Mary Lefkowitz

Last updated
ISBN 0-8155-5045-6ISBN 978-0815550457
  • Heroines and Hysterics (1981), ISBN   0-7156-1518-1 ISBN   978-0715615188
  • The Lives of the Greek Poets (1981), ISBN   0-8018-2748-5 ISBN   978-0801827488
  • Women's Life in Greece and Rome (1982), editor, with Maureen Fant, ISBN   0-8018-8310-5 ISBN   978-0801883101
  • Women in Greek Myth (1986), ISBN   0-8018-8649-X ISBN   978-0801886492
  • First-person Fictions : Pindar's Poetic "I" (1991), ISBN   0-19-814686-8 ISBN   978-0198146865
  • Black Athena Revisited (1996), ISBN   0-8078-4555-8 ISBN   978-0807845554
  • Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History (1997), ISBN   0-465-09838-X ISBN   978-0465098385
  • Greek Gods, Human Lives: What We Can Learn From Myths (2003), ISBN   0-300-10769-2 ISBN   978-0300107692
  • History Lesson (2008), ISBN   0-300-12659-X ISBN   978-0300126594
  • Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Powers Of The Primeval Goddesses.” The American Scholar, 1989, pp. 586–591. (1989)
  • Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Origins Of Greek Civilization: An Afrocentric Theory.” The Gail A. Burnett Lectures In Classics, 14 Apr. 1997. (1997)
  • See also

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Athena</span> Goddess of wisdom and war in ancient Greek religion and mythology

    Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva. Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across Greece, particularly the city of Athens, from which she most likely received her name. The Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens is dedicated to her. Her major symbols include owls, olive trees, snakes, and the Gorgoneion. In art, she is generally depicted wearing a helmet and holding a spear.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Afrocentrism</span> African ethnocentrism

    Afrocentrism is a worldview that is centered on the history of people of African descent or a view that favors it over non-African civilizations. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It seeks to counter what it sees as mistakes and ideas perpetuated by the racist philosophical underpinnings of Western academic disciplines as they developed during and since Europe's Early Renaissance as justifying rationales for the enslavement of other peoples, in order to enable more accurate accounts of not only African but all people's contributions to world history. Afrocentricity deals primarily with self-determination and African agency and is a pan-African point of view for the study of culture, philosophy, and history.

    Martin Gardiner Bernal was a British scholar of modern Chinese political history. He was a Professor of Government and Near Eastern Studies at Cornell University. He is best known for his work Black Athena, a pseudoarchaeological, controversial work which argues that the culture, language, and political structure of Ancient Greece contained substantial influences from Egypt and Syria-Palestine.

    <i>Black Athena</i> Book by Martin Bernal

    Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, published in 1987, 1991, and 2006, is a pseudoarchaeological trilogy by Martin Bernal proposing an alternative hypothesis on the origins of ancient Greece and classical civilisation. Bernal's thesis discusses the perception of ancient Greece in relation to Greece's North African and West Asian neighbours, especially the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians who, he believes, colonized ancient Greece producing the bulk of Classical civilization. Bernal proposed that a change in the Western perception of Greece in the 18th century lead to the denial of any significant Egyptian and Phoenician influence on ancient Greek civilization.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmose-Nefertari</span> Ancient Egyptian queen consort

    Ahmose-Nefertari was the first Great Royal Wife of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She was a daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and wife to Ahmose I. Her son Amenhotep I became pharaoh and she may have served as his regent when he was young. Ahmose-Nefertari was deified after her death.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tony Martin (professor)</span> Trinidad-born professor of Africana Studies (1942–2013)

    Tony Martin was a Trinidad and Tobago-born scholar of Africana Studies. From 1973 to 2007 he worked at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and over the course of his career published more than ten books and a range of scholarly articles.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yosef Ben-Jochannan</span> American historian and writer

    Yosef Alfredo Antonio Ben-Jochannan, referred to as "Dr. Ben", was an American writer and historian. He was considered to be one of the more prominent Afrocentric scholars by some Black Nationalists, while most mainstream scholars, such as Mary Lefkowitz, dismissed him because of the basic historical inaccuracies in his work, as well as disputes about the authenticity of his educational degrees and academic credentials.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Cheikh Anta Diop</span> Senegalese politician, historian and scientist (1923–1986)

    Cheikh Anta Diop was a Senegalese historian, anthropologist, physicist, and politician who studied the human race's origins and pre-colonial African culture. Diop's work is considered foundational to the theory of Afrocentricity, though he himself never described himself as an Afrocentrist. The questions he posed about cultural bias in scientific research contributed greatly to the postcolonial turn in the study of African civilizations.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Afrocentricity</span> Research method that centers Africans and the African diaspora

    Afrocentricity is an academic theory and approach to scholarship that seeks to center the experiences and peoples of Africa and the African diaspora within their own historical, cultural, and sociological contexts. First developed as a systematized methodology by Molefi Kete Asante in 1980, he drew inspiration from a number of African and African diaspora intellectuals including Cheikh Anta Diop, George James, Harold Cruse, Ida B. Wells, Langston Hughes, Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, and W. E. B. Du Bois. The Temple Circle, also known as the Temple School of Thought, Temple Circle of Afrocentricity, or Temple School of Afrocentricity, was an early group of Africologists during the late 1980s and early 1990s that helped to further develop Afrocentricity, which is based on concepts of agency, centeredness, location, and orientation.

