MicroRNA 495

MIR495
Identifiers
Aliases	MIR495 , MIRN495, hsa-mir-495, mir-495, microRNA 495
External IDs	OMIM: 615149 GeneCards: MIR495
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	101,033,836 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	intestine; ; colon; ; blood; ; placenta; ; ascending aorta; ; putamen; ; caudate nucleus; ; right lobe of liver; ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ; hippocampus proper;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	574453
	n/a
	ENSG00000207743
	n/a
	n ; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated October 01, 2023

MicroRNA 495 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR495 gene. ^[3]

Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].

Related Research Articles

The miR-9 microRNA, is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In vertebrates, miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain, and is suggested to regulate neuronal differentiation. A number of specific targets of miR-9 have been proposed, including the transcription factor REST and its partner CoREST.

The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. This microRNA was first experimentally characterised in mouse and homologues have since been discovered in several other species, such as humans, rats and zebrafish. The mature sequence is excised by the Dicer enzyme from the 5' arm of the hairpin. It was elucidated by Calin et al. that miR-129-1 is located in a fragile site region of the human genome near a specific site, FRA7H in chromosome 7q32, which is a site commonly deleted in many cancers. miR-129-2 is located in 11p11.2.

mir-133 is a type of non-coding RNA called a microRNA that was first experimentally characterised in mice. Homologues have since been discovered in several other species including invertebrates such as the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Each species often encodes multiple microRNAs with identical or similar mature sequence. For example, in the human genome there are three known miR-133 genes: miR-133a-1, miR-133a-2 and miR-133b found on chromosomes 18, 20 and 6 respectively. The mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of the hairpin. miR-133 is expressed in muscle tissue and appears to repress the expression of non-muscle genes.

The miR-1 microRNA precursor is a small micro RNA that regulates its target protein's expression in the cell. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give products at ~22 nucleotides. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In humans there are two distinct microRNAs that share an identical mature sequence, and these are called miR-1-1 and miR-1-2.

microRNA 21 also known as hsa-mir-21 or miRNA21 is a mammalian microRNA that is encoded by the MIR21 gene.

In molecular biology mir-210 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

miR-214 is a vertebrate-specific family of microRNA precursors. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.

In molecular biology mir-301 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

In molecular biology mir-885 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

MicroRNA 7-1 is a microRNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR7-1 gene.

MicroRNA 489 is a miRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR489 gene.

MicroRNA let-7f-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIRLET7F2 gene.

MicroRNA 106a is a microRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR106A gene.

MicroRNA 141 is a non-coding RNA molecule that in humans is encoded by the MIR141 gene.

MicroRNA 195 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR195 gene.

MicroRNA 885 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR885 gene.

MicroRNA 124-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR124-3 gene.

MicroRNA 517c is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIR517C gene.

miR-324-5p is a microRNA that functions in cell growth, apoptosis, cancer, epilepsy, neuronal differentiation, psychiatric conditions, cardiac disease pathology, and more. As a microRNA, it regulates gene expression through targeting mRNAs. Additionally, miR-324-5p is both an intracellular miRNA, meaning it is commonly found within the microenvironment of the cell, and one of several circulating miRNAs found throughout the body. Its presence throughout the body both within and external to cells may contribute to miR-324-5p's wide array of functions and role in numerous disease pathologies – especially cancer – in various organ systems.

MIR22HG, also known as C17orf91, MGC14376, MIRN22, hsa-mir-22, and miR-22 is a human gene that encodes a noncoding RNA (ncRNA).This RNA molecule is not translated into a protein but nonetheless may have important functions.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000207743 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 495" . Retrieved 2018-01-07.

Hwang-Verslues WW, Chang PH, Wei PC, Yang CY, Huang CK, Kuo WH, Shew JY, Chang KJ, Lee EY, Lee WH (2011). "miR-495 is upregulated by E12/E47 in breast cancer stem cells, and promotes oncogenesis and hypoxia resistance via downregulation of E-cadherin and REDD1". Oncogene. 30 (21): 2463–74. doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.618 . PMID 21258409.
Li Z, Cao Y, Jie Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Li J, Zhu G, Liu Z, Tu Y, Peng G, Lee DW, Park SS (2012). "miR-495 and miR-551a inhibit the migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells by directly interacting with PRL-3". Cancer Lett. 323 (1): 41–7. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.029. PMID 22469786.
Jiang X, Huang H, Li Z, He C, Li Y, Chen P, Gurbuxani S, Arnovitz S, Hong GM, Price C, Ren H, Kunjamma RB, Neilly MB, Salat J, Wunderlich M, Slany RK, Zhang Y, Larson RA, Le Beau MM, Mulloy JC, Rowley JD, Chen J (2012). "MiR-495 is a tumor-suppressor microRNA down-regulated in MLL-rearranged leukemia". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 (47): 19397–402. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10919397J. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1217519109 . PMC 3511140 . PMID 23132946.
Chen SM, Chen HC, Chen SJ, Huang CY, Chen PY, Wu TW, Feng LY, Tsai HC, Lui TN, Hsueh C, Wei KC (2013). "MicroRNA-495 inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells by downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6". World J Surg Oncol. 11: 87. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-11-87. PMC 3655862 . PMID 23594394.
Song L, Li Y, Li W, Wu S, Li Z (2014). "miR-495 enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to platinum by modulation of copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase A (ATP7A)". J. Cell. Biochem. 115 (7): 1234–42. doi:10.1002/jcb.24665. PMID 24038379. S2CID 23587479.
Formosa A, Markert EK, Lena AM, Italiano D, Finazzi-Agro' E, Levine AJ, Bernardini S, Garabadgiu AV, Melino G, Candi E (2014). "MicroRNAs, miR-154, miR-299-5p, miR-376a, miR-376c, miR-377, miR-381, miR-487b, miR-485-3p, miR-495 and miR-654-3p, mapped to the 14q32.31 locus, regulate proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in metastatic prostate cancer cells". Oncogene. 33 (44): 5173–82. doi: 10.1038/onc.2013.451 . PMID 24166498. S2CID 36638076.
Chu H, Chen X, Wang H, Du Y, Wang Y, Zang W, Li P, Li J, Chang J, Zhao G, Zhang G (2014). "MiR-495 regulates proliferation and migration in NSCLC by targeting MTA3". Tumour Biol. 35 (4): 3487–94. doi:10.1007/s13277-013-1460-1. PMID 24293376. S2CID 15816727.
Xu Y, Ohms SJ, Li Z, Wang Q, Gong G, Hu Y, Mao Z, Shannon MF, Fan JY (2013). "Changes in the expression of miR-381 and miR-495 are inversely associated with the expression of the MDR1 gene and development of multi-drug resistance". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e82062. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...882062X. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082062 . PMC 3841137 . PMID 24303078.
Lee S, Yoon DS, Paik S, Lee KM, Jang Y, Lee JW (2014). "microRNA-495 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells by targeting Sox9". Stem Cells Dev. 23 (15): 1798–808. doi:10.1089/scd.2013.0609. PMC 4103260 . PMID 24654627.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 14 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000207743 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: MicroRNA 495" . Retrieved 2018-01-07.

[1]

[2]

[3]

MicroRNA 495

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading