Related Research Articles
Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system,especially of the spine. It has esoteric origins and is based on several pseudoscientific ideas.
The Michigan House of Representatives is the lower house of the Michigan Legislature. There are 110 members,each of whom is elected from constituencies having approximately 77,000 to 91,000 residents,based on population figures from the 2020 U.S. census. Its composition,powers and duties are established in Article IV of the Michigan Constitution.
The Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) is the largest organization working solely on marijuana policy reform in the United States in terms of its budget,number of members,and staff.
Since the 1970s,the college town of Ann Arbor,Michigan,has enacted some of the most lenient laws on marijuana possession in the United States. These include measures approved in a 1971 city-council ordinance,a 1974 voter referendum making possession of small amounts of the substance merely a civil infraction subject to a small fine,and a 2004 referendum on the use of medical marijuana. The passage of the Michigan Regulation and Taxation of Marihuana Act in November 2018 has made recreational marijuana legal not only in Ann Arbor but throughout the entire state.
The Oregon Medical Marijuana Act,a law in the U.S. state of Oregon,was established by Oregon Ballot Measure 67 in 1998,passing with 54.6% support. It modified state law to allow the cultivation,possession,and use of marijuana by doctor recommendation for patients with certain medical conditions. The Act does not affect federal law,which still prohibits the cultivation and possession of marijuana.
In the United States,increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward,and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state,including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.
Throughout its history,chiropractic has been the subject of internal and external controversy and criticism. According to magnetic healer Daniel D. Palmer,the founder of chiropractic,"vertebral subluxation" was the sole cause of all diseases and manipulation was the cure for all disease. A 2003 profession-wide survey found "most chiropractors still hold views of Innate Intelligence and of the cause and cure of disease consistent with those of the Palmers". A critical evaluation stated "Chiropractic is rooted in mystical concepts. This led to an internal conflict within the chiropractic profession,which continues today." Chiropractors,including D.D. Palmer,were jailed for practicing medicine without a license. D.D. Palmer considered establishing chiropractic as a religion to resolve this problem. For most of its existence,chiropractic has battled with mainstream medicine,sustained by antiscientific and pseudoscientific ideas such as vertebral subluxation.
Lisa Brown is an American politician from the state of Michigan. A Democrat,she was elected Oakland County Clerk &Register of deed on November 6,2012. Brown was previously a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives. She represented the 39th State House District,located in Central Oakland County since 2009. The district covers all of Commerce Township and most of West Bloomfield Township. She was the 2014 Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor alongside former Congressman Mark Schauer.
Jim Stamas was a member of the Michigan State Senate and former Majority Floor Leader of the Michigan House of Representatives. He was inaugurated in the Michigan Senate on January 1,2015 and left office on January 1,2022. A Republican,he represented District 36 in the Senate and before that represented District 98 in the House,and is from Midland.
Various organizations of practicing chiropractors have outlined formal codes of professional ethics. Actual practice has revealed a wide range of behaviors which may or may not conform to these standards.
Cannabis in Louisiana is legal only for medicinal use;recreational possession of 14 grams or less is decriminalized punishable by a fine of no more than $100. Medicinal use is allowed with a physician's written recommendation for any debilitating condition. Prior to statewide decriminalization,possession of small amounts of marijuana was first decriminalized in the cities of New Orleans,Baton Rouge,and Shreveport.
Cannabis dispensaries in the United States or marijuana dispensaries are a type of cannabis retail outlet,local government-regulated physical location,typically inside a retail storefront or office building,in which a person can purchase cannabis and cannabis related items for medical or recreational use.
The Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative,also known as Amendment 2,was approved by voters in the Tuesday,November 8,2016,general election in the State of Florida. The bill required a super-majority vote to pass,with at least 60% of voters voting for support of a state constitutional amendment. Florida already had a medical marijuana law in place,but only for those who are terminally ill and with less than a year left to live. The goal of Amendment 2 is to alleviate those suffering from these medical conditions:cancer,epilepsy,glaucoma,positive status for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),Crohn's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple sclerosis,chronic nonmalignant pain caused by a qualifying medical condition or that originates from a qualified medical condition or other debilitating medical conditions comparable to those listed. Under Amendment 2,the medical marijuana will be given to the patient if the physician believes that the medical use of marijuana would likely outweigh the potential health risks for a patient. Smoking the medication was not allowed under a statute passed by the Florida State Legislature,however this ban was struck down by Leon County Circuit Court Judge Karen Gievers on May 25,2018.
Cannabis in Rhode Island is legal for medical and adult use. Medical use was legalized through legislation approved in 2006,and adult use in 2022.
Cannabis is legal in Illinois for both medical and recreational use. Illinois became the eleventh state in the US to legalize recreational marijuana effective January 1,2020.
Cannabis in New Mexico is legal for recreational use as of June 29,2021. A bill to legalize recreational use –House Bill 2,the Cannabis Regulation Act –was signed by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham on April 12,2021. The first licensed sales of recreational cannabis began on April 1,2022.
Cannabis in New Jersey is legal for both medical use and recreational use. An amendment to the state constitution legalizing cannabis became effective on January 1,2021,and enabling legislation and related bills were signed into law by governor Phil Murphy on February 22,2021.
Cannabis in Ohio is legal for recreational use. Issue 2,a ballot measure to legalize recreational use,passed by a 57–43 margin on November 7,2023. Possession and personal cultivation of cannabis became legal on December 7,2023,with the first licensed sales yet to occur under the law. Prior to legalization,Ohio decriminalized possession of up 100 grams in 1975,with several of the state's major cities later enacting further reforms.
Cannabis in Michigan is legal for recreational use. A 2018 initiative to legalize recreational use passed with 56% of the vote. State-licensed sales of recreational cannabis began in December 2019.
The Cannabis Act (C-45) of June,2018 paved the way for the legalization of cannabis in Canada on 17 October 2018. Police and prosecution services in all Canadian jurisdictions are currently capable of pursuing criminal charges for cannabis marketing without a licence issued by Health Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada has held that the federal Parliament has the power to criminalize the possession of cannabis and that doing so does not infringe upon the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Ontario Court of Appeal and the Superior Court of Ontario have,however,held that the absence of a statutory provision for medical marijuana is unconstitutional,and to that extent the federal law is of no force and/or effect if a prescription is obtained. The recreational use of cannabis has been legalized by the federal government,and took effect on 17 October 2018.
References
- ↑ "State Rep. Dr. Mike Callton named Michigan Chiropractor of the Year". Michigan House Republicans. October 15, 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ↑ "Michigan Legislature - House Bill 4852". House Bill 4852.
- ↑ DeDecker, David (January 26, 2012). "Medical marijuana discussion draws hundreds to meeting". Hastings Banner.
- ↑ "Michigan Legislature - House Bill 4852". House Bill 5580.
- ↑ "Michigan Legislature" . Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ↑ Pluta, Rick (May 2, 2012). "MI lawmaker wants to allow marijuana dispensaries". Michigan Radio.
- ↑ McMillin, Zane (April 27, 2011). "Pres. hopefuls could face certificate requirements". State News.
- 1 2 "Gongwer News Service - Michigan". www.gongwer.com.
- ↑ Livengood, Chad. "Lawmaker barred from speaking after 'vagina' comment". Detroit News. Retrieved June 16, 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "The word vagina: It's time to regulate against it". Slate Magazine.