MicroRNA 196b

MIR196B
Identifiers
Aliases	MIR196B , MIRN196B, miR-196b, miRNA196B, microRNA 196b
External IDs	OMIM: 609688 GeneCards: MIR196B
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	27,169,563 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	endometrium; ; blood; ; Left adrenal gland; ; glomerulus; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; prostate; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; pituitary gland; ; tibial nerve;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	442920
	n/a
	ENSG00000283745
	n/a
	n ; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated June 11, 2023

MicroRNA 196b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR196B gene. ^[3]

Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs.

miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products.

The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].

Related Research Articles

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The miR-16 microRNA precursor family is a group of related small non-coding RNA genes that regulates gene expression. miR-16, miR-15, mir-195 and miR-497 are related microRNA precursor sequences from the mir-15 gene family. This microRNA family appears to be vertebrate specific and its members have been predicted or experimentally validated in a wide range of vertebrate species.

The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which apparently arose from a series of ancient evolutionary genetic duplication events, and also include members of the miR-19, and miR-25 families. These clusters are transcribed as long non-coding RNA transcripts that are processed to form ~70 nucleotide microRNA precursors, that are subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide products. The mature microRNA products are thought to regulate expression levels of other genes through complementarity to the 3' UTR of specific target messenger RNA.

miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in humans and mice. miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species. In many species the miRNA appears to be expressed from intergenic regions in HOX gene clusters. The hairpin precursors are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation—their extents are not known. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.

There are 89 known sequences today in the microRNA 19 (miR-19) family but it will change quickly. They are found in a large number of vertebrate species. The miR-19 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. Within the human and mouse genome there are three copies of this microRNA that are processed from multiple predicted precursor hairpins:

The miR-1 microRNA precursor is a small micro RNA that regulates its target protein's expression in the cell. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give products at ~22 nucleotides. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In humans there are two distinct microRNAs that share an identical mature sequence, and these are called miR-1-1 and miR-1-2.

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In molecular biology MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. miR-223 is a hematopoietic specific microRNA with crucial functions in myeloid lineage development. It plays an essential role in promoting granulocytic differentiation while also being associated with the suppression of erythrocytic differentiation. miR-223 is commonly repressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and leukemia. Higher expression levels of miRNA-223 are associated with extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the stomach and recurrent ovarian cancer. In some cancers the microRNA-223 down-regulation is correlated with higher tumor burden, disease aggressiveness, and poor prognostic factors. MicroRNA-223 is also associated with rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic ischemia.

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In molecular biology mir-584 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

In molecular biology mir-23 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-615 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule belonging both to the family of microRNAs and to that of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, whilst siRNAs are involved primarily with the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. siRNAs have been linked through some members to the regulation of cancer cell growth, specifically in prostate adenocarcinoma.

In molecular biology mir-625 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. Many microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression.

In molecular biology mir-633 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

In molecular biology mir-638 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

MicroRNA 503 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR503 gene.

MicroRNA 499a is a non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR499A gene.

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References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000283745 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 196b" . Retrieved 2017-12-20.

Tay Y, Peter S, Rigoutsos I, Barahona P, Ahmed S, Dröge P (2009). "Insights into the regulation of a common variant of HMGA2 associated with human height during embryonic development". Stem Cell Rev. 5 (4): 328–33. doi:10.1007/s12015-009-9095-8. PMID 20058197. S2CID 297093.
Schotte D, Lange-Turenhout EA, Stumpel DJ, Stam RW, Buijs-Gladdines JG, Meijerink JP, Pieters R, Den Boer ML (2010). "Expression of miR-196b is not exclusively MLL-driven but is especially linked to activation of HOXA genes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Haematologica. 95 (10): 1675–82. doi:10.3324/haematol.2010.023481. PMC 2948092 . PMID 20494936.
Bhatia S, Kaul D, Varma N (2010). "Potential tumor suppressive function of miR-196b in B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 340 (1–2): 97–106. doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0406-9. PMID 20549547. S2CID 12753166.
Coskun E, von der Heide EK, Schlee C, Kühnl A, Gökbuget N, Hoelzer D, Hofmann WK, Thiel E, Baldus CD (2011). "The role of microRNA-196a and microRNA-196b as ERG regulators in acute myeloid leukemia and acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia". Leuk. Res. 35 (2): 208–13. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.007. PMID 20570349.
Tsai KW, Hu LY, Wu CW, Li SC, Lai CH, Kao HW, Fang WL, Lin WC (2010). "Epigenetic regulation of miR-196b expression in gastric cancer". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 49 (11): 969–80. doi:10.1002/gcc.20804. PMID 20662076. S2CID 24753276.
Bhatia S, Kaul D, Varma N (2011). "Functional genomics of tumor suppressor miR-196b in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 346 (1–2): 103–16. doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0597-0. PMID 20924650. S2CID 24195482.
Grek M, Piekarska A, Bartkowiak J, Fendler W, Kuydowicz J, Wroblewski P, Paradowski M, Sidorkiewicz M (2011). "Coordinated increase of miRNA-155 and miRNA-196b expression correlates with the detection of the antigenomic strand of hepatitis C virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 28 (5): 875–80. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.748 . PMID 21750860.
de Oliveira JC, Scrideli CA, Brassesco MS, Morales AG, Pezuk JA, Queiroz Rde P, Yunes JA, Brandalise SR, Tone LG (2012). "Differential miRNA expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and association with clinical and biological features". Leuk. Res. 36 (3): 293–8. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.10.005 . PMID 22099053.
Liao YL, Hu LY, Tsai KW, Wu CW, Chan WC, Li SC, Lai CH, Ho MR, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC (2012). "Transcriptional regulation of miR-196b by ETS2 in gastric cancer cells". Carcinogenesis. 33 (4): 760–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs023. PMC 3324441 . PMID 22298639.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000283745 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 196b" . Retrieved 2017-12-20.

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[3]

MicroRNA 196b

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading