Mary Genevieve Gaudron,is an Australian lawyer and judge,who was the first female Justice of the High Court of Australia. She was the Solicitor-General of New South Wales from 1981 until 1987 before her appointment to the High Court. After her retirement in 2002,she joined the International Labour Organization,serving as the President of its Administrative Tribunal from 2011 until 2014.
Ian David Francis Callinan AC KC is a former Justice of the High Court of Australia,the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy.
In Australia,Torts are common law actions for civil wrongs. Unless barred by statute,individuals are entitled to sue other people,or the state;for the purpose of obtaining a legal remedy for the wrong committed.
Sir Harry Talbot Gibbs,was Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1981 to 1987 after serving as a member of the High Court between 1970 and 1981. He was known as one of Australia's leading federalist judges although he presided over the High Court when decisions such as Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen in 1982 and Commonwealth v Tasmania expanded the powers of the Commonwealth at the expense of the states. Gibbs dissented from the majority verdict in both cases. On 3 August 2012,the Supreme Court of Queensland Library opened the Sir Harry Gibbs Legal Heritage Centre. It is the only legal heritage museum of its kind in Queensland and features a permanent exhibition dedicated to the life and legacy of Sir Harry Gibbs.
Australian constitutional law is the area of the law of Australia relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of Australia. Several major doctrines of Australian constitutional law have developed.
John Leslie Toohey,AC,QC was an Australian judge who was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1987 to 1998.
Sir Owen Dixon was an Australian judge and diplomat who served as the sixth Chief Justice of Australia. A judge of the High Court for thirty-five years,Dixon was one of the leading jurists in the English-speaking world and is widely regarded as Australia's greatest-ever jurist.
The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law.
Dietrich v The Queen is a 1992 High Court of Australia constitutional case which established a de facto requirement that legal aid be provided to defendants in serious criminal trials. The Court determined an adjournment ought to be granted in such trials where the accused is without legal representation through no fault of their own and proceeding would result in the trial being unfair. The case is said to have "had a fundamental impact on the Australian justice system".
Section 51(xx) of the Australian Constitution,is a subsection of Section 51 of the Australian Constitution that gives the Commonwealth Parliament the power to legislate with respect to "foreign corporations,and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth". This power has become known as "the corporations power",the extent of which has been the subject of numerous judicial cases.
Craig William John Minogue is an Australian convicted murderer responsible for the 1986 bombing of the Russell Street Police Headquarters in Russell Street,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia. Minogue was sentenced to life imprisonment,with a non-parole period of 30 years. In 2012,Minogue was awarded his PhD in applied ethics,human and social services by La Trobe University. The thesis,entitled "Seeing who's who:identifying a violently oppositional sense of self and other which is emerging from an immoral discourse of punishment and revenge" is not available to the public for safety reasons. Access is restricted until November 2027.
Monash University Faculty of Law,or Monash Law School,is the law school of Monash University. Founded in 1963,it is based in Melbourne,Victoria and has campuses in Malaysia and Italy. It is consistently ranked as one of the top law schools in Australia and globally,and entry to its Bachelor of Laws (LLB) programme is highly competitive.
Sir Henry Arthur Winneke,was a Chief Justice of Victoria and the 21st Governor of Victoria,from 1974 to 1982.
The Court of Disputed Returns in Australia is a special jurisdiction of the High Court of Australia. The High Court,sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns,hears challenges regarding the validity of federal elections. The jurisdiction is twofold:(1) on a petition to the Court by an individual with a relevant interest or by the Australian Electoral Commission,or (2) on a reference by either house of the Commonwealth Parliament. This jurisdiction was initially established by Part XVI of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1902 and is now contained in Part XXII of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. Challenges regarding the validity of State elections are heard by the Supreme Court of that State as the State's Court of Disputed Returns.
Kevin Borick,is a criminal-law barrister in South Australia,and president of the Australian Criminal Lawyers Association.
John Harber Phillips,AC,QC was an Australian lawyer and judge who served as Chief Justice of Victoria from 1991 to 2003. He was first appointed to the Victorian Supreme Court in 1984,having previously been the state's director of public prosecutions as well as a director of the National Crime Authority.
Susan Coralie Kenny AM is a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia,and formerly a Judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria,where she was the first woman to serve on the Court of Appeal.
Pirrie v McFarlane is a landmark decision of the High Court of Australia on Intergovernmental immunity between tiers of government in the Australian Constitution.
In Australia,the doctrine of intergovernmental immunity defines the circumstances in which Commonwealth laws can bind the States,and where State laws can bind the Commonwealth. This is distinct from the doctrine of crown immunity,as well as the rule expressed in Section 109 of the Australian Constitution which governs conflicts between Commonwealth and State laws.
Judicial independence is regarded as one of the foundation values of the Australian legal system,such that the High Court held in 2004 that a court capable of exercising federal judicial power must be,and must appear to be,an independent and impartial tribunal. Former Chief Justice Gerard Brennan described judicial independence as existing "to serve and protect not the governors but the governed",albeit one that "rests on the calibre and the character of the judges themselves". Despite general agreement as to its importance and common acceptance of some elements,there is no agreement as to each of the elements of judicial independence.
