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Justice, in its broadest sense, is the concept that individuals are to be treated in a manner that is equitable and fair.
Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind. Will is important as one of the parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding. It is considered central to the field of ethics because of its role in enabling deliberate action.
Jan Narveson is professor of philosophy emeritus at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. An anarcho-capitalist and contractarian, Narveson's ideology is deeply influenced by the thought of Robert Nozick and David Gauthier.
Retributive justice is a legal punishment that requires the offender to receive a punishment for a crime proportional and similar to its offense.
Moral skepticism is a class of meta-ethical theories all members of which entail that no one has any moral knowledge. Many moral skeptics also make the stronger, modal claim that moral knowledge is impossible. Moral skepticism is particularly opposed to moral realism: the view that there are knowable and objective moral truths.
A Theory of Justice is a 1971 work of political philosophy and ethics by the philosopher John Rawls (1921–2002) in which the author attempts to provide a moral theory alternative to utilitarianism and that addresses the problem of distributive justice . The theory uses an updated form of Kantian philosophy and a variant form of conventional social contract theory. Rawls's theory of justice is fully a political theory of justice as opposed to other forms of justice discussed in other disciplines and contexts.
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In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, rather than based on the consequences of the action. It is sometimes described as duty-, obligation-, or rule-based ethics. Deontological ethics is commonly contrasted to consequentialism, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and pragmatic ethics. In this terminology, action is more important than the consequences.
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Gerald Allan Cohen, was a Canadian political philosopher who held the positions of Quain Professor of Jurisprudence, University College London and Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, All Souls College, Oxford. He was known for his work on Marxism, and later, egalitarianism and distributive justice in normative political philosophy.
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Robert William Fischer is an American philosopher who specializes in epistemology and ethics. He is an Associate Professor in Philosophy at Texas State University, a Senior Research Manager at Rethink Priorities, and the Director of the Society for the Study of Ethics and Animals. His books include Modal Justification via Theories, in which he defends his account of "Theory-Based Epistemology of Modality", and The Ethics of Eating Animals, in which he argues that animal agriculture is frequently morally impermissible, but that veganism is nonetheless not morally required.
References
- 1 2 Otsuka, Michael (2018). "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). p. 1. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ↑ Otsuka, Michael (1989). Equality, Neutrality, and Prejudice: A Critique of Dworkin's Liberalism (DPhil thesis). Oxford: University of Oxford. OCLC 863344393.
- 1 2 Koza, Jessica D. "Otsuka, Michael". philosophy.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ↑ https://cplb.rutgers.edu/news/michael-otsuka-joins-cplb-september-2022.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ "Libertarianism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2019.
