Kvass is a fermented, cereal-based, low-alcoholic beverage of cloudy appearance and sweet-sour taste.
The economy of Poland is an emerging and developing, high-income, industrialized, mixed economy that serves as the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP and fifth-largest by GDP (PPP). Poland boasts the extensive public services characteristic of most developed economies and is one of few countries in Europe to provide no tuition fees for undergraduate and postgraduate education and with universal public healthcare that is free at a point of use. Since 1988, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalisation but retained an advanced public welfare system. It ranks 20th worldwide in terms of GDP (PPP), 21st in terms of GDP (nominal), and 21st in the 2023 Economic Complexity Index. Among OECD nations, Poland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 22.7% of GDP.
Andrzej Zbigniew Lepper was a Polish politician, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Agriculture, and the leader of Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland. Known for his radical rhetoric and aggressive protests, Lepper was considered a far-left populist, compared to left-wing figures such as José Bové, Hugo Chávez, Evo Morales, and Juan Perón. He left a long-lasting impact on Polish politics, emerging as the "defender of the oppressed and (...) all working people, the weak, and the needy." He was particularly known for his Balcerowicz must go slogan, which he coined to protest the neoliberal Balcerowicz Plan that had deregulated and privatized Polish economy. Lepper considered the capitalist transition "economic genocide".
Bełchatów ( ) is a city in central Poland with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres southwest of Warsaw.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations. The head of the ministry holds a place in the Council of Ministers.
Czesław Adam Siekierski is a Polish politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), between 2004 and 2019, for the Lesser Poland Voivodship & Swietokrzyskie Voivodship with the Polish People's Party, part of the European People's Party. On 7 July 2014, Czesław Siekierski was elected Chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.
Janusz Czesław Wojciechowski is a Polish politician and was a long-standing Member of the European Parliament, elected from the Lodz Voivodship representing the Polish People's Party (PSL) (2004–2006), the Polish People's Party "Piast" (2006–2010) and, lately, Law and Justice. In 2016, he left the parliament to become a member of the Court of Auditors. Since 2019 he has been the European Commissioner for Agriculture.
The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions implemented by the Polish government. Each ministry is headed by a governmental minister selected by the Prime Minister, who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers. The current competences and regulations of the ministries were established under a series of central administrative reforms carried out by prime ministers Józef Oleksy and Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz between 1996 and 1997. Under legal regulations, the cabinet can create, combine, or dissolve ministries, with the Prime Minister determining the scope and responsibilities of ministers. The number and range of ministries has varied throughout the past.
Wojciech Michał Olejniczak is a Polish leftist politician and member of the European Parliament.
Zwoleń County is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zwoleń, which lies 104 kilometres (65 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
Henryk Kowalczyk is a Polish politician and teacher, who is serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development since 2021.
Marek Wacław Sawicki is a Polish politician who has been serving as a member of the Sejm since 1993. He also served as Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development on two occasions.
The Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs is a government department in the Northern Ireland Executive, the devolved administration for Northern Ireland. The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs. The department was called the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development between 1999 and 2016. The Minister of Agriculture previously existed in the Government of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972, where the department was known as the Ministry of Agriculture. The current Permanent Secretary is Katrina Godfrey.
Dariusz Szwed is a Polish politician, feminist, activist and expert on green economy and sustainable development. He is one of the trustees of the Green Institute Foundation and the chair of its Programme Council.
The Plan of Reconstructing the Economy, commonly known as the Three-Year Plan was a centralized plan created by the Polish communist government to rebuild Poland after the devastation of the Second World War. The plan was carried out between 1947 and 1949. It succeeded in its primary aim of largely rebuilding Poland from the devastation of the war, as well as in increasing output of Polish industry and agriculture.
The Party of Regions was a left-wing Polish non-parliamentary political party created in November 2007 and registered in February 2008. The Party of Regions was created by former members of Self-Defence and the Democratic Left Alliance after the parliamentary election in 2007, when Self-Defence support collapsed to far less than the 5% electoral threshold giving them no seats in the new legislature. Founders of the grouping included Krzysztof Filipek, Danuta Hojarska and Bolesław Borysiuk. For failure to disclose their financial records for the year 2015, they were struck off in early 2017.
Paweł Wojciechowski is a Polish economist.
Rural Solidarity is a trade union of Polish farmers, established in late 1980 as part of the growing Solidarity movement. Its legalization became possible on February 19, 1981, when officials of the government of the People's Republic of Poland signed the so-called Rzeszów - Ustrzyki Dolne Agreement with striking farmers. Previously, Communist government had refused farmers’ right to self-organize, which caused widespread strikes, with the biggest wave taking place in January 1981. The Rural Solidarity was officially recognized on May 12, 1981, and, strongly backed by the Catholic Church of Poland, it claimed to represent at least half of Poland's 3.2 million smallholders.
Mazurek is a variety of cake baked in Poland for Easter. It has a flat shape and is very sweet.
Poland has been a member state of the European Union since 1 May 2004, with the Treaty of Accession 2003 signed on 16 April 2003 in Athens as the legal basis for Poland's accession to the EU. The actual process of integrating Poland into the EU began with Poland's application for membership in Athens on 8 April 1994, and then the confirmation of the application by all member states in Essen from 9–10 December 1994. Poland's integration into the European Union is a dynamic and continuously ongoing process.
