PAPOLA

PAPOLA
Identifiers
Aliases	PAPOLA , PAP, poly(A) polymerase alpha, PAP-alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 605553 MGI: 109301 HomoloGene: 23389 GeneCards: PAPOLA
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	96,567,116 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	105,805,203 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	ganglionic eminence; ; Achilles tendon; ; bone marrow cells; ; body of pancreas; ; endometrium; ; jejunal mucosa; ; islet of Langerhans; ; rectum; ; lymph node; ; cardia;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; abdominal wall; ; dermis; ; islet of Langerhans; ; spermatid; ; atrioventricular valve; ; seminal vesicula; ; ganglionic eminence; ; morula; ; spermatocyte;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity ; nucleotide binding ; nucleotidyltransferase activity ; manganese ion binding ; metal ion binding ; protein binding ; RNA binding ; ATP binding ; magnesium ion binding ; polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; nucleoplasm ; nucleus ;
Biological process	mRNA splicing, via spliceosome ; termination of RNA polymerase II transcription ; RNA 3'-end processing ; mRNA processing ; mRNA polyadenylation ; mRNA 3'-end processing ; regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing ; RNA polyadenylation ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10914
	18789
	ENSG00000090060
	ENSMUSG00000021111
	P51003
	Q61183
NM_001252006 ; NM_001252007 ; NM_001293627 ; NM_001293628 ; NM_001293632 ;
	NM_032632 ; NM_001363662 ; NM_001363664 ; NM_001363665 ; NM_001363666
	NM_011112 ; NM_001347440
NP_001238935 ; NP_001238936 ; NP_001280556 ; NP_001280557 ; NP_001280561 ;
	NP_116021 ; NP_001350591 ; NP_001350593 ; NP_001350594 ; NP_001350595
	NP_001334369 ; NP_035242
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated April 23, 2024

Poly(A) polymerase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAPOLA gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

PAPOLA binds to FIP1L1 (Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1), a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 (CPSF1) complex. This complex polyadenylates the 3' end of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) (see CPSF). CPSF1 is an RNA processing protein that binds to uracil-rich sequences in pre-mRNA, binds with and stimulates PAPOLA's Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity, and thereby adds adenylyl residues to pre-mRNA. This poly-adenylyl action increases pre mRNA's maturation and movement from the nucleus to cytoplasm while dramatically increasing the stability of the mRNA formed from pre-mRNA: FIP1L1 is a Pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing factor. FIP1L1 gene fusions between it and either the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PGDFRA) or Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes are causes of certain human diseases associated with pathologically increased levels of blood eosinophils and/or Leukemias.^[8]

Related Research Articles

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Cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF2 gene.

RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CTDP1 gene.

Factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIP1L1 gene. A medically important aspect of the FIP1L1 gene is its fusion with other genes to form fusion genes which cause clonal hypereosinophilia and leukemic diseases in humans.

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 (CPSF5) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NUDT21 gene. It belongs to the Nudix family of hydrolases.

Transcription elongation regulator 1, also known as TCERG1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TCERG1 gene.

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPSF2 gene. This protein is a subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex which plays a key role in pre-mRNA 3' end processing and polyadenylation. The CPSF2 protein connects the two subunits of the complex, mCF and mPSF. Its structure contributes both to the stability of the subunits interaction and to the flexibility of the complex necessary for function. This protein has been identified as an essential subunit of the complex as certain mutations in the region inhibit CPSF complex formation.

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP4 gene.

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPSF1 gene.

DNA excision repair protein ERCC-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC8 gene.

Translocon-associated protein subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSR1 gene.

Cleavage stimulation factor 77 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF3 gene.

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPSF3 gene.

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPSF4 gene.

DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA34 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CD3EAP gene.

DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR1A gene.

General transcription factor IIF subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2F2 gene.

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 9B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF9B gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.979 . PMC 521437 . PMID 8302877.
↑ Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi: 10.1007/s100380050154 . PMID 10429366.
↑ "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".
↑ "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

Weichs an der Glon C, Ashe M, Eggermont J, Proudfoot NJ (1993). "Tat-dependent occlusion of the HIV poly(A) site". EMBO J. 12 (5): 2119–28. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05860.x. PMC 413433 . PMID 8491200.
Pendurthi UR, Alok D, Rao LV (1997). "Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (23): 12598–603. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9412598P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.23.12598 . PMC 25051 . PMID 9356495.
Varani L, Gunderson SI, Mattaj IW, et al. (2000). "The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein". Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (4): 329–35. doi:10.1038/74101. PMID 10742179. S2CID 13432764.
Mouland AJ, Coady M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA (2002). "Hypophosphorylation of poly(A) polymerase and increased polyadenylation activity are associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr expression". Virology. 292 (2): 321–30. doi: 10.1006/viro.2001.1261 . PMID 11878934.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Kim H, Lee JH, Lee Y (2003). "Regulation of poly(A) polymerase by 14-3-3epsilon". EMBO J. 22 (19): 5208–19. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg486. PMC 204469 . PMID 14517258.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nat. Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986.
Kaufmann I, Martin G, Friedlein A, et al. (2005). "Human Fip1 is a subunit of CPSF that binds to U-rich RNA elements and stimulates poly(A) polymerase". EMBO J. 23 (3): 616–26. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600070. PMC 1271804 . PMID 14749727.
Dettwiler S, Aringhieri C, Cardinale S, et al. (2005). "Distinct sequence motifs within the 68-kDa subunit of cleavage factor Im mediate RNA binding, protein-protein interactions, and subcellular localization" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 279 (34): 35788–97. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M403927200 . PMID 15169763.
Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, et al. (2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148 . PMID 15231748.
Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112130B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . PMC 514446 . PMID 15302935.
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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000090060 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021111 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8302877-5] Thuresson AC, Astrom J, Astrom A, Gronvik KO, Virtanen A (Mar 1994). "Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases in human cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (3): 979–83. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91..979T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.979 . PMC 521437 . PMID 8302877.

[pmid10429366-6] Yamauchi T, Sugimoto J, Hatakeyama T, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, Isobe M (Sep 1999). "Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence". J Hum Genet. 44 (4): 253–5. doi: 10.1007/s100380050154 . PMID 10429366.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha".

[nih.gov-8] "FIP1L1 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

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PAPOLA

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading