Michael Polanyi Center

Last updated
Michael Polanyi Center
Formation1999
TypeReligious research for Baylor University
Legal statusMerged with Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning
Headquarters Waco, Texas, United States
Last Director
 Bruce L. Gordon
Website baylor.edu/~polanyi/ (Archived)

The Michael Polanyi Center (MPC) at Baylor University, Texas, was the first center at a research university exclusively dedicated to the principle of intelligent design, primarily to host William Dembski, its director, and Bruce L. Gordon, its assistant director. It was founded in 1999 by Baylor president Robert B. Sloan "with the primary aim of advancing the understanding of the sciences" in a religious context and was named for Michael Polanyi. It was aligned with the Discovery Institute's wedge strategy, and was funded in part by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation via the Discovery Institute. All of the center's research investigated the subject of intelligent design. It hosted a conference in April 2000 that brought the center to the attention of the broader Baylor community as well as the rest of the scholarly world.

Contents

Shortly thereafter Baylor's faculty called for the center to be dissolved. Baylor president Robert B. Sloan rejected the faculty demand, and the confrontation was resolved by agreeing to appoint a committee of people from outside the university. The committee recommended that the center be renamed and placed under the supervision of the existing Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning. Dembski objected and was removed as director in October 2000, and was appointed an associate research professor in the institute, a position he held until he left Baylor in 2005. Gordon was named interim director and the center was renamed the Baylor Science and Religion Project and placed under the supervision of the institute. By 2002, it had been again renamed to the Baylor Center for Science, Philosophy and Religion. By 2003, the MPC itself had been formally dissolved. Gordon left Baylor in 2005 to join the Discovery Institute.

History

Background

Baylor University was founded in 1845 by the Republic of Texas (before Texas Statehood) in Waco, Texas as a Baptist University. [1]

A new Baylor president, Robert B. Sloan was appointed in 1995. Sloan, a New Testament Scholar with a doctorate in theology from the University of Basel, [2] proposed to return the school to its mission of integrating academic excellence and Christian commitment. As a result, the Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning (IFL) was established in 1997.[ citation needed ]

Sloan noted:

Baylor ought to be the kind of place where a student can ask a question and not just get the runaround. He shouldn't have to go to the theology department and be told, "Oh, that's a scientific question. Don't ask me that." And then the student goes to the science department and they tell him, "That's a religious question. Don't ask me that." [3]

William A. Dembski was the center's first director Dembski head shot 2.jpg
William A. Dembski was the center's first director

In 1998 Sloan read an article by mathematician, philosopher and intelligent design advocate William Dembski and was impressed. Sloan invited Dembski to the IFL, whose director Michael Beaty was also impressed by his work and credentials. They learned of Dembski's wish to establish an intelligent design research center at a major US university, which was part of the intelligent design wedge strategy. [4]

As a result in October 1999, Baylor's Michael Polanyi Center was quietly established separately from the IFL and without oversight from any existing academic structures. [5] [6] Dembski's salary was funded by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation via the Discovery Institute. [7] : 306  Dembski named it after the Hungarian scientist and philosopher of science Michael Polanyi (1891–1976). [8] Dembski appointed Bruce L. Gordon as his deputy. [9] Gordon was also appointed as a non-tenured associate research professor in the institute. [10]

The MPC website stated:

The Michael Polanyi Center (MPC) is a cross-disciplinary research and educational initiative focused on advancing the understanding of science. It has a fourfold purpose: (1) to support and pursue research in the history and conceptual foundations of the natural and social sciences; (2) to study the impact of contemporary science on the humanities and the arts; (3) to be an active participant in the growing dialogue between science and religion; and (4) to pursue the mathematical development and empirical application of design-theoretic concepts in the natural sciences. [11]

"The Nature of Nature"

Between April 12 and April 15, 2000 the Center held a conference entitled "The Nature of Nature," jointly sponsored by the Discovery Institute and the John Templeton Foundation. [9] Critics of intelligent design within the scientific community were split as to whether to attend. They thought that the conference might give ID more academic credibility, something it lacks, and that it would be used for propaganda by the ID movement and the Christian press. Nevertheless, the conference attracted a variety of scientists, theologians and philosophers, including Alan Guth, John Searle, Christian de Duve, and Nobel Prize-winner Steven Weinberg.

The conference brought things to a head[ clarification needed ] and, as a result, on April 18 the Faculty Senate voted 27–2 for the center to be abolished. This call was rejected by Sloan on April 20, who commented:

I believe there are matters of intellectual and academic integrity at stake here … We should not be afraid to ask questions, even if they are politically incorrect [12]

A compromise was later reached to form an independent committee to review the center, consisting of eight faculty members from across the country to be chaired by the Professor of Philosophy William F. Cooper.[ citation needed ]

The committee met between September 8 and September 10. On October 17 the committee released its report. Although it recommended that there should be a place for the study of intelligent design, it recommended that the center be renamed and reconstituted within Baylor's Institute for Faith and Learning. This was seen as a compromise between the two sides and an attempt to defuse the row that had developed. [13]

Aftermath

On October 18 Dembski responded to the report with a press release/email:

The report marks the triumph of intelligent design as a legitimate form of academic inquiry. This is a great day for academic freedom. I'm deeply grateful to President Sloan and Baylor University for making this possible, as well as to the peer review committee for its unqualified affirmation of my own work on intelligent design. The scope of the Center will be expanded to embrace a broader set of conceptual issues at the intersection of science and religion, and the Center will therefore receive a new name to reflect this expanded vision. My work on intelligent design will continue unabated. Dogmatic opponents of design who demanded the Center be shut down have met their Waterloo. Baylor University is to be commended for remaining strong in the face of intolerant assaults on freedom of thought and expression. [14]

