The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation. Based in Montgomery,Alabama,it is known for its legal cases against white supremacist groups,for its classification of hate groups and other extremist organizations,and for promoting tolerance education programs. The SPLC was founded by Morris Dees,Joseph J. Levin Jr.,and Julian Bond in 1971 as a civil rights law firm in Montgomery.
A hate group is a social group that advocates and practices hatred,hostility,or violence towards members of a race,ethnicity,nation,religion,gender,gender identity,sexual orientation,or any other designated sector of society. According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),a hate group's "primary purpose is to promote animosity,hostility,and malice against persons belonging to a race,religion,disability,sexual orientation,or ethnicity/national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization."
VDARE is an American far-right website promoting opposition to immigration to the United States. It is associated with white supremacy,white nationalism,and the alt-right. Anti-Immigration in the United States:A Historical Encyclopedia describes VDARE as "one of the most prolific anti-immigration media outlets in the United States" and states that it is "broadly concerned with race issues in the United States". Established in 1999,the website's editor is Peter Brimelow,who once stated that "whites built American culture" and that "it is at risk from non-whites who would seek to change it".
The Hammerskins are a neo-Nazi group formed in 1988 in Dallas,Texas. Their primary focus is the production and promotion of white power rock music,and many white power bands have been affiliated with the group. The Hammerskins were affiliated with the record label 9% Productions. The Hammerskins host several annual concerts,including Hammerfest,an annual event in both the United States and Europe in honor of deceased Hammerskin Joe Rowan,the lead singer of the band Nordic Thunder.
Les Identitaires,formerly the Bloc identitaire,is an Identitarian nationalist movement in France. Like the French New Right,some generally consider the movement far-right or sometimes as a syncretic mixture of multiple ideologies across the political spectrum.
Radicalization is the process by which an individual or a group comes to adopt increasingly radical views in opposition to a political,social,or religious status quo. The ideas of society at large shape the outcomes of radicalization. Radicalization can result in both violent and nonviolent action –academic literature focuses on radicalization into violent extremism (RVE) or radicalisation leading to acts of terrorism. Multiple separate pathways can promote the process of radicalization,which can be independent but are usually mutually reinforcing.
Maajid Usman Nawaz is a British activist and former radio presenter. He was the founding chairman of the think tank Quilliam. Until January 2022,he was the host of an LBC radio show on Saturdays and Sundays. Born in Southend-on-Sea,Essex,to a British Pakistani family,Nawaz is a former member of the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir. His membership led to his December 2001 arrest in Egypt,where he remained imprisoned until 2006. While there,he read books about human rights and made contact with Amnesty International who adopted him as a prisoner of conscience. He left Hizb-ut-Tahrir in 2007,renounced his Islamist past,and called for a secular Islam. Later,Nawaz co-founded Quilliam with former Islamists,including Ed Husain.
The Clarion Project is an American nonprofit organization based in Washington,D.C. that was founded in 2006. The organization has been involved in the production and distribution of the films Obsession:Radical Islam's War Against the West,The Third Jihad:Radical Islam's Vision For America and Iranium. These films have been criticized by some for allegedly falsifying information and described as anti-Muslim propaganda. The organization publishes a weekly "Extremism Roundup" newsletter.
Owen Smith,known professionally as Owen Benjamin,is an American conspiracy theorist and internet personality known for promoting white supremacy,antisemitism,homophobia,and neo-Nazism. He was a stand-up comedian and actor who had roles in mainstream film and television between 2008 and 2015.
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL),formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith,is a New York–based international non-governmental organization that was founded to combat antisemitism,bigotry and discrimination. ADL is also known for its pro-Israel advocacy. Its current CEO is Jonathan Greenblatt. ADL headquarters are located in Murray Hill,in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The ADL has 25 regional offices in the United States including a Government Relations Office in Washington,D.C.,as well as an office in Israel and staff in Europe. In its 2019 annual information Form 990,ADL reported total revenues of $92 million,the vast majority from contributions and grants. Its total operating revenue is reported at $80.9 million.
Matthew Warren Heimbach is an American white supremacist and neo-Nazi. He has attempted to form alliances between several far-right extremist groups.
The Proud Boys is a North American far-right,neo-fascist militant organization that promotes and engages in political violence. The group's leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the federal government of the United States,including its constitutionally-prescribed transfer of presidential power. It has been called a street gang and was designated as a terrorist group in Canada and New Zealand. The Proud Boys are opposed to left-wing and progressive groups and support Donald Trump,the former president of the United States. While Proud Boys leadership has denied being a white supremacist organization,the group and some of its members have been connected to white supremacist events,ideologies,and other white-power groups throughout its existence.
Laura Elizabeth Loomer is an American far-right political activist,conspiracy theorist,and internet personality. She was the Republican nominee to represent Florida's 21st congressional district in the 2020 United States House of Representatives elections,losing to Democrat Lois Frankel. She also ran in the Republican primary for Florida's 11th congressional district in 2022,losing to incumbent Daniel Webster.
Antifa is a left-wing anti-fascist and anti-racist political movement in the United States. It consists of a highly decentralized array of autonomous groups that use nonviolent direct action,incivility,or violence to achieve their aims. Antifa political activism includes non-violent methods such as poster and flyer campaigns,mutual aid,speeches,protest marches,and community organizing. Some who identify as antifa also use tactics involving digital activism,doxing,harassment,physical violence,and property damage. Supporters of the movement aim to combat far-right extremists,including neo-Nazis and white supremacists.
Nicholas Joseph Fuentes is an American far-right political pundit and live streamer who promotes white supremacist and antisemitic views. A former YouTuber,his channel was permanently terminated in February 2020 for violating YouTube's hate speech policy. Fuentes has promoted conspiracy theories against Jewish people,denied the Holocaust,and called for a "holy war" against Jews. He has been described as a neo-Nazi by various sources. Fuentes identifies as a member of the incel movement,a supporter of authoritarianism,and as a Catholic integralist and Christian nationalist.
Martina Renner is a German politician of The Left who has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013 and one of six deputy leaders of her party since 2018.
The boogaloo movement,whose adherents are often referred to as boogaloo boys or boogaloo bois,is a loosely organized far-right anti-government extremist movement in the United States. It has also been described as a militia. Adherents say they are preparing for,or seek to incite,a second American Civil War or second American Revolution which they call "the boogaloo" or "the boog".
DLive is an American video live streaming service which was founded in 2017. It was purchased by BitTorrent in 2019. Due to the site's lax enforcement of prohibited content guidelines,DLive has become a popular alternative to YouTube and Twitch among white nationalists,conspiracy theorists,neo-Nazis,and other extremists. The site is also used by gamers as an alternative to Twitch.
Alt-tech is a collection of social networking services and Internet service providers popular among the alt-right,far-right,and others who espouse extremism or fringe theories,typically because they employ looser content moderation than mainstream platforms. The term "alt-tech" is a portmanteau of "alt-right" and "Big Tech". In the 2010s,some prominent conservatives and their supporters began to use alt-tech platforms because they had been banned from other social media platforms. Alt-tech platforms describe themselves as protectors of free speech and individual liberty,which researchers and journalists have alleged may be a dog whistle for antisemitism and terrorism.
Paul Nicholas Miller,better known as GypsyCrusader,is an American white supremacist internet personality. Described as antisemitic and racist by various advocacy groups and the United States Department of Justice,he frequently broadcasts himself on the internet cosplaying as various contemporary popular culture personas. In June 2021,Miller pleaded guilty to charges related to unlawful possession of a firearm and ammunition,leading to a 41-month-long imprisonment. He is known to have cosplayed as the Joker,the Riddler,Mario,and others while video chatting with strangers on the now defunct website Omegle. He is known for his advocacy for a race war,espousing white supremacy and neo-Nazism. He has been tied to multiple alt-right and far-right organizations,including the Proud Boys and the Boogaloo movement.
