Attilio Teruzzi (5 May 1882 –26 April 1950) was an Italian soldier,colonial administrator,and Fascist politician.
Born in Milan,Teruzzi completed military studies and was promoted colonel in the Italian Army at the unusual age of 28. In 1911,he served in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War –taking part in the victory at Misrata (Misrata). He later captured Nalut,and was wounded in the battle over Fezzan –being awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor.
After service in World War I (when he was again decorated),Teruzzi took leave from the army in 1920,in order to engage in Fascist politics. He was an enthusiastic adherent to Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party,and the party's deputy-secretary in 1921 –the year he also took part in the March on Rome,as a commander of Blackshirt squads from Emilia-Romagna. After the Fascist takeover,Teruzzi was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1924 and gained successive terms.
An undersecretary in the Ministry of the Interior in 1925–26,Teruzzi was governor of Cyrenaica in 1926–28,before returning to the military. He was Chief of Staff for the MVSN (the Milizia formed by the Blackshirts) from 1935;from 1937 to 1939,he was undersecretary in the Ministry for Italian Africa (Libya and Italian East Africa),and titular Minister from 1939 to 1943. During the Spanish Civil War,Teruzzi was promoted to Lieutenant General and appointed Inspector General of the Blackshirts.
After Mussolini's ousting and Italy's exit from the World War II Axis Powers –through the armistice in Cassibile at the end of July 1943,Teruzzi followed Il Duce in his Nazi-backed refuge in Northern Italy,and helped found the Fascist Italian Social Republic. He was also one of its most prestigious military leaders. In 1945,as the regime crumbled,rumours circulated that he died,instead he was kept prisoner in Procida,after receiving a 30-year sentence. He died only 20 days after his release in 1950. [1] [2]
Rodolfo Graziani,1st Marquis of Neghelli,was an Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's Royal Army,primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and during World War II. A dedicated fascist and prominent member of the National Fascist Party,he was a key figure in the Italian military during the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini.
Italo Balbo was an Italian fascist politician and Blackshirts' leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force,Governor-General of Italian Libya and Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa. Due to his young age,he was sometimes seen as a possible successor to dictator Benito Mussolini.
Dino Grandi,1st Conte di Mordano,was an Italian Fascist politician,minister of justice,minister of foreign affairs and president of Parliament.
The Auxiliary Corps of the Black Shirts' Action Squads,most widely known as the Black Brigades,was one of the Fascist paramilitary groups,organized and run by the Republican Fascist Party operating in the Italian Social Republic,during the final years of World War II,and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943. They were officially led by Alessandro Pavolini,former Minister of Culture of the fascist era during the last years of Fascist Italy.
The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 17 March 1861,when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy,until 2 June 1946,when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process,the Risorgimento,of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia,which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state. In 1866,Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome in 1870,ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power. Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1882,following strong disagreements with France about their respective colonial expansions. Although relations with Berlin became very friendly,the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal,due in part to Italy's desire to acquire Trentino and Trieste from Austria-Hungary. As a result,Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allied Powers during World War I,as the western powers promised territorial compensation for participation that was more generous than Vienna's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality. Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations.
Giuseppe Bottai was an Italian journalist and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.
Giacomo Acerbo,Baron of Aterno,was an Italian economist and politician. He is best known for having drafted the Acerbo Law that allowed the National Fascist Party (PNF) to achieve a supermajority of two-thirds of the Italian Parliament after the 1924 Italian general election,which saw intimidation tactics against voters.
Cesare Maria De Vecchi,1st Conte di Val Cismon was an Italian soldier,colonial administrator and fascist politician.
Ubaldo Soddu was an Italian general and politician who held the position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army and Undersecretary of State for War during the initial phases of World War II. On 13 June 1940,immediately after the outbreak of hostilities with France and the United Kingdom,he assumed the position of deputy chief of the General Staff. Promoted to army general,he replaced general Sebastiano Visconti Prasca as commander of the Albanian Higher Troop Command during the Greco-Italian War on 8 November 1940. Because of the defeat Italian troops suffered between 22 and 23 November 1940,he was replaced after four weeks in command by the Italian Royal Army's chief of staff,General Ugo Cavallero.
The National Fascist Party was a political party in Italy,created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943,when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. The National Fascist Party was succeeded by the Republican Fascist Party in the territories under the control of the Italian Social Republic,and it was ultimately dissolved at the end of World War II.
Libya was a colony of Italy located in North Africa,in what is now modern Libya,between 1934 and 1943. It was formed from the unification of the colonies of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania,which had been Italian possessions since 1911.
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who was the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922,until his overthrow in 1943. He was also Duce of Italian fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919,until his summary execution in 1945. He founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). As a dictator and founder of fascism,Mussolini inspired the international spread of fascist movements during the interwar period.
This is a list of words,terms,concepts,and slogans in the Italian language and Latin language which were specifically used in Fascist Italian monarchy and Italian Social Republic.
The Voluntary Militia for National Security,commonly called the Blackshirts or squadristi,was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party,known as the Squadrismo,and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule,similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini,the Duce (leader) of Fascism,to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals,former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew,and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents. In 1943,following the fall of the Fascist regime,the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.
Antonio Sorice was an Italian general during World War II,Undersecretary for War from February to July 1943 and Minister of War from July 1943 to February 1944.
Renato Coturri was an Italian general during World War II.
Federico Baistrocchi was an Italian general during the interwar period and World War II. He served as State Undersecretary for War from 1933 to 1936 and as Chief of Staff of the Royal Italian Army from 1934 to 1936. He was also a member of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy.
Archimede Mischi was an Italian Blackshirt general during World War II.
Francesco Saverio Grazioli was an Italian general and politician who was a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy from May 10,1929,to August 5,1943. He was also a veteran of World War I,commanding the VIII Corps during the Italian front and at the Battle of Caporetto.
Italian Governors of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica | |
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Governors of Tripolitania (1911–1934) | |
Governors of Cyrenaica (1912–1935) | |
tc = G. of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. v = Deputy of the G. of Cyrenaica (G. of Tripolitania). h = Honorary since 1-1-1934. |