC, and was one of the only four Western Han emperors to receive a temple name. During his reign, the Han dynasty prospered economically and militarily became a regional superpower, and was considered by many to be the peak period of the entire Han history. His time of rule, along with his predecessor Emperor Zhao's are known by historians as Zhaoxuan Restoration (昭宣中興). He was succeeded by his son Emperor Yuan after his death in 48 BC.
Jin, originally known as Tang (唐), was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han, Zhao, and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period.
King Wuling of Zhao, personal name Zhao Yong, was a ruler of the Zhao state. His reign was famous for one important event: the reforms consisting of "Wearing the Hu (styled) Attire and Shooting from Horseback " (胡服騎射). He was credited for the implementation of protective outfit during military events and proceedings.
Huo Guang, courtesy name Zimeng (子孟), was a Chinese military general and politician who served as the dominant state official of the Western Han dynasty from 87 BCE until his death in April 68 BCE. The younger half-brother of the renowned general Huo Qubing, Huo was a palace aide to Emperor Wu and secured power in his own right at the emperor's death, when he became principal co-regent for Emperor Zhao. Huo outmaneuvered his colleagues in the regency and assumed personal control over state affairs, consolidating his power by installing family members and other loyalists in key offices. Following Emperor Zhao's death in June 74 BCE, Huo engineered the succession and deposition of Liu He within a mere 27 days. Huo next facilitated the accession of Emperor Xuan and retained control of the Han government until his death.
Wang Zhengjun, officially Empress Xiaoyuan (孝元皇后), later and more commonly known as Grand Empress Dowager Wang, born in Yuancheng, was an empress during the Western Han dynasty of China, who played important roles during the reigns of five successive Han emperors and later led to the usurpation of the throne by her nephew Wang Mang. She is largely viewed sympathetically by historians as an unassuming and benevolent if overly doting woman who suffered much in her long life, who tried to influence the empire as well as she could, and tried to use her power for the benefit of the empire, and who was not a party to her nephew's machinations, but whose failure, leading to the downfall of the Western Han Dynasty, was her overdependence on her clan.
Dong Zhao, courtesy name Gongren, was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Yuan Shao, Zhang Yang and Cao Cao consecutively during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Yu Zhong (于忠), né Wuniuyu Qiannian (勿忸于千年), courtesy name Sixian (思賢), formally Duke Wujing of Lingshou (靈壽武敬公), was an official of the Northern Wei dynasty. He briefly served as a regent during the reign of Emperor Xiaoming.
Marquess Wen of Wei, personal name Wei Si, was the founding marquess of the Wei state. He belonged to the Wei clan, one of the noble houses that dominated Jin politics in the 5th and 6th centuries BC.
Fàn is a Chinese family name. It is also one of the most common surnames in Vietnam, where it is written as Pham, and occurs in Korea as Beom. It is the 46th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem in Chinese.
Marquess Jing of Han, personal name Han Qian, was leader of the Han clan in the Jin state from 408 BC to 403 BC, and the founding marquess of the Han state from 403 BC until his death in 400 BC. Marquess Jing was the son of Viscount Wu of Han (韓武子), whom he succeeded as leader of the Han clan. It was during Marquess Jing's rule that the Han state became a recognized vassal state of the Zhou dynasty.
Marquess Xian of Zhao or Zhao Xianzi was a ruler of the State of Zhao from 423 BCE to 409 BCE during the Warring States period of ancient China.
Marquess Jing of Zhao, personal name Zhao Zhang, was a ruler of the Zhao state during the Warring states period. He was the son of Marquess Lie of Zhao, the founding monarch of the state. Marquess Jing's uncle, Duke Wu of Zhao (趙武公), ruled as Zhao's ruler until Marquess Jing was of age.
Duke You of Jin, personal name Ji Liu, was a monarch of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Jing, who died in 434 BC.
Duke Lie of Jin, personal name Ji Zhi, was a duke of the Jin state.After his father Duke You died in 416 BC, Marquess Wen of Wei installed Duke Lie on the Jin throne.
Duke Huan of Jin, personal name Ji Qi, was from 388 BC to 369 BC the duke of the Jin state. The Records of the Grand Historian refers to him as Duke Xiao of Jin (晉孝公).
Duke Xian of Qin, personal name Ying Shixi or Ying Lian, was a duke of the Qin state. He reigned from 384 to 362 BC.
Marquess Su of Zhao, personal name Zhao Yu, was a marquess of the Zhao state.
Xun Xu, courtesy name Gongzeng, was a Chinese musician, painter, politician, and writer who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty of China. Born in the influential Xun family, he was a great-grandson of Xun Shuang and a distant maternal relative of Zhong Yao's family. He served as an official in the state of Cao Wei in the late Three Kingdoms era before serving under the Jin dynasty.
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