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Micko Krstić | |
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![]() Vojvoda Micko | |
Nickname(s) | Porečki |
Born | c. 1855 Latovo, Sanjak of Monastir, Ottoman Empire (present-day Makedonski Brod, North Macedonia) |
Died | October 29, 1909 Ižište, Monastir, Ottoman Empire |
Allegiance |
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Years of service | 1876–81, 1904–09 |
Rank | vojvoda, harambaša |
Unit |
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Micko Krstić-Porečki (Serbian Cyrillic : Мицко Крстић, c. 1855 – October 29, 1909), known as Vojvoda Micko, was a Serbian rebel and military leader active in the Poreče region.
Krstić was born in Latovo, near Makedonski Brod in the Poreče region, at the time part of the Sanjak of Monastir, Ottoman Empire (present-day North Macedonia). His family hailed from nearby Trebino. His birth year is mostly given as c. 1855, and scarcely as c. 1840. [1] He espoused a Serb identity. His teacher in Latovo was Obradović. [2]
He volunteered in the Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78). [3] He then participated in the Kumanovo Uprising (January 20 — May 20, 1878).
After the war, the Serbian military government sent armament and aid to rebels in Kosovo and Macedonia. [4] Christian rebel bands were formed all over the region. [4] Many of those bands, privately funded and aided by the government, were established in Serbia and crossed into Ottoman territory. [4] In that way, Micko Krstić formed a rebel band in 1879 in Niš, with the help of Nikola Rašić and the military government in Vranje. [4]
Micko's bands received weapons and ammunition in Vranje. [5] It crossed the border and came into conflict with Ottomans in around Kriva Palanka, where many of his fighters were killed. [5] With only one comrade, Micko went to Poreče and joined the band of Stevan Petrović–Porečanin, established in the same year. [5]
On 14 October 1880, an uprising broke out in Poreče, known as the Brsjak Revolt. [6] Micko was one of the leaders, along with Ilija Delija, Rista Kostadinović, and Anđelko Tanasević. [7] This uprising would span little more than a year. [6]
In springtime 1881, in the Devet Jugovića-inn in Vranje, Micko Krstić assembled a band of 13 fighters, friends, blood-brothers and followers, left Serbia in springtime 1881. [8] One of the members were Čakr-paša. [9] Their first teacher and leader was Čerkez Ilija. [8] In April 1881, the bands of Čerkez Ilija and Micko were surrounded near Kriva Palanka. [9] The bands were devastated by a force of Ottoman soldiers and Albanians, with Čerkez Ilija and his band all dead, Micko and the survivors fled for safety. [9] In the fight, half of Micko's band fell. [8] Micko and the survivors crossed the mountains heading to Poreče, [8] while Čakr-paša stayed on the Kozjak. [9]
He had succeeded in leading the četa (rebel band) of Rista Kostadinović when Rista had died in battle.[ when? ] [8] He was given Rista's gun which was ornamented with silver and nacre. [8] He was suited with the red vojvoda mintan (under jacket) by tailors in Kičevo in secrecy during the night. [8] Serbia secretly and carefully aided the Christians in the Ottoman areas; in the Brsjak revolt, however, by the end of 1881, the aid was stopped by the intervention of the Ottoman government. [10] The Ottoman army succeeded in suppressing the rebellion in the winter of 1880/1881, and many of the leaders were exiled. [11] When the revolt had been suppressed in Demir-Hisar, Micko refused to give himself up. [8] The Brsjak Revolt, and the preceding ones in Kumanovo, Kriva Palanka and Kratovo, had all a Serbian character, planned in the Serbian cause, thus, the unsuccessful outcome resulted in persecution of Serbs in the Macedonia region, with an increased Bulgarization of the region's Christian Slavic populace. [12]
Krstić was imprisoned in 1882 by the Ottomans, and held in the Bitola prison. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. [13] He wrote nine letters to the Serbian consulate in Bitola, Milojko Veselinović. [14] During the Greco-Turkish War (1897), the Bulgarians granted amnesty to Bulgarians held in Ottoman prisons; Micko refused to identify as Bulgarian and stayed in jail. [13] Finally, in 1901, the Serbian consulate managed to have him released, though he was under house arrest in Bitola, and was obliged to contact the town government every day. [15]
Meanwhile, the first Serbian guerilla bands were formed through self-organizing of Serb villages in Poreče, Kumanovo and Kratovo provinces, which, along Veles, were exposed the most to Bulgarian violence. [15] Krstić's escape, on April 4, 1904, was organized by Savatije Milošević, of the Bitola Consulate, Jovan Ćirković-Ćifa, a secretary of Metropolitan Polikarp, Lazar Kujundžić, manager of schools in Kičevo, and Marko Cerić. [15] The presence of the Serbian bands were soon felt in the regions. [15] Of the 40 villages in Poreče, only one village, Lokvica, adhered to the Bulgarian Exarchate. [15]
Micko Krstić was selected as the supreme vojvoda (commander) for Poreče. [15] The first success of the četa (band) of Vojvoda Micko came with the conflict against 8 combined Bulgarian bands led by Dame Gruev, who sought to violently return the Poreče villages to the Bulgarian Exarchate and thereby strengthen the Bulgarian influence in those villages. [15] The conflict took place near Slatine in Poreče on October 5, 1904. [15] The Bulgarian bands were resting in a ravine following clashes with the Ottoman army at Movnatac, located at the entrance of Poreče. [15] The Serbian Chetniks, numbering c. 40 fighters, silently surrounded them, and with a sudden raid, destroyed the five-times greater enemy. [15] On that occasion, Bulgarian commander Đurčin and four Bulgarian fighters were killed, a large number were wounded, and the rest fled and scattered. [15] Among the wounded were Gruev, who Micko captured. [15] On the orders of Interior Minister Nikola Pašić, Gruev was freed. [15] He was escorted to the village of Solnje near Skopje, from where he travelled to Sofia. [15]
At the end of 1904, the old and exhausted Micko moved to Kragujevac, where he lived on the expenses of the Serbian Committee. [15] Zafir Premčević was his assistant.
