Bibliography
Selected books
- High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids (1993) ISBN 978-0387979649
- Intelligent Robotic Systems: Modeling & Simulation (1994) ISBN 978-1884077005
- Energy, Matter, Intelligence and Life (EMIL); The Evolution of EMIL (2000) ISBN 978-1884077067
- Artificial Muscles: Applications of Advanced Polymeric Nano Composites (2007) ISBN 978-1584887133
- Robotic Surgery: Smart Materials, Robotic Structures and Artificial Muscles (2014) ISBN 978-9814316231
- Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs): Smart Multi-Functional Materials and Artificial Muscles, Volume 2 (2015) ISBN 978-1782627210
- Fundamentals of Smart Materials (2020) ISBN 978-1782626459
- Artificial Muscles: Applications of Advanced Polymeric Nano Composites CRC Press, Second Edition' (2022) ISBN 978-0-367-85790-5
Selected articles
- Shahinpoor, M., & Kim, K. J. (2001). "Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals". Smart Materials and Structures , 10(4), 819.
- Shahinpoor, M., Bar-Cohen, Y., Simpson, J. O., & Smith, J. (1998). "Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles-a review". Smart Materials and Structures, 7(6), R15.
- Shahinpoor, M., & Kim, K. J. (2004). "Ionic polymer–metal composites: IV. Industrial and medical applications". Smart Materials and Structures, 14(1), 197.
- Kim, K. J., & Shahinpoor, M. (2003). "Ionic polymer–metal composites: II. Manufacturing techniques". Smart Materials and Structures, 12(1), 65.
- Shahinpoor, M., & Kim, K. J. (2004). "Ionic polymer–metal composites: III. Modeling and simulation as biomimetic sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles". Smart Materials and Structures, 13(6), 1362.
Related Research Articles
An actuator is a component of a machine that produces force, torque, or displacement, usually in a controlled way, when an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic input is supplied to it in a system. An actuator converts such an input signal into the required form of mechanical energy. It is a type of transducer. In simple terms, it is a "mover".
Bionics or biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design engineering systems and modern technology.
Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds. Smart materials are the basis of many applications, including sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, particularly as electroactive polymers (EAPs).
David Hanson Jr. is an American roboticist who is the founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Hanson Robotics, a Hong Kong-based robotics company founded in 2013.
An electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that exhibits a change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field. The most common applications of this type of material are in actuators and sensors. A typical characteristic property of an EAP is that they will undergo a large amount of deformation while sustaining large forces.
The armwrestling match of EAP robotic arm against human (AMERAH) is a challenge posed by Yoseph Bar-Cohen of the JPL in 1999. The initial challenge is to create a simple human-like robotic arm which, using electroactive polymers (EAP) as artificial muscles, can beat a human opponent in an arm wrestling match. The ultimate goal, however, is to create an arm using EAP as similar as possible to a human arm, which can beat any human in an arm wrestling competition. The competition aims to stimulate research in the field of electroactive polymers, as well as arouse interest both in the general public and among potential investors.
Yoseph Bar-Cohen is a physicist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory who specializes in electroactive materials and ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE), and is responsible for the Nondestructive Evaluation and Advance Actuators (NDEAA) lab at JPL. Bar-Cohen is a fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) and the American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT).
Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) are synthetic composite nanomaterials that display artificial muscle behavior under an applied voltage or electric field. IPMCs are composed of an ionic polymer like Nafion or Flemion whose surfaces are chemically plated or physically coated with conductors such as platinum or gold. Under an applied voltage, ion migration and redistribution due to the imposed voltage across a strip of IPMCs result in a bending deformation. Also, IPMCs can be ionic hydrogel which is being immersed in an electrolyte solution and connected to the electric field indirectly.
Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are smart material systems that produce large strains and are promising for Soft robotics, Artificial muscle, etc. They belong to the group of electroactive polymers (EAP). DE actuators (DEA) transform electric energy into mechanical work and vice versa. Thus, they can be used as both actuators, sensors, and energy-harvesting devices. They have high elastic energy density and fast response due to being lightweight, highly stretchable, and operating under the electrostatic principle. They have been investigated since the late 1990s. Many prototype applications exist. Every year, conferences are held in the US and Europe.
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state to their original (permanent) shape when induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as temperature change.
Biomimetic materials are materials developed using inspiration from nature. This may be useful in the design of composite materials. Natural structures have inspired and innovated human creations. Notable examples of these natural structures include: honeycomb structure of the beehive, strength of spider silks, bird flight mechanics, and shark skin water repellency. The etymological roots of the neologism "biomimetic" derive from Greek, since bios means "life" and mimetikos means "imitative".
Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and practice of the design, construction, operation, and use of robots.
Qiming Zhang is a distinguished professor of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. He is also the vice President & CTO at Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc.
Gordon Wallace, AO, FAA, FTSE, FRACI is a leading scientist in the field of electromaterials. His students and collaborators have pioneered the use of nanotechnology in conjunction with organic conductors to create new materials for energy conversion and storage as well as medical bionics. He has developed new approaches to fabrication that allow material properties discovered in the nano world to be translated into micro structures and macro scopic devices.
Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.
Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness, reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus. The three basic actuation responses—contraction, expansion, and rotation—can be combined within a single component to produce other types of motions. Conventional motors and pneumatic linear or rotary actuators do not qualify as artificial muscles, because there is more than one component involved in the actuation.
Electronic skin refers to flexible, stretchable and self-healing electronics that are able to mimic functionalities of human or animal skin. The broad class of materials often contain sensing abilities that are intended to reproduce the capabilities of human skin to respond to environmental factors such as changes in heat and pressure.
Projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL) adapts 3D printing technology for micro-fabrication. Digital micro display technology provides dynamic stereolithography masks that work as a virtual photomask. This technique allows for rapid photopolymerization of an entire layer with a flash of UV illumination at micro-scale resolution. The mask can control individual pixel light intensity, allowing control of material properties of the fabricated structure with desired spatial distribution.
Soft robotics is a subfield of robotics that concerns the design, control, and fabrication of robots composed of compliant materials, instead of rigid links. In contrast to rigid-bodied robots built from metals, ceramics and hard plastics, the compliance of soft robots can improve their safety when working in close contact with humans.
The piezoelectrochemical transducer effect (PECT) is a coupling between the electrochemical potential and the mechanical strain in ion-insertion-based electrode materials. It is similar to the piezoelectric effect – with both exhibiting a voltage-strain coupling - although the PECT effect relies on movement of ions within a material microstructure, rather than charge accumulation from the polarization of electric dipole moments.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Mohsen Shahinpoor, Ph.D., P.E." 15 November 2023.
- ↑ "Artificial muscles: Applications of advanced polymeric nanocomposites".
- ↑ "High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids".
- ↑ "Fundamentals of Smart Materials [Book Review]".
- ↑ "RSC Smart Materials" (PDF).
- 1 2 "mohsen shahinpoor; Professor and Chair".
- ↑ "2015 Archive – NAI Fellows in the Press". 8 November 2023.
- ↑ "Albuquerque inventor revolutionizes the field of robotics".
- ↑ "International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems".
- ↑ "Home".
- ↑ "The arm wrestling match between an EAP actuated robotic arm and a human".
- ↑ Shahinpoor, M. (1992). "Conceptual design, kinematics and dynamics of swimming robotic structures using ionic polymeric gel muscles". Smart Materials and Structures. 1 (1): 91–94. Bibcode:1992SMaS....1...91S. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/1/1/014. S2CID 250915464.
- ↑ "Surgical correction of human eye refractive errors by active composite artificial muscle implants".
- ↑ "Heat Shrink Scleral Band With Custom-Made Buckle For Retinal Detachment Surgery".
- ↑ "Mechanical engineer creates robot Venus Flytrap".
- ↑ "Robotic Venus flytrap aids artificial muscle research".
- ↑ "Researcher Looks to Venus Flytraps to Develop Artificial Muscles". 20 March 2012.
- ↑ "Robot Venus flytraps could eat bugs for fuel".
- ↑ Shahinpoor, Mohsen (1995). "Micro-Electro-Mechanics of Ionic Polymeric Gels As Electrically Controllable Artificial Muscles". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. 6 (3): 307–314. doi:10.1177/1045389x9500600302. S2CID 111050049.
- ↑ Shahinpoor, M.; Bar-Cohen, Y.; Simpson, J. O.; Smith, J. (1998). "Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles - a review". Smart Materials and Structures. 7 (6): R15–R30. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/7/6/001. S2CID 250740011.
- ↑ Kim, K. (2002). "A novel method of manufacturing three-dimensional ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles". Polymer. 43 (3): 797–802. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00648-6.
- ↑ Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Kim, Kwang J. (2001). "Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals". Smart Materials and Structures. 10 (4): 819–833. Bibcode:2001SMaS...10..819S. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/10/4/327. S2CID 250905168.
- ↑ Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Kim, Kwang J. (2004). "Ionic polymer–metal composites: III. Modeling and simulation as biomimetic sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles". Smart Materials and Structures. 13 (6): 1362–1388. Bibcode:2004SMaS...13.1362S. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/13/6/009. S2CID 250799300.
- ↑ Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Kim, Kwang J. (2005). "Ionic polymer–metal composites: IV. Industrial and medical applications". Smart Materials and Structures. 14 (1): 197–214. Bibcode:2005SMaS...14..197S. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/14/1/020. S2CID 135827667.
- ↑ Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Xue, T.; Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Harrison, Joycelyn S.; Smith, Joseph G. (1998). "Low-mass muscle actuators using electroactive polymers (EAP)". In Wuttig, Manfred R (ed.). Smart Structures and Materials 1998: Smart Materials Technologies. Vol. 3324. pp. 218–223. doi:10.1117/12.316866. S2CID 13916217.
- ↑ Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Leary, Sean P.; Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Harrison, Joycelyn S.; Smith, J. (28 May 1999). Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (ed.). "Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators for planetary applications". Smart Structures and Materials 1999: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices. 3669: 57–63. Bibcode:1999SPIE.3669...57B. doi:10.1117/12.349708. S2CID 14827422.
- ↑ Lumia, Ronald; Shahinpoor, Mohsen (28 May 1999). Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (ed.). "Microgripper design using electroactive polymers". Smart Structures and Materials 1999: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices. 3669: 322–329. Bibcode:1999SPIE.3669..322L. doi:10.1117/12.349689. S2CID 108456725.
- ↑ Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Leary, Sean P.; Shahinpoor, Mohsen; Harrison, Joycelyn S.; Smith, Joseph G. (28 May 1999). Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (ed.). "Flexible low-mass devices and mechanisms actuated by electroactive polymers". Smart Structures and Materials 1999: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices. 3669: 51–56. Bibcode:1999SPIE.3669...51B. doi:10.1117/12.349697. S2CID 780512.
- ↑ "Spinal implants including a sensor and methods of use".
- ↑ "Implantable pump apparatuses".
- ↑ "Implantable micro-pump assembly".
- ↑ "Accommodating zonular mini-bridge implants".
- ↑ "Fellows List".
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