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During Operation Arc Light from 1965 to 1973, the United States Air Force deployed B-52F Stratofortresses from bases in the U.S. Territory of Guam to provide battlefield air interdiction during the Vietnam War. This included strikes at enemy bases, supply routes, and behind the lines troop concentrations, as well as occasionally providing close air support directly to ground combat operations in Vietnam.
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The Fort Lewis Six were six U.S. Army enlisted men at the Fort Lewis Army base in the Seattle and Tacoma, Washington area who in June 1970 refused orders to the Vietnam War and were then courts-martialed. They had all applied for conscientious objector status and been turned down by the Pentagon. The Army then ordered them to report for assignment to Vietnam, which they all refused. The Army responded by charging them with "willful disobedience" which carried a maximum penalty of five years at hard labor. The six soldiers were Private First Class Manuel Perez, a Cuban refugee; Private First Class Paul A. Forest, a British citizen from Liverpool; Specialist 4 Carl M. Dix Jr. from Baltimore; Private James B. Allen from Goldsboro, North Carolina; Private First Class Lawrence Galgano from Brooklyn, New York; and Private First Class Jeffrey C. Griffith from Vaughn, Washington. According to the local GI underground newspaper at Fort Lewis, this was the largest mass refusal of direct orders to Vietnam at the base up to that point in the war. Their refusal and subsequent treatment by the Army received national press coverage.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Bombing Fallout". TIME. January 22, 1973. Archived from the original on March 30, 2007.
- 1 2 3 Sibley, John (17 February 1973). "Ex-pilot of B-52 Firm on Decision". The New York Times . p. 19.
- 1 2 "One Man's Answer". The New York Times. 14 January 1973. p. 220.
- ↑ "ABC Evening News for Thursday, Jan 11, 1973: Vietnam/Heck". Television News Archive. Vanderbilt University.
- ↑ Ripley, Anthony. "Pilot Who Balked Gets A Discharge." New York Times 09 Feb 1973: 73.
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