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 Mexico |  Netherlands |
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Mexico and the Netherlands have maintained diplomatic relations since 1821. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
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Mexico | Netherlands |
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Mexico and the Netherlands have maintained diplomatic relations since 1821. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The Netherlands was the second European country to recognize Mexico soon after gaining independence from Spain in 1821. That same year, the Netherlands began transporting goods between Mexico and Europe as the Netherlands was seen as a "neutral" nation during disputes between France and Spain. [1] In 1825, Mexico named a consul-general in Amsterdam. In 1826, the Netherlands appointed a consul-general in Mexico City. [1] Diplomatic relations were officially established between both nations on 15 June 1827 with the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce. [2] In 1828, Mexico opened a resident diplomatic mission in The Hague [1] and soon after, a representative office as well. [1]
Between 1864 - 1878, diplomatic relations were suspended by Mexican President Benito Juárez after the Dutch government recognized the government of Emperor Maximilian I in Mexico by French occupational forces of Emperor Napoleon III. This period was known as the Second Mexican Empire. [3] In 1940, the Mexican legation in The Hague was closed as a result of the Second World War and was re-opened in 1946. In May 1954, both nations elevated their diplomatic representations to embassies, respectively. [3] In 1963, President Adolfo López Mateos became the first Mexican head-of-state to visit the Netherlands.[ citation needed ] In 1964, Dutch Queen Juliana paid an official visit to Mexico, becoming the first Dutch monarch to visit the country. In November 2009, Queen Beatrix also paid an official visit to Mexico. [4]
In 2018, both nations celebrated 190 years of friendship. [1] That same year, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto paid an official visit to the Netherlands to celebrate the anniversary. In 2017, the Netherlands Business Support Office (NBSO) opened a trade office in Querétaro City to promote trade relations between central Mexico and the Netherlands. [2] ProMéxico also opened an office in The Hague to promote and increase trade between both nations. [2]
High-level visits from Mexico to the Netherlands
High-level visits from the Netherlands to Mexico
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreement such as an Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce (1827); Extradition Treaty (1907); Trade Agreement (1950); Treaty for Cultural Relations (1964); Air Transportation Agreement (1971); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Taxes on Income (1993); Agreement for the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (1998); Agreement between Mexico and the Netherlands in relation to the Netherlands Antilles on the Exchange of Information on Tax Matters (2009) and an Agreement between Mexico and Netherlands, with respect to Aruba, for the Exchange of Information with Respect for Taxes (2013). [5]
In 2017, 75,000 Dutch citizens visited Mexico for tourism. [2] There are direct flights between both nations with the following airlines: Aeroméxico, KLM and TUI fly Netherlands.
In 1997, Mexico signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (which includes the Netherlands). In 2017, total trade between the two nations amounted to US$5 billion. [6] Mexico's main exports to the Netherlands include: machines and apparatus; crude oil; memory units; control units or adapters; motors for elevators; avocados and fruit juices. The Netherlands main exports to Mexico include: gasoline, ether, foundry manufactures; and dairy products. [2] The Netherlands is the fifth largest foreign investor in Mexico. Between 1999 and 2018, the Netherlands invested US$20 billion in Mexico. [2] Several Dutch companies operate in Mexico such as C&A, Heineken, Philips and Rabobank (among others). Mexican multinational company Cemex operates in the Netherlands. [2]
The nations of Canada and Mexico established formal diplomatic relations in 1944. Initially, ties between the two nations were dormant, but since the 1990s relations between Canada and Mexico have positively developed as both countries brokered NAFTA.
The nations of Greece and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1938. Early Greek migration to Mexico contributed to the industrial agricultural development of the North-Western Pacific state of Sinaloa. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Chile and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1831, however, relations were severed in 1974 in the aftermath of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1990 and have continued unabated since.
The nations of Belgium and Mexico established contact in 1836, when Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico, however, diplomatic relations were officially established between both nations in 1861. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Argentina and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1888. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Brazil and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1825. Together, Brazil and Mexico account as the most populous nations in Latin America and both nations have the largest global emerging economies and are considered to be regional powers. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and the United Kingdom formally established diplomatic relations in 1826. However, diplomatic relations were severed in 1861 after Mexico suspended payments on its foreign debt to the U.K. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1864 when the U.K. recognized Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. After the death of the Emperor and the restoration of democracy in Mexico in 1867, relations were once again severed between both nations.
The nations of Finland and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1936. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
India and Mexico have had contact since the 1500s, but formal diplomatic relations were first established in 1950. Both nations are members of the G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
The nations of Denmark and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1827. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Mexican States were established in 1972. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
Mexico and the Philippines share a common history dating from when the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled the Spanish East Indies for the Spanish Crown. Formal relations between the modern countries were established in 1953. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
The nations of Germany and Mexico first established formal diplomatic relations in 1879, following the unification of Germany. In 1917, the German Empire proposed a World War I alliance with Mexico against the United States in the Zimmermann Telegram before it was foiled by British intelligence agents. The two nations were twice on the opposite sides of 20th century conflicts: first in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and later during World War II from 1942 to 1945. Mexico established relations with both halves of partitioned Germany in 1952 and maintained the relationship through the German reunification in 1990.
The nations of Mexico and Peru established diplomatic relations in 1823. Diplomatic relations were briefly cut in 1932 and reinstated again in 1933. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Lima Group, Organization of Ibero-American States, Organization of American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.
The nations of Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both nations view their counterpart as strategic partners in each other's regions; Indonesia in Southeast Asia and Mexico in Latin America. Both nations are mutual members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, Group of 15, G20, MIKTA, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
The nations of Mexico and Sweden established diplomatic relations in 1885. Both members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Japan and Mexico first established formal diplomatic relations in 1888 with the signing of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation between both nations. This agreement was Japan's first "equal" treaty with any country; which overshadows Tokugawa Ieyasu's pre-Edo period initiatives which sought to establish official relations with New Spain in Mexico.
The nations of Mexico and Poland first established formal diplomatic relations in 1928, however, the two states interacted non-officially before then. As early as 1519, King Sigismund I of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became aware of Mexico from messages with his envoy in Spain, Jan Dantyszek, who corresponded with Hernán Cortés during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. Several Polish migrants began to migrate to New Spain. The first waves of Polish migrants to Mexico commenced in 1830 as well as the beginning of the 20th century due to various circumstances affecting Poland at the time such as insurrections, partitions and the two World Wars.
The nations of Mexico and Switzerland established diplomatic relations in 1945, however, both nations had established official contact in 1827. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Panama established diplomatic relations in 1904. Both nations are mutual members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Organization of American States.
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