In September 1909 the Turkish government issued a law on the suppression of rebels in Rumelia.
He was assassinated in Ižište, on the Brod–Kičevo road on October 29, 1909. Rebel activity was re-activated.
Painter Nadežda Petrović (1873–1915) wrote a drama on his life. [16]
He is the protagonist of the following Serbian folk songs: "Sednal mi Džemo", "Micko kumita", "Porečko mome", "Mladi Micko" and "Izlegol Micko od Zindan"
The Serbs are one of the constitutional ethnic groups of North Macedonia, numbering about 24,000 inhabitants.
Gligor Sokolović was one of the supreme commanders of the Serbian Chetnik Movement, that fought the Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian, and Albanian armed bands during the Macedonian Struggle. He was one of the most famous Chetniks, and the foremost in Western Povardarie. In Bulgaria he is considered a Bulgarian renegade who switched sides, i.e. (sic) Serboman.
The Brsjak revolt broke out on 14 October 1880 in the Poreče region of the Monastir Vilayet, led by rebels who sought the liberation of Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire. According to Ottoman sources the goal of the revolt was the accession of Macedonia to Bulgaria. The rebels received secret aid from Principality of Serbia, which had earlier been at war with the Ottoman Empire, until Ottoman and Russian diplomatic intervention in 1881. The Ottoman Gendarmerie succeeded in suppressing the rebellion after a year.
Doksim Mihailović was a Macedonian Serb voivode, originally a teacher, who joined the Serbian Chetnik Organization to fight in Ottoman Macedonia, and then the Balkan Wars. Originally a teacher, he fought against the Ottomans army and later Bulgarian guerrilla bands in the Kosovo Vilayet.
The Serbian Revolutionary Organization or Serbian Chetnik Organization was a paramilitary revolutionary organization with the aim of liberation of Old Serbia from the Ottoman Empire. Its Central Committee was established in 1902, while the Serbian Committee was established in September 1903 in Belgrade, by the combined Central Boards of Belgrade, Vranje, Skopje and Bitola. Its armed wing was activated in 1904. Among the architects were members of the Saint Sava society, Army Staff and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It operated during the Struggle for Macedonia, a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts in the region of Macedonia; its operations are known as Serb Action in Macedonia.
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Čerkez Ilija was a rebel leader active in Kriva Palanka. He was a teacher by profession. After the Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78), the Serbian military government sent armament and aid to rebels in Kosovo and Macedonia. Christian rebel bands were formed all over the region. Many of those bands, privately organized and aided by the government, were established in Serbia and crossed into Ottoman territory. As more of these rebel bands from Serbia appeared, in that way also the Ottoman government, and privately organized Turks and Albanians, became more active, with harassment of Christians on the right side of the Vardar. As a result of this pressure, in the beginning of 1880, some 65 rebel leaders (glavari), from almost all provinces in southern Old Serbia and Macedonia, sent an appeal to M. S. Milojević, the former commander of volunteers in the Serbian-Ottoman War (1876–78), asking him to, with requesting from the Serbian government, prepare 1,000 rifles and ammunition for them, and that Milojević be appointed the commander of the rebels and that they be allowed to cross the border and start the rebellion. Among these rebel leaders were Čerkez Ilija. On 14 October 1880, an uprising broke out in Poreče, known as the Brsjak Revolt. This uprising would span little more than a year. After Ottoman pressure, the Russian government intervened in Serbia and the Serbian government decided to stop aiding the rebels. In springtime 1881, in the Devet Jugovića-inn in Vranje, Micko Krstić assembled a band of 13 fighters, friends, blood-brothers and followers, left Serbia in springtime 1881. Their first teacher and leader was Čerkez Ilija. In the fight in which Čerkez Ilija and his fighters died, half of Micko's band fell too.
... и тамо се настанио. Обрадовић је био свршио четири разреда гимназије у Београду и Богословију. Између осталога. учитељевао је и у селу Латову у Поречу. У њега је учио Мицко Крстић, познати наш усташ и четнички војвода ...
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Најбо- љи пример је војвода Мицко Крстић из Пореча, који је био осуђен на 20 година затвора, али није хтео да се изјасни као Бугарин да би био обухваћен амнестојом и ослобоћен даљег издржавања казне.