Mastroberardino

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Mastroberardino's proprietary named Taurasi wine Radici Radici Taurasi Riserva.jpg
Mastroberardino's proprietary named Taurasi wine Radici

Mastroberardino is an Italian winery located in Atripalda, in the province of Avellino, in the Campania region of Italy. Founded in 1878, the winery is known for its production of Taurasi DOCG as well as its ampelography work in identifying and preserving ancient grape varieties like Greco and Fiano. [1] [2] [3] The work of the Mastroberardino family, particularly Antonio Mastroberardino, in this field is widely respected and Antonio is often called "The Grape Archaeologist". [4]

Contents

The winery is also behind the Villa dei Misteri project at Pompeii that is recreating the wines of the ancient Roman city by replanting vineyards that were destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 using the same ancient grape varieties, viticulture and winemaking techniques of that period. [2] [5] [6]

For most of the 20th century, the winery was responsible for more than half of Campania's denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wine production and over 90% of the Taurasi DOCG production. But those percentages have declined as other producers have moved into the area and started producing DOC/G level wine. [7]

Today the family owned winery is operated by Antonio and his sons Carlo and Piero Mastroberardino with an annual production of around 150,000 cases produced from grapes grown in the family's 60 hectare (150 acre) vineyards in Campania and purchased elsewhere. [8] The Mastroberardinos are widely credited with bringing favorable critical attention to the wines of Campania, particularly for previously unheralded wines like Lacryma Christi, Greco di Tufo and Fiano di Avellino. [9]

History

The Mastroberardino family has been producing wine in the Campania region for more than 11 generations. [2] The present-day winery was founded in Avellino in 1878 by Angelo Mastroberardino (1850–1914), who was a Cavaliere (or knight) in the Ordine della Corona d’Italia that was founded by King Victor Emmanuel II following the Risorgimento movement, in which Mastroberardino partook. Knowing the export market for Mastroberardino wines would be important in these early years Angelo founded a logistics company in Rome to help facilitate sales of his wines abroad. [10]

Angelo's son, Michele Mastroberardino (1886–1945), continued to promote the family's wines throughout most of the early 20th century with frequent travels and speaking engagements across the globe. [10] After World War II, the family fell into the hands of Michele's sons, before Angelo (1917–1978) and after Antonio and Walter. After Angelo's death, a family feud between Antonio and Walters, in the late 20th, led to a split with Antonio maintaining the family name and winery while Walter took many of the family's best vineyards to form his own Terredora estate in 1994. [11]

Throughout much of the late 20th century, Mastroberardino was considered the flag bearer of quality winemaking for southern Italy with wine experts Joe Bastianich and David Lynch noting that the winery's Radici wine from the Taurasi DOCG "essentially started the red-wine revolution of the Italian south". [11] Master of Wine Mary Ewing-Mulligan has noted it was the critical acclaim of Mastroberardino's Taurasi Riserva from the 1968 vintage that brought widespread attention to the region and the potential of the Aglianico grape behind the wine. [7]

Pompeii excavations

The Mastroberardino family has worked with Archaeological Superintendent of Pompeii to preserve and highlight the viticulture and wine culture of Pompeii. Pictured is one of the many wine bars discovered in the Pompeiian excavation. Pompeii Wine bar setting.jpg
The Mastroberardino family has worked with Archaeological Superintendent of Pompeii to preserve and highlight the viticulture and wine culture of Pompeii. Pictured is one of the many wine bars discovered in the Pompeiian excavation.

The Mastroberardino family have been a leader in uncovering and preserving the viticultural history of the Campania region, particularly during the ancient Greek and Roman periods. This includes a partnership with the Archaeological Superintendent of Pompeii to excavate the many wine bars discovered in the city with their painted frescoes depicting the cultural use and acceptance of wine in Roman society. The Mastroberardinos have also assisted in the discovery of five vineyards within the walls of the city that also included underground cellars that contained the remnants of doli terracotta jars used to store Pompeiian wine. [2]

Villa dei Misteri

In collaboration with the Pompeii excavations, the Mastroberardino family started the Villa dei Misteri (or Villa of the Mysteries) project in 1996 that aimed to recreate the wine of the ancient city of Pompeii using the same grape varieties and viticultural techniques of the period. [12] Working with historians and ampelographers, the team examined imprints left in the soil from vine roots as well as DNA testing on grape seeds discovered in the volcanic ash and identified the ancient varieties of Piedirosso and Sciascinoso (also known as Olivella) as the most likely varieties behind ancient Pompeiian wines. [2]

One of the vineyards planted within the excavations of Pompeii as part of the Villa dei Misteri project Pompeii vineyards.jpg
One of the vineyards planted within the excavations of Pompeii as part of the Villa dei Misteri project

