Microxina myxa

Microxina myxa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Order:	Haplosclerida
Family:	Niphatidae
Genus:	Microxina
Species:	M. myxa
Binomial name
	Microxina myxa; Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012

Last updated September 19, 2019

Microxina myxa is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south-western Southern Ocean.^[1]

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about 700 kilometres (430 mi) southeast of South Georgia. The territory's total land area is 3,903 km² (1,507 sq mi). The Falkland Islands are about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) west-northwest from its nearest point.

Southern Ocean The ocean around Antarctica

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, and the "Southern Icy Ocean".</ref> comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the fourth largest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. This oceanic zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters.

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The Scotia Sea is a sea located at the northern edge of the Southern Ocean at its boundary with the South Atlantic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the Drake Passage and on the north, east, and south by the Scotia Arc, an undersea ridge and island arc system supporting various islands. The sea sits atop the Scotia Plate. It is named after the expedition ship Scotia.

Arturia canariensis, commonly known as the yellow calcareous sponge, is a species of sponge in the family Clathrinidae. It is found in shallow seas in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, the Adriatic Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The specific epiphet "canariensis" was given to this species because it was first described from Lanzarote in the Canary Islands.

The wildlife of Antarctica are extremophiles, having to adapt to the dryness, low temperatures, and high exposure common in Antarctica. The extreme weather of the interior contrasts to the relatively mild conditions on the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic islands, which have warmer temperatures and more liquid water. Much of the ocean around the mainland is covered by sea ice. The oceans themselves are a more stable environment for life, both in the water column and on the seabed.

Clathria rosita is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Clathria stromnessa is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Clathria matthewsi is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Lissodendoryx collinsi is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Hymedesmia barnesi is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Iophon husvikense is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Hymedesmia pharos is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Myxilla ponceti is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Tedania aurantiaca is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Tedania wellsae is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Mycale brownorum is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Mycale cartwrighti is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Haliclona (Soestella) crowtheri is a species of demosponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south west Southern Ocean.

Calyx shackletoni is a species of sea sponge first found on the coast of South Georgia island, in the south-western Southern Ocean.

Sponge grounds, also known as sponge aggregations, are intertidal to deep-sea habitats formed by large accumulations of sponges, often dominated by a few massive species. Sponge grounds were already reported more than 150 years ago, but the habitat was first fully recognized, studied and described in detail around the Faroe Islands during the inter-Nordic BIOFAR 1 programme 1987–90. These were called Ostur by the local fishermen and this name has to some extent entered the scientific literature. Sponge grounds were later found elsewhere in the Northeast Atlantic and in the Northwest Atlantic, as well as near Antarctica. They are now known from many other places worldwide and recognized as key marine habitats.

References

↑ Goodwin, Claire, Paul E. Brewin, and Paul Brickle. "Sponge biodiversity of South Georgia island with descriptions of fifteen new species." Zootaxa 3542 (2012): 1-48.

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[1] Goodwin, Claire, Paul E. Brewin, and Paul Brickle. "Sponge biodiversity of South Georgia island with descriptions of fifteen new species." Zootaxa 3542 (2012): 1-48.