Luigi Razza (1892–1935) was an Italian journalist and fascist politician who died in an aviation accident in Cairo while serving as the minister of public works. A member of the National Fascist Party,he held several significant posts during the Fascist rule in Italy.
Razza was born in Monteleone di Calabria on 12 December 1892. [1] His parents were Leone and Carmela De Luca,and Razza the eldest of three brothers (Domenico and Giuseppe). [2] Razza obtained a high school diploma in 1912. [2] He later received a law degree in Milan. [1]
Moving to Apulia in 1912,Razza joined the trade union organization of peasants first in Lecce and then in Corato,Monopoli,and Cerignola. [2] He founded some newspapers and directed them,such as Il Tribuno Salentino, Il Risorgimento ,and La Ragione. [2] In April 1914,following a violent general strike,Razza fled to Milan where he clandestinely continued to work for the Unione Sindacale Italiana. [2] Razza was the editor of Il Popolo d'Italia between 1914 and 1919. [1] He was a member of the central committee and then secretary of the Italian fascist revolutionary action from 1914 to 1916. [2] On 23 March 1919,he was appointed secretary of the fascist group in Trentino. [2] He participated in the March on Rome in 1922. [1] Razza joined Edmondo Rossoni's fascist trade union organization and became its secretary. [3] In 1923,he was appointed secretary of the local Federation of Fascist Trade Unions in Milan,and at the same time he was appointed its deputy secretary general. [4] In 1924,he was elected a deputy from Tuscany. [2]
Rossoni appointed Razza secretary of the National Fascist Agricultural Union,a position he held until 1932. [5] He was then made a member of the Fascist Grand Council. [1] In 1930,Razza was named first commissioner of the newly established Commissariat for Migration and Internal Colonization which he held until 1933. [2] Next he was appointed minister of public works to the Mussolini Cabinet in January 1935,but his term was short lived due to his death in August that year. [1] [2]
Razza was sent by Benito Mussolini to East Africa for a mission on 7 August 1935. [2] His plane exploded after taking off from Cairo to Asmara,and he died in the incident with four crews,his secretary,Vincenzo Minasi,and Baron Raimondo Franchetti. [1] [2] A funeral ceremony was held in Rome with the attendance of Mussolini on 19 August for seven victims of the accident. [6]
The March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. In late October 1922,Fascist Party leaders planned a march on the capital. On 28 October,the fascist demonstrators and Blackshirt paramilitaries approached Rome;Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege,but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III,who,fearing bloodshed,persuaded Facta to resign by threatening to abdicate. On 30 October 1922,the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister,thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. On 31 October the fascist Blackshirts paraded in Rome,while Mussolini formed his coalition government.
Achille Starace was a prominent leader of Fascist Italy before and during World War II.
Edmondo Rossoni was a revolutionary syndicalist leader and an Italian fascist politician who became involved in the fascist syndicalist movement during Benito Mussolini's regime.
The Fasci Italiani di Combattimento was an Italian fascist organisation created by Benito Mussolini in 1919. It was the successor of the Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria,being notably further right than its predecessor. The Fasci Italiani di Combattimento was reorganised into the National Fascist Party in 1921.
Il Popolo d'Italia was an Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943. It was founded by Benito Mussolini as a pro-war newspaper during World War I,and it later became the main newspaper of the Fascist movement in Italy after the war. It published editions every day with the exception of Mondays.
Corrado Alvaro was an Italian journalist and writer of novels,short stories,screenplays and plays. He often used the verismo style to describe the hopeless poverty in his native Calabria. His first success was Gente in Aspromonte,which examined the exploitation of rural peasants by greedy landowners in Calabria,and is considered by many critics to be his masterpiece.
Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster was an Italian Catholic prelate and professed member from the Benedictines who served as the Archbishop of Milan from 1929 until his death. He became known as Ildefonso as a Benedictine monk and served as an abbot prior to his elevation to the cardinalate.
Ettore Ovazza was an Italian Jewish banker. He was an early financer of Benito Mussolini,whom he was a personal friend of,and a strong supporter of Italian fascism,. He founded the journal La nostra bandiera. Believing that his position would be restored after the war,Ovazza stayed on after the Germans occupied Italy. Together with his wife and children,shortly after the Fall of Fascism and Mussolini's government during World War II,he was killed near the Swiss border by SS troops in 1943.
