The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington,D.C.,the USHMM provides for the documentation,study,and interpretation of Holocaust history. It is dedicated to helping leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred,prevent genocide,promote human dignity,and strengthen democracy.
The Maafa,the African Holocaust,the Holocaust of Enslavement,or the Black Holocaust are political neologisms popularized since 1988 to describe the history and ongoing effects of atrocities inflicted upon Black people worldwide. Of particular focus are those committed by non-Africans,which continue to the present day through imperialism,colonialism and other forms of oppression.
Dominick LaCapra is an American-born historian of European intellectual history,best known for his work in intellectual history and trauma studies. He served as the Bryce and Edith M. Bowmar Professor of Humanistic Studies at Cornell University,where he is now a professor emeritus.
Randolph Lewis Braham was an American historian and political scientist,born in Romania,Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the City College and The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. A specialist in comparative politics and the Holocaust,he was a founding board member of the academic committee of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM),Washington,D.C.,and founded The Rosenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies at the Graduate Center in 1979.
Historical trauma or collective trauma refers to the cumulative emotional harm of an individual or generation caused by a traumatic experience or event.
The Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory is an interdisciplinary program developed within the Graduate College and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It works to promote conversations among a range of departments in the humanities,social sciences,and performing arts by organizing lectures,panel discussions,and conferences,as well as a yearly series of lectures on Modern Critical Theory. The unit is one of several dozen centers around the world devoted to critical theory,and was one of the first to be formally established.
The "double genocide theory" claims that two genocides of equal severity occurred during World War II:it alleges that the Soviet Union committed atrocities against Eastern Europeans that were equivalent in scale and nature to the Holocaust,in which approximately six million Jews were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany. The theory first gained popularity in Lithuania after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991,particularly with regard to discussions about the Holocaust in Lithuania. A more extreme version of the theory is antisemitic and vindicates the actions of Nazi collaborators as retaliatory by accusing Jews of complicity in Soviet repression,especially in Lithuania,eastern Poland,and northern Romania. Scholars have criticized the double genocide theory as a form of Holocaust trivialization.
Armenian genocide in culture includes the ways in which people have represented the Armenian genocide of 1915 in art,literature,music,and films. Furthermore,there are dozens of Armenian genocide memorials around the world. According to historian Margaret Lavinia Anderson,the Armenian genocide had reached an "iconic status" as "the apex of horrors conceivable" prior to World War II.
Thomas Kühne is a German historian. He holds the Strassler Chair for the Study of Holocaust History and is the Director of the 'Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies' at Clark University,Massachusetts. His Research and teaching focuses on genocides and wars in modern European history,especially on Holocaust perpetrators and bystanders;he also engages in the study of masculinities and of body aesthetics.
The Holocaust in the Netherlands was organized by Nazi Germany in occupied Netherlands as part of the Holocaust across Europe during the Second World War. The Nazi occupation in 1940 immediately began disrupting the norms of Dutch society,separating Dutch Jews in multiple ways from the general Dutch population. The Nazis used existing Dutch civil administration as well as the Dutch Jewish Council "as an invaluable means to their end".
The effects of genocide on youth include psychological and demographic effects that affect the transition into adulthood. These effects are also seen in future generations of youth.
Anthony Dirk Moses is an Australian scholar who researches various aspects of genocide. In 2022 he became the Anne and Bernard Spitzer Professor of Political Science at the City College of New York,after having been the Frank Porter Graham Distinguished Professor of Global Human Rights History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a leading scholar of genocide,especially in colonial contexts,as well as of the political development of the concept itself. He is known for coining the term racial century in reference to the period 1850–1950. He is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Genocide Research.
Memory studies is an academic field studying the use of memory as a tool for remembering the past. It emerged as a new and different way for scholars to think about past events at the end of the 20th century. Memory is the past made present and is a contemporary phenomenon,something that,while concerned with the past,happens in the present;and second,that memory is a form of work,working through,labor,or action.
Dr. Faye Venetia Harrison is an American anthropologist. Her research interests include political economy,power,diaspora,human rights,and the intersections of race,gender,and class. She is currently Professor of African American Studies and Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She formerly served as Joint Professor of Anthropology and African American Studies at the University of Florida. Harrison received her BA in Anthropology in 1974 from Brown University,and her MA and PhD in Anthropology from Stanford University in 1977 and 1982,respectively. She has conducted research in the US,UK,and Jamaica. Her scholarly interests have also taken her to Cuba,South Africa,and Japan.
Doris Leanna Bergen is a Canadian academic and Holocaust historian. She is the Chancellor Rose and Ray Wolfe Professor of Holocaust Studies at the University of Toronto,the only endowed chair in Canada in Holocaust history. Bergen is also a member of the Academic Advisory Committee of the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2018.
Sara Reva Horowitz is an American Holocaust literary scholar. She is a professor of Comparative Literature and Humanities and former Director of the Israel and Golda Koschitzky Centre for Jewish Studies at York University. She is also a member of the academic advisory board of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Ann Rigney is an Irish/Dutch cultural scholar and Professor of Comparative Literature at Utrecht University. Her research focuses on the transnational interaction between narrative and cultural memory and is authoritative in the field of Memory Studies.
The imperial boomerang is the thesis that governments that develop repressive techniques to control colonial territories will eventually deploy those same techniques domestically against their own citizens. This concept originates with AiméCésaire in Discourse on Colonialism (1950) where it is called the terrific boomerang to explain the origins of European fascism in the first half of the 20th century. Hannah Arendt agreed with this usage,calling it the boomerang effect in The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951). According to both writers,the methods of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party were not exceptional from a world-wide view because European colonial empires had been killing millions of people worldwide as part of the process of colonization for a very long time. Rather,they were exceptional in that they were applied to Europeans within Europe,rather than to colonized populations in the Global South. It is sometimes called Foucault's boomerang even though Michel Foucault did not originate the term.
The Catechism Debate,also known as Historikerstreit 2.0,is a debate about German Holocaust remembrance initiated by Australian historian A. Dirk Moses with his 2021 essay "The German Catechism". In the debate,Moses challenges the uniqueness of the Holocaust. In May through August of 2021,scholars reacted to Moses's thesis in the New Fascism Syllabus in a series of reflections curated by Jennifer V. Evans.
Charlotte Wiedemann is a German prize-winning journalist and author. She is mainly known for her reports and essays as freelance journalist for German and Swiss-German news media. Based on her frequent travels to African and Middle Eastern countries,she also authored several non-fiction books. In these,she discussed the perception of political events such as the Holocaust and the Nakba,changes in the political situation in Mali,Iran and North Africa,as well as Western domination and White journalists' views on non-White societies.