In reaction to Dembski's response, Baylor removed Dembski as director and he was made an untenured associate research professor in "conceptual foundations of science" in Baylor's Institute for Faith and Learning. He held that position until he left Baylor in May 2005. [15] [16]

Gordon was named interim director and by 2001 the center had been renamed The Baylor Science and Religion Project and placed under the institute. [7] : 378  [17] By 2002 it had been again renamed to the Baylor Center for Science, Philosophy and Religion, still with Gordon at its head. [18] [19] By 2003 the MPC had been formally dissolved. [20] Gordon left Baylor in 2005 to join the Discovery Institute. [21]

Related Research Articles

Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". Proponents claim that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." ID is a form of creationism that lacks empirical support and offers no testable or tenable hypotheses, and is therefore not science. The leading proponents of ID are associated with the Discovery Institute, a Christian, politically conservative think tank based in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William A. Dembski</span> American mathematician and proponent of intelligent design

William Albert Dembski is an American mathematician, philosopher and theologian. He was a proponent of intelligent design (ID) pseudoscience, specifically the concept of specified complexity, and was a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC). On September 23, 2016, he officially retired from intelligent design, resigning all his "formal associations with the ID community, including [his] Discovery Institute fellowship of 20 years". A February 2021 interview in the CSC's blog Evolution News announced "his return to the intelligent design arena".

Phillip E. Johnson was an American legal scholar who was the Jefferson E. Peyser Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an opponent of evolutionary science, co-founder of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC), and one of the co-founders of the intelligent design movement, along with William Dembski and Michael Behe. Johnson described himself as "in a sense the father of the intelligent design movement".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Center for Science and Culture</span> Part of the Discovery Institute

The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute (DI), a conservative Christian think tank in the United States. The CSC lobbies for the inclusion of creationism in the form of intelligent design (ID) in public-school science curricula as an explanation for the origins of life and the universe while trying to cast doubt on the theory of evolution. These positions have been rejected by many in the scientific community, which identifies intelligent design as pseudoscientific neo-creationism, whereas the theory of evolution is the accepted scientific consensus.

The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. The Encyclopædia Britannica explains that ID cannot be empirically tested and that it fails to solve the problem of evil; thus, it is neither sound science nor sound theology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen C. Meyer</span> American author, educator and advocate of intelligent design creationism

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wedge strategy</span> Creationist political and social agenda

The Wedge Strategy is a creationist political and social agenda authored by the Discovery Institute, the hub of the pseudoscientific intelligent design movement. The strategy was presented in a Discovery Institute internal memorandum known as the Wedge Document. Its goal is to change American culture by shaping public policy to reflect politically conservative fundamentalist evangelical Protestant values. The wedge metaphor is attributed to Phillip E. Johnson and depicts a metal wedge splitting a log.

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References

  1. ↑ Founders Day Archived 2011-11-27 at the Wayback Machine , Baylor University
  2. ↑ "Baylor University – Robert B. Sloan, Jr". Archived from the original on 2010-08-01. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
  3. ↑ Heeren, Fred (15 November 2000). "The Lynching of Bill Dembski". The American Spectator. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Gross, Barbara (3 December 2008). "The Wedge at Work". NCSE.
  5. ↑ Professors debate legitimacy of Polanyi
  6. ↑ "Polyani Center's future is unclear". Archived from the original on 2003-07-14. Retrieved 2003-07-14.
  7. 1 2 Forrest, Barbara; Gross, Paul R. (2007). Creationism's Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780195319736.
  8. ↑ "Michael Polanyi". Archived from the original on 2000-04-08. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
  9. 1 2 Phy-Olsen, Allene (2010). Evolution, Creationism, and Intelligent Design. Westport: Greenwood. pp. 70–71. ISBN   978-0-313-37841-6.
  10. ↑ Smith, Christie (September 29, 1999). "Discussion group focuses on science's relationship to religion". The Lariat.
  11. ↑ "Michael Polanyi Center". Archived from the original on 2000-08-16. Retrieved 2005-01-24.
  12. ↑ Schmeltekopf, Donald D. (2015). Baylor at the Crossroads: Memoirs of a Provost. Eugene: Cascade Books. p. 77. ISBN   9781498231763 . Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  13. ↑ "The External Review Committee Report, Baylor University" (PDF). 2000-10-16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  14. ↑ A copy of Dembski's first press release [usurped]
  15. ↑ Briggs, Brad; Maalou, Grace (November 27, 2007). "BU had role in Dembski return". Baylor Lariat.
  16. ↑ "Press release: Dembski Relieved Of Duties As Polanyi Center Director". Baylor University. 19 October 2000.
  17. ↑ Gordon, Bruce (January 2001). "Intelligent Design Movement Struggles with Identity Crisis". Research News & Opportunities in Science and Theology. John Templeton Foundation: 9.
  18. ↑ "Press release: Baylor To Be Site Of High-Profile Academic Conferences". Media Communications | Baylor University. 24 September 2002.
  19. ↑ Forrest, Barbara; Branch, Glenn (2005). "Wedging Creationism into the Academy". Academe. 91 (1): 36–41. doi:10.2307/40252735. JSTOR   40252735. S2CID   141766477.
  20. ↑ Darden, Van; Horton, Josh (April 19, 2006). "Baylor not immune to scholarly feud over origin of life". The Lariat.
  21. ↑ "Bruce L. Gordon". LinkedIn. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
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