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A gaucho or gaúcho is a skilled horseman, reputed to be brave and unruly. The figure of the gaucho is a folk symbol of Argentina, Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, southern part of Bolivia, and the south of Chilean Patagonia. Gauchos became greatly admired and renowned in legend, folklore, and literature and became an important part of their regional cultural tradition. Beginning late in the 19th century, after the heyday of the gauchos, they were celebrated by South American writers.
Martín Fierro, also known as El Gaucho Martín Fierro, is a 2,316-line epic poem by the Argentine writer José Hernández. The poem was originally published in two parts, El Gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) and La Vuelta de Martín Fierro (1879). The poem supplied a historical link to the gauchos' contribution to the national development of Argentina, for the gaucho had played a major role in Argentina's independence from Spain.
José Hernández was an Argentine journalist, poet, and politician best known as the author of the epic poem Martín Fierro. In his tribute, his birthday is celebrated as a national argentinian holiday, called Tradition Day.
Borges on Martín Fierro concerns Argentinian Jorge Luis Borges's comments on José Hernández's nineteenth-century poem Martín Fierro. Like most of his compatriots, Borges was a great admirer of this work, which he often characterized as the one clearly great work in Argentine literature. Because Martín Fierro has been widely considered the fountainhead or pinnacle of Argentine literature, Argentina's Don Quixote or Divine Comedy, and because Borges was certainly Argentina's greatest twentieth-century writer, Borges's 1953 book of essays about the poem and its critical and popular reception–El "Martín Fierro" —gives insight into Borges's identity as an Argentine.
The Argentine Libertarian Federation is a libertarian communist federation which operates in Argentina, out of the City of Buenos Aires, San Pedro, La Pampa Province, and Rosario. Founded in October 1935 with the name of the Anarcho-Communist Federation of Argentina the FLA adopted its current name in 1955. It is governed by the Declaration of Principles and the Organic Charter approved by its congress. Its structure and operation are federative and are coordinated by Local Councils and the National Council.
Leonor Fanny "Norah" Borges Acevedo, was an Argentine visual artist and art critic, member of the Florida group, and sister of the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.
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Martín Fierro was an Argentine literary magazine which appeared from February 1924 to 1927. It was one of the leading avant-garde magazines in the country.
The Martín Fierro Awards are awards for Argentine radio and television, granted by APTRA, the Association of Argentine Television and Radio Journalists.
Gaucho literature, also known as gauchesco ("gauchoesque") genre was a literary movement purporting to use the language of the gauchos, comparable to the American cowboy, and reflecting their mentality. Although earlier works have been identified as gauchoesque, the movement particularly thrived from the 1870s to 1920s in Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil after which the movement petered out, although some works continued to be written. Gauchoesque works continue to be read and studied as a significant part of Argentine literary history.
Ricardo Güiraldes was an Argentine novelist and poet, one of the most significant Argentine writers of his era, particularly known for his 1926 novel Don Segundo Sombra, set amongst the gauchos.
Don Segundo Sombra is a 1926 novel by Argentine rancher Ricardo Güiraldes. Like José Hernández's poem of the 1870s, Martín Fierro, its protagonist is a gaucho. However, unlike Hernandez's poem, Don Segundo Sombra does not romanticize the figure of the gaucho, but simply examines the character as a shadow (sombra) cast across Argentine history.
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Tragic Week, also known as Bloody Week, was a series of riots and massacres that took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from January 7 to 14, 1919. The uprising was led by anarchists and communists and was eventually crushed by the Argentine Federal Police, the military, and the Argentine Patriotic League. Estimates of the death toll vary but are usually in the hundreds, mostly of workers at the hands of the government forces.
Carlos Alberto Leumann (1886–1952) was an Argentine poet, teacher, and essayist. He wrote essays on science and metaphysics, and was the director of the literary supplement in La Nación. His poems have been published in Spanish language anthologies.
Events in the year 1879 in Argentina.
The Tenants' Strike or Broom Strike of 1907 was a popular movement against the rise in rents in tenant houses in the city of Buenos Aires and other Argentine cities, popularly called conventillos. The strike began in August 1907, it lasted approximately 3 months and more than one hundred tenants participated in the movement, with thirty-two thousand workers on strike. It had a significant presence of anarchist and socialist activists.
Salvadora Medina Onrubia was an Argentine storyteller, poet, anarchist and feminist.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ana Lía Rey (2004). "Periodismo y cultura anarquista en la Argentina de comienzos de siglo XX: Alberto Ghiraldo en La protesta y Martin Fierro". Hipótesis y Discuciones (in Spanish) (24). ISSN 1514-5581.
- ↑ (in Spanish) Historia del Movimiento Obrero: 1877/1919 - Industrialización incipiente y predominio del Sindicalismo "Anarquista" Archived 2007-01-09 at the Wayback Machine , Asociación de empleados de Farmacía (Argentina). Accessed online 30 December 2006.
Much of the content of this article comes from the equivalent Spanish-language Wikipedia article (retrieved December 30, 2006). The Spanish-language Wikipedia also contains several other relevant articles: