Mersey Monoplane

Last updated

Mersey Monoplane
Role Experimental aircraft
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Planes Limited
Designer Robert C Fenwick/Sydney T Swaby
First flight Late 1911
Number built 1

The Mersey Monoplane was a prototype two-seat British pusher configuration monoplane of the early 1910s. A single example was built and entered into the 1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition but crashed during the trials and was destroyed.

Pusher configuration arrangement of propellers on an aircraft to face rearward

In a vehicle with a pusher configuration, the propeller(s) are mounted behind their respective engine(s). According to British aviation author Bill Gunston, a "pusher propeller" is one mounted behind the engine, so that the drive shaft is in compression.

Monoplane Fixed-wing aircraft with a single main wing plane

A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with a single main wing plane, in contrast to a biplane or other multiplane, each of which has multiple planes.

1912 British Military Aeroplane Competition

In 1911 the British War Office announced their first Military Aeroplane Competition for aircraft to meet the requirements of the newly formed Royal Flying Corps. The formal requirements were published in December 1911. The trials were held in August 1912 at Larkhill on Salisbury Plain, and the competition was won by S. F. Cody with his Cody V biplane.

Contents

Design and development

In 1909, W P Thompson of Formby, Lancashire set up Planes Limited to develop his ideas for aeroplane design, commissioning Frederick Handley Page to build a pusher configuration biplane based on his ideas, the Handley Page Type B, with much of the detailed design work for the Type B was carried out by Handley Page or by Thompson's assistant, Robert C Fenwick. Early testing of the Type B proved unsuccessful, and Handley Page abandoned the aircraft unflown. After further modification by Fenwick at Planes Limited's works at Freshfield, Formby, the aircraft flew successfully in November 1910. [1] [2]

Formby civil parish and town within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England

Formby is a civil parish and town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England, which had a population of 22,419 at the 2011 Census.

Frederick Handley Page British aerospace engineer

Sir Frederick Handley Page, CBE, FRAeS was an English industrialist who was a pioneer in the aircraft industry and became known as the father of the heavy bomber.

Biplane airplane wing configuration with two vertically stacked main flying surfaces

A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane, it produces more drag than a similar unbraced or cantilever monoplane wing. Improved structural techniques, better materials and the quest for greater speed made the biplane configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s.

Fenwick and Sydney T Swabey designed a second aircraft for Planes Limited in 1911, this being a single-engined pusher monoplane powered by a 45 hp (34 kW) Isaacson radial engine, which was mounted in the aircraft's nose, driving a two-bladed propeller by a long extension shaft. The pilot and passenger sat side-by side in the fuselage nacelle, which was mounted below the aircraft's wing, with the propeller shaft passing between them. The tail surfaces were carried on two steel tube booms, while the aircraft's undercarriage consisted of two mainwheels and long skids designed to prevent the aircraft turning over onto its nose in the event of a rough landing. [3] [4]

Radial engine reciprocating engine with cylinders arranged radially from a single crankshaft

The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is called a "star engine" in some languages. The radial configuration was commonly used for aircraft engines before gas turbine engines became predominant.

The remains of Fenwick's aircraft after the crash. Aviation in Britain Before the First World War RAE-O844.jpg
The remains of Fenwick's aircraft after the crash.

The monoplane first flew in late 1911. [1] In April 1912, Fenwick and Swabey set up their own company, The Mersey Aeroplane Company, purchasing the monoplane from Planes Limited and continuing to operate from their works at Freshfield. It was flown frequently in the spring of 1912, often carrying passengers, including the 70-year-old Thompson, who was believed to be the oldest person to have flown at that time. [3] [5]

The monoplane crashed in the summer of 1912, but was rebuilt by Fenwick with the intent of entering it into the Military Trials which were to take place in August that year. The rebuilt aircraft had longer-span wings, larger tail surfaces and shorter tail booms, but retained the Isaacson radial engine. [6]

The rebuilt aircraft flew successfully at Larkhill as part of the trials on 9 and 11 August, but when carrying out a third flight on 13 August in gusty weather conditions, dived into the ground from a height of about 200 feet (60 metres), killing Fenwick. [6] [7] The accident was investigated by the Royal Aero Club, and was blamed on instability of the aircraft causing Fenwick to lose control when it was caught in a powerful gust of wind. [8]

Royal Aero Club

The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for air sport in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1901 as the Aero Club of Great Britain, being granted the title of the "Royal Aero Club" in 1910.

Specifications

Data from The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing) [6]

General characteristics

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 55 mph (89 km/h; 48 kn)
  • Endurance: 6 hours

Notes

  1. 1 2 Bruce 1982, p. 31.
  2. Barnes 1976, pp. 64–65.
  3. 1 2 Bruce 1982, pp. 31–32.
  4. Flight 17 August 1912, pp. 755–756.
  5. Flight 18 May 1912, p. 448.
  6. 1 2 3 Bruce 1982, p. 32.
  7. Flight 17 August 1912, p. 756.
  8. Flight 21 September 1912, p. 852.
  9. 1 2 Lewis 1962, p.365.

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References