Mohammed Esmail Kiram

Last updated
Mohammed Esmail Kiram
Sultan of Sulu (titular)
Reign20 November 1950 [1] – 1974
Predecessor
Successor Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram
Died1974
Issue
House Kiram
Father Muwallil Wasit II
MotherMora Napsa
Religion Sunni Islam

Sultan Mohammed Esmail Enang Kiram [3] was the 33rd sultan of Sulu, a position which he held from 1950 until his death in 1974. [4]

Contents

He never controlled territory, as the remaining sovereignty of the Sulu monarchy had been surrendered to the United States in 1915, which limited him to a ceremonial role. Nevertheless, he in practice enjoyed official recognition as a non-sovereign monarch by the government of the Philippines after 1962. This was mostly done as a means to legitimize the Philippines' claims to Sabah, a former territory of the Sultanate of Sulu, in the North Borneo dispute. [5]

Personal life

He was the eldest son of Raja Muda Muwallil Wasit II and Mora Napsa. [6] He initially claimed the title of sultan after his father's death in 1936, but was persuaded by Dayang Dayang Piandao, heiress to the late Jamalul Kiram II, to initially give up his claim and become her husband Ombra Amilbangsa's Raja Muda (Crown Prince) instead. [7] On 20 November 1950, after the death of Jainal Abidin (born Datu Tambuyong), another claimant to the throne, he was acclaimed as sultan of Sulu. [1]

History

In 1962, amid the negotiations for the incorporation of Sabah into what would become Malaysia, he authorized the formal transfer of that territory, formerly known as North Borneo (controlled by Sulu until a controversial 1878 cession), to the Philippine government under the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal, in the first steps of what was to become the North Borneo dispute. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

He met with President Ferdinand Marcos in 1979. The Philippine government then officially recognized the continued existence of the Sultanate of Sulu as a legal entity.

Mohammed Esmail died in 1974 and was duly succeeded by his eldest son and Raja Muda (Crown Prince) Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram. The accession of the new sultan was recognized and supported by the Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos. [6]

References

  1. 1 2 "New Sultan of Sulu Named". The New York Times. 1950-11-20. Retrieved 2025-06-15.
  2. ↑ "Line of succession of the Sultans of Sulu of the Modern Era". Official Gazette of the Government of the Philippines. Government of the Philippines. 26 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  3. ↑ Today, Philippine Muslim (2020-08-06). "Sultan of Sulu to revive Sabah Claim; asserts sovereignty, proprietary rights". PHILIPPINE MUSLIM TODAY. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  4. ↑ Omar, Ibrahim S. (July 10, 2018). Diary of a Colonized Native:(Years of Hidden Colonial Slavery). Singapore: Partridge Publishing. ISBN   9781543743272.
  5. ↑ Kadir, Norizan; Mansor, Suffian (October 2017). "Reviving the Sultanate of Sulu Through its Claim over Sabah, 1962-1986" (PDF). Akademika. 87 (3): 129. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  6. 1 2 "Line of Succession of the Sultans of Sulu of the Modern Era". Official Gazette. Government of the Philippines. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  7. ↑ Manuel L. Quezon III (2013-03-01). "North Borneo (Sabah): An annotated timeline 1640s-present". The Explainer. Retrieved 2025-06-15.
  8. ↑ "Cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and aprroval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  9. ↑ "Acceptance by the Republic of the Philippines of the cession and transfer of the terriroty of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and approval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  10. ↑ "Duterte unlikely to discuss Sabah with Malaysian PM in meeting". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  11. ↑ "Official Week in Review: July 11 – July 17, 1969 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  12. ↑ "A Proclamation | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
Flag of the Philippines.svg Crystal Clear app Login Manager 2.png

This Filipino biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.