The politics of Vietnam is dominated by a single party under an authoritarian system, the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government, both of these are separate from the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam who leads the CPV and is head of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission, thus the General Secretary is the de facto supreme leader of Vietnam. Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Judiciary is independent of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam, its fifth, on 28 November 2013.
The prime ministerof Vietnam, is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Government. The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly.
The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam from delegates of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, practically after the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In addition, the president appoints the head of government, the prime minister. As head of state, the President represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country.
Nguyễn Tấn Dũng is a Vietnamese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 2006 to 2016. He was confirmed by the National Assembly on 27 June 2006, having been nominated by his predecessor, Phan Văn Khải, who retired from office. At a party congress held in January 2011, Nguyễn Tấn Dũng was ranked 3rd in the hierarchy of the Communist Party of Vietnam, after State President Trương Tấn Sang. Following the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyễn Tấn Dũng was not able to maintain his post in the party and stepped down from his position as Prime Minister on 7 April 2016.
The 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam was held in Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi from 18 to 25 April 2006. The congress occurs every five years. 1,176 delegates represented the party's 3 million members. At the 13th plenum of the Central Committee, held before the congress, it was decided that eight members of the Communist Party's 9th Politburo had to retire. While certain segments within and outside the Politburo were skeptical, the decision was implemented. Because of party rules, the congress was not empowered to elect the general secretary, and it held a survey on whom the delegates wanted to be appointed General Secretary. The first plenum of the Central Committee, held in the immediate aftermath of the congress, re-elected Nông Đức Mạnh as general secretary.
Nguyễn Phú Trọng is a Vietnamese politician who has served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam since 2011. As the head of the party's Secretariat, Politburo and Central Military Commission, Trọng is Vietnam's paramount leader. He also previously served as president of Vietnam from 2018 to 2021.
The Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam, formerly designated as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam from 1946 to 1981, is the legislative speaker of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, presiding over the National Assembly. The National Assembly is, in the words of the constitution, "the highest representative organ of the people; the highest organ of state power".
The Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Central Standing Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the highest body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in between gatherings of the National Congress and of the plenary sessions Central Committee. According to Party rules, the Politburo directs the general orientation of the government, and by that, it has dominant power in the politics of Vietnam.
The deputy prime ministerof the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, known as the deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1981 to 1992, is one of the highest offices within the Central Government. The deputy prime minister has throughout its history been responsible for helping the prime minister to handle Vietnam's internal policies. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the deputy prime ministers of the Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office.
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc is a Vietnamese former politician who served as the 11th President of Vietnam from 2021 until his resignation from all state posts in 2023 amidst a series of corruption scandals. He also was the 8th Prime minister of Vietnam from 2016 until 2021 after his presidential inauguration and served as a member of Politburo for 3 terms from 2011 until his resignation in 2023.
The 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was elected at the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The 11th Central Committee elected the 11th Politburo and the 11th Secretariat.
The 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam was held in Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi from 19 to 22 April 2001. The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 1,168 delegates represented the party's 2,479,719 card-carrying members.
Phạm Bình Minh is a Vietnamese diplomat and politician serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2021 and as Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam from 2013 to 2023. Between September 2021 and his dismissal in January 2023, he also served as the Permanent Deputy Prime Minister, the most senior among the deputy prime ministers, in the Cabinet of Phạm Minh Chính. Minh was also a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country's highest decision-making body, headed by General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
On 27 January 2016, the 12th National Congress elected 180 individuals to serve as members of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) for the electoral term 2016–2021. The Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the CPV and Vietnam when the Party's National Congress and the Politburo are adjourned. In between congresses, the Central Committee is responsible for organising and directing the implementation of the Party's Political Platform, Charter, and resolutions adopted at the National Congress. Furthermore, it adopts guidelines and policies in all relevant fields, domestic or foreign. In addition, the sitting Central Committee is responsible for convening the next National Congress. Members of the Central Committee have the right to elect and remove the General Secretary of the Central Committee as well as members of the Politburo, the Secretariat and the Central Inspection Commission (CIC). When the Central Committee is not in session, it delegates its powers to these three elected organs which then report on their activities the next time the Central Committee convenes for a meeting. Central Committee members are responsible to and report on their work to the Central Committee.
Phan Văn Giang is a Vietnamese General, politician and Vietnam's Minister of National Defence. He joined the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2016.
The Chief of the General Staff is the chief of staff of the General Staff of the People's Army of Vietnam. The Chief of the General Staff performs the task of advising the Minister of Defense in terms of state management and military command. The Chief of the General Staff also serves ex officio as Standing Deputy Minister of Defense. He is appointed by the President of Vietnam, who is the Commander-in-Chief. The current Chief of the General Staff is Colonel General Nguyễn Tân Cương
The 13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), formally the 13th Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Khoá XIII), was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee (CC) in the immediate aftermath of the 13th National Congress. Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected for his third term as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, a position he has held since 2011.
The 2020–25 term of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) was appointed by a decision of the 13th Politburo. Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-appointed for a third term as CMC Secretary, a position he has held since 2011.
