Chromosome 14

Last updated
Chromosome 14
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 14 cropped.png
Human chromosome 14 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father.
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 14.png
Chromosome 14 pair
in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)101,161,492 bp
(CHM13)
No. of genes 583 (CCDS) [1]
Type Autosome
Centromere position Acrocentric [2]
(17.2 Mbp [3] )
Complete gene lists
CCDS Gene list
HGNC Gene list
UniProt Gene list
NCBI Gene list
External map viewers
Ensembl Chromosome 14
Entrez Chromosome 14
NCBI Chromosome 14
UCSC Chromosome 14
Full DNA sequences
RefSeq NC_000014 (FASTA)
GenBank CM000676 (FASTA)

Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 107 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.

Contents

The centromere of chromosome 14 is positioned approximately at position 17.2 Mbp.

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 14. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. [4]

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes SourceRelease date
CCDS 583 [1] 2016-09-08
HGNC 593324513 [5] 2017-05-12
Ensembl 820856518 [6] 2017-03-29
UniProt 720 [7] 2018-02-28
NCBI 621690598 [8] [9] [10] 2017-05-19

Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 14. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 14:

Cytogenetic band

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 14
Human chromosome 14 ideogram vertical.svg
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 14 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
Human chromosome 14 - 400 550 850 bphs.png
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 14 in three different resolutions (400, [12] 550 [13] and 850 [3] ). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013). [14] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process. [15]
G-bands of human chromosome 14 in resolution 850 bphs [16]
Chr.Arm [17] Band [18] ISCN
start [19]
ISCN
stop [19]
Basepair
start
Basepair
stop
Stain [20] Density
14p13028413,600,000gvar
14p122846243,600,0018,000,000stalk
14p11.262412498,000,00116,100,000gvar
14p11.11249143316,100,00117,200,000acen
14q11.11433166017,200,00118,200,000acen
14q11.21660204318,200,00124,100,000gneg
14q122043231324,100,00132,900,000gpos100
14q13.12313246932,900,00134,800,000gneg
14q13.22469258234,800,00136,100,000gpos50
14q13.32582272436,100,00137,400,000gneg
14q21.12724292337,400,00143,000,000gpos100
14q21.22923300843,000,00146,700,000gneg
14q21.33008326446,700,00150,400,000gpos100
14q22.13264349150,400,00153,600,000gneg
14q22.23491360453,600,00155,000,000gpos25
14q22.33604371855,000,00157,600,000gneg
14q23.13718391657,600,00161,600,000gpos75
14q23.23916404461,600,00164,300,000gneg
14q23.34044418664,300,00167,400,000gpos50
14q24.14186448467,400,00169,800,000gneg
14q24.24484462669,800,00173,300,000gpos50
14q24.34626483973,300,00178,800,000gneg
14q31.14839505178,800,00183,100,000gpos100
14q31.25051509483,100,00184,400,000gneg
14q31.35094534984,400,00189,300,000gpos100
14q32.115349540689,300,00191,400,000gneg
14q32.125406550591,400,00194,200,000gpos25
14q32.135505561994,200,00195,800,000gneg
14q32.25619573295,800,001100,900,000gpos50
14q32.3157325903100,900,001102,700,000gneg
14q32.3259036016102,700,001103,500,000gpos50
14q32.3360166300103,500,001107,043,718gneg

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 1</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 13</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 2</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome, spanning more than 242 million base pairs and representing almost eight percent of the total DNA in human cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 3</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 3 spans more than 198 million base pairs and represents about 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

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Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million base pairs and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

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Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 5 spans about 182 million base pairs and represents almost 6% of the total DNA in cells. Chromosome 5 is the 5th largest human chromosome, yet has one of the lowest gene densities. This is partially explained by numerous gene-poor regions that display a remarkable degree of non-coding and syntenic conservation with non-mammalian vertebrates, suggesting they are functionally constrained.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 8</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 146 million base pairs and represents between 4.5 and 5.0% of the total DNA in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 9</span> Human chromosome

Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 10</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 11</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 15</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 16</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 17</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 18</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 19</span> Human chromosome

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 20</span> Human chromosome

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References

  1. 1 2 "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  2. Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN   978-1-136-84407-2.
  3. 1 2 Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  4. Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes". Genome Biol. 11 (5): 206. doi: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206 . PMC   2898077 . PMID   20441615.
  5. "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 14". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  6. "Chromosome 14: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  7. "Human chromosome 14: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM". UniProt. 2018-02-28. Retrieved 2018-03-16.
  8. "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  9. "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  10. "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  11. Quiat D, Voelker KA, Pei J, Grishin NV, Grange RW, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN (June 2011). "Concerted regulation of myofiber-specific gene expression and muscle performance by the transcriptional repressor Sox6". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (25): 10196–201. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10810196Q. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107413108 . PMC   3121857 . PMID   21633012.
  12. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  13. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  14. International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN   978-3-318-02253-7.
  15. Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images". 2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE). pp. 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965. ISBN   978-1-4673-1921-8. S2CID   16666470.
  16. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  17. "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  18. For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  19. 1 2 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  20. gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.