Using the details discovered from the Pompeii excavations as well as the descriptions of Ancient Roman viticulture provided by Columella and Pliny the Elder, vineyards within the city walls of the Pompeii excavations were re-planted in 1990 with these grape varieties to the high density of 8 thousand vines per hectare that was typical of the time period. [2] One such vineyard was owned by an ancient Pompeiian named Eusino who also owned a tavern in the city. [13] Using chestnut stakes like the kind used during the period, many of the vines were replanted in holes still visible from the original stakes of an earlier vineyard that was planted two thousand years ago. The project is also using many of the same pruning, vine training and harvest techniques used during Roman times. [2] [14]

The Villa dei Misteri project has also adopted many of the ancient Roman winemaking techniques including extended maceration following fermentation as well as extended oak aging, even up to ten years for some wine. The project also does not fine or filter the wine prior to bottling. [2]

The 2001 vintage of 1,721 bottles received mixed reviews. While some wine critics praised the concentrated flavors, red fruit and spice aromas, others criticized the wine for being overly tannic and phenolic and needing many years of bottle aging before being ready to be consumed. [2]

Most of the bottles from the Villa dei Misteri project are auctioned off with the proceeds going to fund continual research at Pompeii and other historical viticulture sites in Campania. [2]

Grape vine preservation

Piedirosso Piedirosso.jpg
Piedirosso

During World War II, much of southern Italy's vineyards were devastated by the Italian Campaign. In addition to set backs during the previous world war, the Italian diaspora and the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century, many of the ancient grape varieties that were brought to the main land from ancient Greek settlers and cultivated during Roman times were at risk of extinction. Beginning with Antonio Mastroberardino, the tenth generation of his family to make wine, the Mastroberardino family have worked with ampelographers to identify and preserve these ancient Campania grape varieties including Aglianico, Fiano, Greco, Piedirosso and Sciascinoso. [2] [15]

Viticulture and wines

At Mastroberardino, yields at harvest are often much lower than what is permitted under denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) and denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG) wine laws. [1] (for example, in Taurasi yields can be as high as 10 tonnes/hectare and 14 tonnes/ha in the Aversa DOC). [16] While several vineyards in the area are seeing the slow introduction of international varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, the vineyards of Mastroberardino are almost completely planted with native Campanian varieties such as Greco, Aglianico, Fiano and Coda di Volpe. [11]

Many of Mastroberardino reds, such as the Aglianico for Taurasi, are aged in oak barrels for one to three years prior to release. [1] While many Taurasi wines include blended portions of Barbera, Sangiovese and Piedirosso, Mastroberardino is one of the few producers who make their DOCG wine as a 100% varietal Aglianico. The winery also makes extensive use of soft pressing and often ferments their reds at cooler temperatures than other wineries. The white wines of Mastroberardino, including their Fiano wines, often will see some oak aging though for far less of a period than the reds. [9]

Sciascinoso Sciascinoso grape.jpg
Sciascinoso

According to wine experts Joe Bastianich and David Lynch, the Taurasi wines from Mastroberardino have been called the "Barolos of the south" due to their strong tannic character and earthy, tar-like aromas that over time can develop into notes of cigar boxes, leather and tea leaves. In the hilly inland province of Avellino where the wine is grown, some aspects of the climate are more similar to the continental climate of the Piedmont wine region than to the Mediterranean climate of the coastal region of Campania near Naples contributing to the parallels between the two wines. [11]

In addition to its DOCG Taurasi wine, Mastroberardino also produces several other Campanian DOC and indicazione geografica tipica (IGT) wines as well as passito and grappa. Among the wines they produce include Lacryma Christi, Fiano di Avellino, Falanghina from the Irpinia DOC and Greco di Tufo. [8] Additionally they produce the Villa dei Misteri rosso wine from Pompeiano IGT from vineyards located within ancient excavation of the ancient city of Pompeii. [17]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbera</span> Variety of grape

Barbera is a red Italian wine grape variety that, as of 2000, was the third most-planted red grape variety in Italy. It produces good yields and is known for deep color, full body, low tannins and high levels of acidity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carménère</span> Variety of grape

The Carménère grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to produce deep red wines and occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as Petit Verdot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aglianico</span> Variety of grape

Aglianico is a black grape grown in the southern regions of Italy, mostly Basilicata and Campania. It is considered with Sangiovese and Nebbiolo to be one of the three greatest Italian varieties. Aglianico is sometimes called "The Barolo of the South" due to its ability to produce highly refined, complex fine wines like the famous wine from Piedmont, Barolo.

