Guyana is a parliamentary republic in which the President of Guyana is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President,advised by a cabinet. Legislative power is vested in both the President and the National Assembly of Guyana. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies,the British Overseas Territories,some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 August 1833 to hear appeals formerly heard by the King-in-Council,the Privy Council formerly acted as the court of last resort for the entire British Empire,other than for the United Kingdom itself.
The Constitution of Pakistan,also known as the 1973 Constitution,is the supreme law of Pakistan. The document guides Pakistan's law,political culture,and system. It sets out the state's outline,the fundamental rights of the population,the state's law and orders,and also the structure and establishment of the institutions and the armed forces. Drafted by the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,with additional assistance from the country's opposition parties,it was unanimously approved by the 5th Parliament on 10 April and ratified on 14 August 1973. The first three chapters establish the rules,mandate,and separate powers of the three branches of the government:a bicameral legislature;an executive branch governed by the Prime Minister as chief executive;and an apex federal judiciary headed by Supreme Court. The Constitution designates the President of Pakistan as a ceremonial Head of State who is to represent the unity of the state. The first six articles of the constitution outline the political system as federal parliamentary republic system;as well as Islam as its state religion. The Constitution also encapsulates provisions stipulating the legal system's compliance with Islamic injunctions contained in the Quran and Sunnah.
Bharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been serving as Vice President of Guyana since 2020,in the administration of President Irfaan Ali. He had previously also held the office from 1997 until 1999,during the presidency of Janet Jagan. Jagdeo subsequently served as the President of Guyana from 11 August 1999 to 3 December 2011. He also holds a number of global leadership positions in the areas of sustainable development,green growth and climate change.
Elections in Guyana take place within the framework of a multi-party representative democracy and a presidential system. The National Assembly is directly elected,with the nominee of the party or alliance that receives the most votes becoming President.
Since its establishment in 1947,Pakistan has had a non-symmetric federal government and is a federal parliamentary democratic republic. At the national level,the people of Pakistan elect a bicameral legislature,the Parliament of Pakistan. The parliament consists of a lower house called the National Assembly,which is elected directly via first-past-the-post voting,and an upper house called the Senate,whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The head of government,the Prime Minister,is elected by the majority members of the National Assembly and the head of state,the President,is elected by the Electoral College,which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies,Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments.
The People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) is a major political party in Guyana. As of 2020,the party holds 33 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly and forms the government. It has been the ruling party in the past as well,most recently between 1992 and 2015. In Guyana's ethnically divided political landscape,the PPP/C is a multi-ethnic organization.
The People's National Congress Reform (PNCR) is a social-democratic and democratic socialist political party in Guyana led by Aubrey Norton. The party currently holds 31 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly. In Guyana's ethnically divided political landscape,the PNCR is a multi-ethnic organization.
The Caribbean Court of Justice is the judicial institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Established in 2005,it is based in Port of Spain,Trinidad and Tobago.
The National Assembly is one of the two components of the Parliament of Guyana. Under Article 51 of the Constitution of Guyana,the Parliament of Guyana consists of the president and the National Assembly. The National Assembly has 65 members elected using the system of proportional representation. Twenty five are elected from the ten geographical constituencies and forty are awarded at the national level on the basis of block votes secured,using the LR-Hare Formula as prescribed by the elections Laws (Amendment) Act 15 of 2000.
Lesbian,gay,bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) persons in Belize face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT citizens,although attitudes have been changing in recent years. Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in Belize in 2016,when the Supreme Court declared Belize's anti-sodomy law unconstitutional. Belize's constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex,which Belizean courts have interpreted to include sexual orientation.
The Constitution of Guyana is the highest governing document in the Republic of Guyana. It came into effect on October 6,1980,replacing the constitution enacted in 1966 upon its independence from the United Kingdom. The current Constitution of Guyana contains 12 chapters that are further divided into 232 articles. It also contains a preamble and an oath. Since its 1980 enactment,it has gone through multiple amendments.
Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez,531 U.S. 533 (2001),is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning the constitutionality of funding restrictions imposed by the United States Congress. At issue were restrictions on the Legal Services Corporation (LSC),a private,nonprofit corporation established by Congress. The restrictions prohibited LSC attorneys from representing clients attempting to amend existing welfare law. The case was brought by Carmen Velazquez,whose LSC-funded attorneys sought to challenge existing welfare provisions since they believed that it was the only way to get Velazquez financial relief.
The Official Gazette of Guyana is the government gazette of Guyana.
The Ministry of Legal Affairs and Attorney General's Chambers ensures that proper legal services are provided to the Government of Guyana,as well as statutory services to the public. The Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs is the head of the chambers. The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Legal affairs handles administrative responsibilities for the departments within the Ministry and is the Accounting Officer. The Advice and Litigation Division and the Drafting Division of the Attorney General's Chambers are headed by the Attorney General and Chief Parliamentary Counsel respectively.
Snap general elections were held in Guyana on 2 March 2020. They were called early after the government of President David A. Granger lost a vote of no confidence by a margin of 33–32 on 21 December 2018,the government having held a one-seat majority since the 2015 elections. However,one of its own MPs,Charrandas Persaud of the Alliance for Change (AFC),voted with the opposition. Granger announced on 25 September 2019 that the elections would be held on 2 March 2020.
Mohamed Irfaan Ali is a Guyanese politician serving as the tenth and current president of Guyana since 2020. A member of the People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C),he previously served as the minister of Housing and Water from 2009 to 2015. He is the first Muslim to hold office,and is the second Muslim head of state in the Americas after Noor Hassanali of Trinidad and Tobago.
Mark Anthony Phillips is a Guyanese politician and retired military officer who is the prime minister of Guyana and first vice president under President Irfaan Ali since August 2020. He served as the chief of staff of the Guyana Defence Force from 2013 to 2016. He graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in September 1981.
Oneidge Walrond is a Guyanese politician. She is the current Minister of Tourism,Industry,and Commerce in Guyana. Walrond was appointed Minister by President Irfaan Ali on August 5,2020.
General elections are constitutionally mandated to be held in Guyana by December 2025 to elect members of the National Assembly and the President of Guyana. The incumbent President is Mohamed Irfaan Ali,who was elected in the March 2020 elections. He is eligible to seek a second and final term,with the constitution limiting presidents to two terms.
Guyanese 