![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (January 2009)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Minister of the Colonies | |
---|---|
Ministro per l'Africa italiana | |
Ministry of the Colonies | |
Status | Abolished |
Constituting instrument | Royal Decree n. 1205 |
Precursor | Central Direction of Colonial Affairs |
Formation | 21 November 1912 |
First holder | Pietro Bertolini |
Final holder | Alcide De Gasperi |
Abolished | 19 April 1953 |
The Ministry of the Colonies was the ministry of the government of the Kingdom of Italy responsible for the governing of the country's colonial possessions and the direction of their economies. It was set up on 20 November 1912 by Royal Decree n. 1205, turning the Central Direction of Colonial Affairs within the Ministry for Foreign Affairs into a separate ministry. Royal Decree n. 431 of 8 April 1937 renamed it the Ministry of Italian Africa after the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, which resulted in the Italian annexation of the Ethiopian Empire and the birth of Italian East Africa. It was suppressed on 19 April 1953 by law n. 430.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | Government | Ref. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
Minister of the Colonies | |||||||||
1 | ![]() | Pietro Bertolini (1859–1920) | 21 November 1912 | 21 March 1914 | 1 year, 120 days | Liberal Union | Giolitti IV | [1] | |
2 | ![]() | Ferdinando Martini (1841–1928) | 21 March 1914 | 18 June 1916 | 2 years, 89 days | Liberal Union | Salandra I–II | [2] [3] | |
3 | ![]() | Gaspare Colosimo (1859–1944) | 18 June 1916 | 23 June 1919 | 3 years, 5 days | Liberal Union | Boselli Orlando | [4] [5] | |
4 | | Luigi Rossi (1867–1941) | 23 June 1919 | 14 March 1920 | 265 days | Italian Radical Party | Nitti I | [6] | |
– | ![]() | Francesco Saverio Nitti (1867–1941) Acting | 14 March 1920 | 21 May 1920 | 68 days | Italian Radical Party | Nitti I | [6] | |
5 | ![]() | Meuccio Ruini (1867–1941) | 21 May 1920 | 15 June 1920 | 25 days | Italian Radical Party | Nitti II | [7] | |
(4) | | Luigi Rossi (1867–1941) | 15 June 1920 | 4 July 1921 | 1 year, 19 days | Italian Radical Party | Giolitti V | [8] | |
6 | ![]() | Giuseppe Girardini (1856–1923) | 4 July 1921 | 26 February 1922 | 237 days | Social Democracy | Bonomi I | [9] | |
7 | ![]() | Giovanni Amendola (1882–1926) | 26 February 1922 | 30 October 1922 | 246 days | Democratic Liberal Party | Facta I–II | [10] [11] | |
8 | ![]() | Luigi Federzoni (1878–1967) | 26 February 1922 | 3 June 1924 | 2 years, 98 days | Nationalist Association | Mussolini | [12] | |
9 | ![]() | Pietro Lanza di Scalea (1863–1938) | 3 June 1924 | 6 November 1926 | 2 years, 156 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
(8) | ![]() | Luigi Federzoni (1878–1967) | 6 November 1926 | 18 December 1928 | 42 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
– | ![]() | Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) Acting | 18 December 1928 | 12 September 1929 | 268 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
10 | ![]() | Emilio De Bono (1866–1944) | 12 September 1929 | 17 January 1935 | 5 years, 127 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
– | ![]() | Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) Acting | 17 January 1935 | 11 June 1936 | 1 year, 146 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
11 | ![]() | Alessandro Lessona (1891–1991) | 11 June 1936 | 8 April 1937 | 301 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [12] | |
Minister of Italian Africa | |||||||||
(11) | ![]() | Alessandro Lessona (1891–1991) | 8 April 1937 | 20 November 1937 | 226 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [13] | |
12 | ![]() | Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) | 20 November 1937 | 31 October 1939 | 1 year, 345 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [13] | |
13 | ![]() | Attilio Teruzzi (1882–1950) | 31 October 1939 | 25 July 1943 | 3 years, 267 days | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | [13] | |
14 | ![]() | Melchiade Gabba (1874–1952) | 27 July 1943 | 11 February 1944 | 199 days | Independent | Badoglio I | – | |
– | ![]() | Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956) Acting | 11 February 1944 | 8 June 1944 | 118 days | Independent | Badoglio I–II | – | |
– | ![]() | Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951) Acting | 18 June 1944 | 21 June 1945 | 1 year, 13 days | Labour Democratic Party | Bonomi II–III | – | |
16 | ![]() | Ferruccio Parri (1890–1981) | 21 June 1945 | 8 December 1945 | 170 days | Action Party | Parri | [14] | |
17 | ![]() | Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) | 10 December 1945 | 19 April 1953 | 7 years, 132 days | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi I–II–III–IV–V–VI–VII | [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] |
Victor Emmanuel III, born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia, was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy, he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–1941) and King of the Albanians (1939–1943). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of the Fascist regime in Italy.
The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Constitution of Italy; the president of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the president of the Republic and must have the confidence of the Parliament to stay in office.
Giovanni Giolitti was an Italian statesman. He was the Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921. He is the longest-serving democratically elected Prime Minister in Italian history, and the second-longest serving overall after Benito Mussolini. A prominent leader of the Historical Left and the Liberal Union, he is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history; due to his dominant position in Italian politics, Giolitti was accused by critics of being an authoritarian leader and a parliamentary dictator.
Antonio Segni was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from May 1962 to December 1964, and as the prime minister of Italy in two distinct terms between 1955 and 1960.
The March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration and a coup d'état in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. In late October 1922, Fascist Party leaders planned an insurrection to take place by marching on the capital. On 28 October, the fascist demonstrators and Blackshirt paramilitaries approached Rome; Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III, who, fearing bloodshed, persuaded Facta to resign by threatening to abdicate. On 30 October 1922, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. On 31 October the fascist Blackshirts paraded in Rome, while Mussolini formed his coalition government.
Adone Alvaro Ugo Natale Camillo Zoli was an Italian politician who served as the 35th prime minister of Italy from May 1957 to July 1958; he was the first senator to have ever held the office.
Ivanoe Bonomi was an Italian politician and journalist who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1921 to 1922 and again from 1944 to 1945.
This article covers the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars. The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 2 June 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process, the Risorgimento, of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state.
Giuseppe Pella was an Italian Christian Democratic politician who served as the 31st prime minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. He was also Minister of Treasury, Budget and of Foreign Affairs during the 1950s and early 1960s. Pella served as President of the European Parliament from 1954 to 1956 after the death of Alcide De Gasperi.
Radiosomaggismo describes a brief period of popular demonstrations in a number of Italian cities in May 1915, demanding the country’s entry into the First World War.
The Minister of the Interior in Italy is one of the most important positions in the Italian Council of Ministers and leads the Ministry of the Interior. The current Minister is prefect Matteo Piantedosi, appointed on 22 October 22 in the Meloni Cabinet.
The Minister of Defence is a senior member of the Italian Cabinet who leads the Ministry of Defence. The minister is responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces.
The Minister of Health in Italy is one of the positions in the Italian government. The ministry was officially established in 1958, with Vincenzo Monaldi, of the Christian Democracy, serving as the first minister. From 1946 to 1958, the position was held by a High Commissioners for Hygiene and Public Health, who was not a minister but a special commissioner. Nicola Perrotti, of the Italian Socialist Party, served as the first high commissioner.
The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 2 June 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The kingdom was established through the unification of several states over a decades-long process, called the Risorgimento. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state.
Events from the year 1914 in Italy.
Marcello Soleri was an Italian politician and an officer of the prestigious Alpini infantry corps. He is widely viewed as one of the leading exponents of political liberalism in twentieth century Italy. Soleri was a Member of Parliament between 1913 and 1929. During 1921/22 he served successively as Italian Minister of Finance and as Italian Minister of War. After the fall of Mussolini he returned to government in 1944 as Italian Minister of Treasury under Prime Minister Bonomi.
The Minister of the Air Force of Italy, was the minister responsible for the Ministry of the Air Force. The position was created during the Mussolini Cabinet and was abolished with the creation of the position for Minister of Defence.
The Minister of War of Italy, was the minister responsible for the Ministry of War and the Royal Italian Army. The position was abolished with the creation of the position for Minister of Defence.
Alfredo Falcioni was an Italian politician. He was a lawyer, councilor and president of the provincial council of Novara. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1900, he was loyal to Giovanni Giolitti and was re-elected continuously until 1924.