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Fiano may refer to:

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuscan wine</span> Notable wine region in Italy

Tuscan wine is Italian wine from the Tuscany region. Located in central Italy along the Tyrrhenian coast, Tuscany is home to some of the world's most notable wine regions. Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano are primarily made with Sangiovese grape whereas the Vernaccia grape is the basis of the white Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Tuscany is also known for the dessert wine Vin Santo, made from a variety of the region's grapes. Tuscany has forty-one Denominazioni di origine controllata (DOC) and eleven Denominazioni di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG). In the 1970s a new class of wines known in the trade as "Super Tuscans" emerged. These wines were made outside DOC/DOCG regulations but were considered of high quality and commanded high prices. Many of these wines became cult wines. In the reformation of the Italian classification system many of the original Super Tuscans now qualify as DOC or DOCG wines but some producers still prefer the declassified rankings or to use the Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) classification of Toscana. Tuscany has six sub-categories of IGT wines today.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiano (grape)</span> Variety of grape

Fiano is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Campania region of southern Italy and on the island of Sicily. In Campania, this fairly strong flavored white wine grape is particularly noted around Avellino where the Denominazione di origine controllata e Garantita (DOCG) wine of Fiano di Avellino is produced. The grape has a long history in the Campanian region and is believed to have been the grape behind the ancient Roman wine Apianum. Even today, the name Apianum is permitted to appear on wine labels of the DOCG wine Fiano di Avellino.

Abrusco is a red Italian wine grape variety grown primarily in the Tuscany region where it is a minor blending component permitted in the wines of Chianti. The grape has long history in the region and was mentioned in 1600, under its synonyms Abrostino and Colore, in the posthumously published work by Italian agronomist Giovan Vettorio Soderini Trattato della coltivazione delle viti, e del frutto che se ne può cavare. There Soderini notes that the grape was often used to add deeper, more red color to Tuscan wines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brachetto d'Acqui</span> Geographically protected Italian wine

Brachetto d'Acqui is a red Italian wine that is classified as a Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) since 1996 and previously a Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) region since 1969. It is produced in the Piedmont wine region around Acqui Terme in the province of Alessandria with some overlap into the province of Asti. The wine is produced from the Brachetto grape, a variety that is believed to be native to Piedmont, and can be still or sparkling with usually some sweetness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pecorino (grape)</span> Variety of grape

Pecorino is a white Italian wine grape variety that grows in the Marche, Abruzzo, Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio regions of Italy. Ampelographers believe that the grape is likely native to Marche, where the soil destined for this cultivation increases every year. This grape variety is used to produce the DOCG wines, like the Offida Pecorino DOCG, and the DOC wines, like the Falerio dei Colli Ascolani, the Colli Maceratesi and the Falerio dei Colli Ascolani.

Barbera del Sannio is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Campania region of southern Italy. Despite the similarities in name and appearance, the grape has no close genetic relationship with the Piedmont wine grapes Barbera or Barbera bianca or the Sardinian wine grape Barbera Sarda and is, instead, more closely related to the Campanian varieties Casavecchia and Catalanesca and the Apulian grape Nero di Troia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 J. Gordon (ed) Opus Vino pg 551, DK Publishing New York 2010. ISBN   978-0-7566-6751-1.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 G. Harding "A Wine Miscellany" pgs 23-25, Clarkson Potter Publishing, New York 2005. ISBN   0-307-34635-8.
  3. ↑ J. Robinson Vines, Grapes & Wines pg 242 Mitchell Beazley 1986. ISBN   1-85732-999-6.
  4. ↑ H. Johnson Vintage: The Story of Wine pg 73 Simon and Schuster 1989. ISBN   0-671-68702-6.
  5. ↑ "World Briefing | Europe: Italy: Pompeii's Wine". The New York Times. 2003-05-02. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  6. ↑ Bruce Johnston "Experts recreate the Pompeii wine praised by Pliny"The Telegraph April 24th, 2003
  7. 1 2 M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy Italian Wines for Dummies pg 206-208 Hungry Minds 2001. ISBN   0-7645-5355-0.
  8. 1 2 K. Gargett, P. Forrestal, & C. Fallis The Encyclopedic Atlas of Wine pg 316 Global Book Publishing 2004. ISBN   1-74048-050-3.
  9. 1 2 V. Hazan Italian Wine pgs 61, 208-211 Random House Publishing, 1982. ISBN   0-394-50266-3.
  10. 1 2 Mastroberardino "Since 130 years in this world" Official Site. Accessed: November 9th, 2012
  11. 1 2 3 4 J. Bastianich & D. Lynch Vino Italiano pgs 293-298 Crown Publishing 2005. ISBN   1-4000-9774-6.
  12. ↑ Alessandra Rizzo "Pompeii drinks to Future"The Telegraph-Herald May 5th, 2003
  13. ↑ Archives "What Pompeians Drank in the Last Days"The New York Times May 14th 1997
  14. ↑ Robert Kirtland "A Trip to the Past: The Wines of Pompeii"Toledo Blade October 1st, 2002
  15. ↑ Gord Stimmell "Great mineral-rich wines flow from volcanic soils"The Toronto Star November 18th, 2011
  16. ↑ P. Saunders Wine Label Language pp. 124 &205 and Firefly Books 2004. ISBN   1-55297-720-X.
  17. ↑ Mastroberardino "Our Wines Archived 2012-07-13 at the Wayback Machine " Official Site. Accessed: November 9th, 2012

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