    Runoko Rashidi was a historian, essayist, author and public lecturer based in Los Angeles, California, and Paris, France.

    George Granville Monah James was a Guyanese-American historian and author, known for his 1954 book Stolen Legacy, which argues that Greek philosophy and religion originated in ancient Egypt.

    Melanin theory is a set of pseudoscientific claims made by some proponents of Afrocentrism, which holds that black people, including ancient Egyptians, have superior mental, physical, and paranormal powers because they have higher levels of melanin, the primary skin pigment in humans.

    The dynastic race theory was the earliest thesis to attempt to explain how predynastic Egypt developed into the sophisticated monarchy of Dynastic Egypt. The theory holds that the earliest roots of the ancient Egyptian dynastic civilisation were imported by invaders from Mesopotamia who then founded the First Dynasty and brought culture to the indigenous population. This theory had strong supporters in the Egyptological community in the first half of the 20th century, but has since lost mainstream support.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancient Egyptian race controversy</span> Question of the race of ancient Egyptians

    The question of the race of the ancient Egyptians was raised historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries, and was linked to models of racial hierarchy primarily based on craniometry and anthropometry. A variety of views circulated about the racial identity of the Egyptians and the source of their culture.

    John Glover Jackson was an American Pan-Africanist historian, lecturer, teacher and writer. He promoted ideas of Afrocentrism, atheism, and Jesus Christ in comparative mythology.

    Life of Sethos, Taken from Private Memoirs of the Ancient Egyptians is an influential fantasy novel originally published in six volumes at Paris in 1731 by the French abbé Jean Terrasson. An English translation by Thomas Lediard published at London by J. Walthoe appeared in 1732.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbara P. McCarthy</span> American Hellenist and academic

    Barbara Philippa McCarthy was an American Hellenist and academic. McCarthy is mainly known for her work on Lucian of Samosata and his interactions with the Menippean satire.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Rebecca Futo Kennedy</span> American academic and classicist

    Rebecca Futo Kennedy is Associate Professor of Classics, Women's and Gender Studies, and Environmental Studies at Denison University, and the Director of the Denison Museum. Her research focuses on the political, social, and cultural history of Classical Athens, Athenian tragedy, ancient immigration, ancient theories of race and ethnicity, and the reception of those theories in modern race science.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnicity of Cleopatra</span> Debate regarding the race of the Egyptian ruler

    The ethnicity of Cleopatra VII, the last active Hellenistic ruler of the Macedonian-led Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, has caused debate in some circles. There is a general consensus among scholars that she was predominantly of Macedonian Greek ancestry and minorly of Iranian descent. Others, including some scholars and laymen, have speculated whether she may have had additional ancestries.

    Hoteps are members of an Afrocentrist African American subculture that focuses on Ancient Egypt as a source of Black pride. The group has been described as promoting pseudohistory and misinformation about Black history. Hoteps espouse a mixture of Black radicalism and social conservatism.

    References

    1. van Binsbergen, Wim. Black Athena Comes of Age. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 81. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
    2. "A Classic Case | Alan Jacobs". First Things. 2008-11-01. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
    3. "Mary Lefkowitz profile". Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Wellesley College
    4. Bernal, Martin. Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Rutgers University Press, 2020.
    5. Lefkowitz, Mary R. Black Athena Revisited. Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997.
    6. Lefkowitz, Mary R. Not out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History. Basic Books, 1996.
    7. Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Martin Bernal. “Not Out of Africa Review.” Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 5 Apr. 1996, https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1996/1996.04.05/.
    8. Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Martin Bernal. “Not Out of Africa Review.” Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 5 Apr. 1996, https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1996/1996.04.05/.
    9. Lefkowitz, Mary R. “Response: Lefkowitz on Bernal on Lefkowitz, Not out of Africa.” Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 19 Apr. 1996, https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1996/1996.04.19/.
    10. “Dr. John Henrik Clarke vs Mary Lefkowitz: The Great Debate (1996) | Best Quality.” YouTube, YouTube, 27 Jan. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmei-hUQUWY.
    11. Asante, Molefi Kete. “Black Athena Revisited: A Review Essay.” Research in African Literatures, vol. 29, no. 1, 1998, pp. 206–10. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3820545. Accessed 2 Mar. 2023.
    12. Asante, Molefi Kete. “Black Athena Revisited: A Review Essay.” Research in African Literatures, vol. 29, no. 1, 1998, pp. 206–10. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3820545. Accessed 2 Mar. 2023.
    13. John Leo. The Hazards of Telling the Truth, Wall Street Journal , April 15, 2008
    14. History Lesson, p. 55
    15. Cornell Daily Sun, 2 May 1994, p. 1
    16. History Lesson, pp. 67–69.
    17. Daily Telegraph obituary of Hugh Lloyd-Jones
    Mary Lefkowitz
    Born (1935-04-30) April 30, 1935 (age 89)
    SpouseSir Hugh Lloyd-Jones (m. 1982-2009; his death)
    Academic background
    Education Wellesley College (BA)
    Radcliffe College (PhD)