| DGLUCY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | DGLUCY , C14orf159, chromosome 14 open reading frame 159, D-glutamate cyclase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 2444813 HomoloGene: 11798 GeneCards: DGLUCY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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DGLUCY (D-glutamate cyclase) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGLUCY gene. [5]
 | This section possibly contains original research .(January 2011) |
The human gene, DGLUCY, is highly conserved in mammals and birds. [6] Orthologs gathered from BLAST and BLAT searches reveal that the human DGLUCY mRNA sequence is conserved with a sequence identity of 98% in chimpanzees, 88% in mice, and 81% in platypus and chicken. [7] [8] The following table contains a list orthologs that were gathered from BLAST searches. Sequence alignments were performed using blastn to derive sequence identity, score, and E-values between the human c14orf159 variant 1 mRNA and its orthologs.
| Genus and species | Common name | NCBI accession number | Sequence length (bp) | Sequence identity | Score | E-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | NM_001102366 | 3164 | 100% | 0 | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | XM_510121 | 2974 | 98% | 4281 | 0 |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | NM_145448 | 3231 | 88% | 495 | 0 |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | XM_00154336.1 | 1962 | 81% | 217 | 0 |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | XM_421319 | 3389 | 81 | 50 | 0 |
The protein that the human gene DGLUCY encodes has been found to be highly conserved among mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, tunicates, cnidarians, and echinoderms. However, no protein orthologs have been found in nematodes, arthropods, fungi, protists, plants, bacteria, or archea. Fungi and bacteria contain the DUF1445 conserved domain which is found in human c14orf159 and its orthologs. BLAST and BLAT searches have been utilized to find orthologs to the c14orf159 protein. The following table lists protein orthologs for the human protein with sequence identity, sequence similarity, scores, and E-values derived from blastp sequence comparisons. [9]
| Genus and species | Common name | NCBI accession number | Sequence length-amino acids | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity | Score | E-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | NP_001095839.1 | 564 | 100% | 100% | 0 | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | XP_510121.2 | 724 | 557/621 (89%) | 561/621 (90%) | 1109 | 0 |
| Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Panda | EFB15996.1 | 585 | 413/585 (70%) | 461/585 (78%) | 824 | 0 |
| Rattus norvegicus | Rat | XP_343096.2 | 618 | 423/618 (68%) | 470/618 (76%) | 774 | 0 |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | NP_663423.2 | 617 | 414/623 (66%) | 468/621 (75%) | 796 | 0 |
| Equus caballus | Horse | XP_001916913.1 | 581 | 390/585 (66%) | 433/585 (74%) | 728 | 6E-115 |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | XP_001514386.1 | 653 | 358/628 (57%) | 443/628 (70%) | 696 | 0 |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | XP_421319.2 | 617 | 330/614 (53%) | 414/614 (67%) | 630 | 0 |
| Xenopus tropicalis | Western clawed frog | CAJ82045.1 | 616 | 302/611 (49%) | 399/611 (65%) | 582 | 1E-170 |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | AAI244131.1 | 621 | 284/607 (46%) | 386/607 (63%) | 530 | 6E-155 |
| Branchiostoma floridae | Lancelet | XP_002612376.1 | 615 | 237/611 (38%) | 334/611 (54%) | 397 | 6E-115 |
| Ciona intestinalis | Vase tunicate | XP_001173256 | 486 | 161/501 (32%) | 241/501 (48%) | 244 | 5E-69 |
| Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | California purple sea urchin | XP_782739.1 | 631 | 9/33 (27%) | 15/33 (45%) | 320 | 5E-87 |
| Nematostella vectensis | Starlet sea anemone | XP_001637867 | 529 | 134/501 (26%) | 211/501 (42%) | 120 | 1E-31 |
The protein product of the DGLUCY gene is predicted [5] and was found [10] [11] to be translocated to mitochondrion.
Post-translational modifications are predicted for the protein DGLUCY. All predicted sites in human DGLUCY were compared to orthologs using multiple sequence alignments to determine likelihood of modification. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Estrogen receptor alpha, in the presence of estradiol, binds to the DGLUCY gene and likely regulates its expression. [17]
Bardet–Biedl syndrome 5 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BBS5 gene.
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL6 gene.
Transmembrane protein 50A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM50A gene.
Shugoshin 2(Shugoshin-2), also known as Shugoshin-like 2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SGO2 gene.
Transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMUB2 gene.
Allograft inflammatory factor 1-like is a protein that is encoded by the AIF1L gene in humans.
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SOGA2, also known as Suppressor of glucose autophagy associated 2 or CCDC165, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOGA2 gene. SOGA2 has two human paralogs, SOGA1 and SOGA3. In humans, the gene coding sequence is 151,349 base pairs long, with an mRNA of 6092 base pairs, and a protein sequence of 1586 amino acids. The SOGA2 gene is conserved in gorilla, baboon, galago, rat, mouse, cat, and more. There is distant conservation seen in organisms such as zebra finches and anoles. SOGA2 is ubiquitously expressed in humans, with especially high expression in brain, colon, pituitary gland, small intestine, spinal cord, testis and fetal brain.
CCDC186 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC186 gene The CCDC186 gene is also known as the CTCL-tumor associated antigen with accession number NM_018017.
Protein ITFG3 also known as family with sequence similarity 234 member A (FAM234A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITFG3 gene. Here, the gene is explored as encoded by mRNA found in Homo sapiens. The FAM234A gene is conserved in mice, rats, chickens, zebrafish, dogs, cows, frogs, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys. Orthologs of the gene can be found in at least 220 organisms including the tropical clawed frog, pandas, and Chinese hamsters. The gene is located at 16p13.3 and has a total of 19 exons. The mRNA has a total of 3224 bp and the protein has 552 aa. The molecular mass of the protein produced by this gene is 59660 Da. It is expressed in at least 27 tissue types in humans, with the greatest presence in the duodenum, fat, small intestine, and heart.
Protein FAM40A is a protein that is located on chromosome 1 in humans and is encoded by the FAM40A gene.
TCAIM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCAIM gene.
Protein FAM19A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM19A1 gene.
Zinc finger protein 280D, also known as Suppressor Of Hairy Wing Homolog 4, SUWH4, Zinc Finger Protein 634, ZNF634, or KIAA1584, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF280D gene located on chromosome 15q21.3.
Uncharacterized protein C1orf21, also known as Proliferation-Inducing Protein 13, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf21 gene. C1orf21 is an intracellular protein that flows between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in the cell. It has been linked with cell growth and reproduction and there has been strong links with various types of cancers. There are no paralogs for this gene, however, many conserved orthologs have been found in all invertebrates. C1orf21 has low to moderate level of expression in most tissues in humans, however, it has the most expression in the skin, lung and prostate.
CD99 antigen-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD99L2 gene.
MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene.
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Family with sequence similarity 221 member A is a protein in humans that is encoded by the FAM221A gene. FAM221A is a gene that is not yet well understood by the scientific community. However, it appears that this gene may have a role in Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer.