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922,until his deposition in 1943,as well as Duce of Italian fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919,until his execution in 1945. As a dictator and founder of fascism,Mussolini inspired the international spread of fascist movements during the interwar period.
Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli was an Italian engineer and politician. From 1935 to 1939,he was member of Benito Mussolini's Italian fascist government as minister of public works.
Events from the year 1922 in Italy. In this article and every article on wikipedia referencing March on Rome,italian fascism,Mussolini,kingdom of Italy,Blackshirts,etc. the date is given as 1922 rather than 1932. Britannica.com also uses 1922.
Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23,1919,where he proclaimed the principles of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento,and then published them in Il Popolo d'Italia,on June 6,1919,the newspaper he co-founded in November 1914 after leaving Avanti!
The Sandro Italico Mussolini School of Fascist Mysticism was established in Milan,Italy in 1930 by NiccolòGiani. Its primary goal was to train the future leaders of Italy's National Fascist Party. The school curriculum promoted Fascist mysticism based on the philosophy of Fideism,the belief that faith and reason were incompatible;Fascist mythology was to be accepted as a "metareality". In 1932,Mussolini described Fascism as "a religious concept of life",saying that Fascists formed a "spiritual community".
National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism to suit the broader agenda of integral nationalism. National syndicalism developed in France in the early 20th century,and then spread to Italy,Spain,and Portugal.
Giulio Cogni was an Italian writer,racial theorist,music composer and music critic.
Fascist syndicalism was an Italian trade syndicate movement that rose out of the pre-World War II provenance of the revolutionary syndicalist movement led mostly by Edmondo Rossoni,Sergio Panunzio,Angelo Oliviero Olivetti,Michele Bianchi,Alceste De Ambris,Paolo Orano,Massimo Rocca,and Guido Pighetti,under the influence of Georges Sorel,who was considered the "'metaphysician' of syndicalism". The fascist syndicalists differed from other forms of fascism in that they generally favored class struggle,worker-controlled factories and hostility to industrialists,which lead historians to portray them as "leftist fascist idealists" who "differed radically from right fascists." Generally considered one of the more radical fascist syndicalists in Italy,Rossoni was the "leading exponent of fascist syndicalism",and sought to infuse nationalism with "class struggle".
Carlo Tiengo was an Italian Fascist politician and civil servant,Minister of Corporations of the Kingdom of Italy from February to April 1943 and member of the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations. He also served as prefect in several Italian cities,including Trieste,Milan and Turin.
Araldo di Crollalanza (1892–1986) was an Italian journalist and politician who held significant posts in Fascist Italy. He was the minister of public works between 1930 and 1935 and a long-term member of the Italian Senate.
Baron Pietro De Francisci was an Italian jurist and Fascist politician who served as Minister of Justice from 1932 to 1935.
The Italian Labour Union was an Italian national syndicalist trade union,active between 1918 and 1925. It is not to be confused with the current homonymous trade union established in 1950,which has no connection nor continuity with it,if not in the name.
Members of Mussolini Cabinet | ||
---|---|---|
Head of government and duce of Fascism | ||
Minister of Aeronautics (since 1925) | ||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | ||
Minister of Agriculture (abolished in 1923) | ||
Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (since 1929) | ||
Minister of the Colonies (abolished in 1937) | ||
Minister of Italian Africa (since 1937) | ||
Minister of Communications (since 1924) | ||
Minister of Corporations (since 1926) | ||
Ministry of Popular Culture (since 1937) | ||
Minister of the Interior | ||
Minister of Domestic Economy | ||
Minister of Domestic Education | ||
Minister of Finance | ||
Minister of Justice and Affairs of Religion | ||
Minister of Industry and Commerce | ||
Minister of Public Works | ||
Minister of War | ||
Minister of Labour and Social Security | ||
Minister of Posts and Telegraphs | ||
Minister of War Production (since 6 February 1943) | ||
Minister of Public Education | ||
Minister of Trades and Currencies | ||
Minister of Press and Propaganda | ||
Minister of Freed Territories from Enemies (abolished on 5 February 1923) | ||
Minister of Treasure (merged into Ministry of Finance on 31 December 1922) |