Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship

Last updated

Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship
Current season or competition:
Current event clock.svg2024 Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship
Colours of Monaghan.svg
Irish Craobh Iomána Sinsearach Mhuineacháin
Code Hurling
Founded1909
TrophyMick Quigley Cup [1]
Title holders Castleblayney Hurling Club
Most titles Castleblayney Hurling Club (34 titles)
SponsorsAM Hurleys

The Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Monaghan GAA clubs. The Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1909.

Contents

Castleblayney Hurling Club are the title holders (2024), having defeated Inniskeen Grattans in the Final.

History

The trophy presented to the winners was the Blayney Shoe Company Cup (1945-1996) and now the Mick Quigley Cup (since 1997). The winners of the Monaghan Championship qualify to represent their county in the Ulster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship or Ulster Junior Club Hurling Championship. The winners can, in turn, go on to play in the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship or All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship.

The Mick Hannon DHL (Development Hurling League) is the Monaghan reserve hurling league. It was renamed in 2020, with Inniskeen being the first team to win the Mick Hannon Cup in 2021, defeating Carrickmacross in the final on a scoreline of 3-07 to 1-07.

Format

Group stage

Six clubs start in the group stage. Over the course of the group stage, each team plays once against the others in the group, resulting in each team being guaranteed five group games. Two points are awarded for a win, one for a draw and zero for a loss. The teams are ranked in the group stage table by points gained, then scoring difference and then their head-to-head record. The top four teams qualify for the knockout stage

Knockout stage

Semi-finals: The top four teams from the group stage contest this round. The two winners from these two games advance to the final.

Final: The two semi-final winners contest the final. The winning team are declared champions.

Teams

2024 Teams

The 6 teams competing in the 2024 Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship are:

TeamLocationColoursPosition in 2024Championship titlesLast championship title
Carrickmacross Hurling Carrickmacross Green and yellowSemi-finals91975
Castleblayney Hurling Club Castleblayney Green and gold332022
Clontibret O'Neills Clontibret Saffron and whiteGroup stage172003
Inniskeen Grattans Inniskeen Green, Red and White42023
Monaghan Harps Hurling ClubSemi-finals61998
Truagh Emyvale Red and blackGroup0—

Qualification for subsequent competitions

Intermediate

At the end of the championship, the winning team qualify to the subsequent Ulster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship.

Junior

At the end of the championship, the runners-up play the Junior champions and the winner will qualify to the subsequent Ulster Junior Club Hurling Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship.

List of finals

(r) = replay

YearWinnerScoreOpponentScore
1909 [2] Greenan's Cross Tír na nÓg5-06Monaghan Harps3-07
1910 [3] Monaghan Harps7-00Greenan's Cross Tir na nOg3-00
1911 [4] Clones5-01Greenan's Cross Tir na nOg0-00
1912Unfinished
1913No Championship
1914 [5] Carrickmacross 3-02Clones and Monaghan0-00
1915 [6] [7] South Monaghan (Carrickmacross)3-03North Monaghan (Clones and Monaghan)0-03
1916 [8] South Monaghan (Carrickmacross)3-02North Monaghan (Clones and Monaghan)2-01
1917No Championship
1918No Championship
1919No Championship
1920No Championship
1921No Championship
1922No Championship
1923No Championship
1924No Championship
1925No Championship
1926No Championship
1927No Championship
1928No Championship
1929No Championship
1930No Championship
1931No Championship
1932No Championship
1933No Championship
1934No Championship
1935No Championship
1936No Championship
1937No Championship
1938 [9] Clones7-04Monaghan4-04
1939Unfinished
1940No Championship
1941No Championship
1942No Championship
1943 [10] Castleblayney Hurling Club 6-03 Carrickmacross 3-01
1944Unfinished
1945 [11] Carrickmacross 3-01 (r) Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-04 (r)
1946Unfinished
1947No Championship
1948No Championship
1949No Championship
1950 [12] Clones2-03Monaghan1-01
1951 [13] Clones4-03Monaghan3-01
1952No Championship
1953No Championship
1954No Championship
1955 [14] Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-07Monaghan2-08
1956 [15] Monaghan4-05 Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-03
1957 [16] Castleblayney Hurling Club 5-06Monaghan2-04
1958 [17] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-02Keady1-01
1959 [18] Castleblayney Hurling Club 5-01 Dungannon Thomas Clarkes 0-00
1960Unfinished
1961No Championship
1962 [19] Castleblayney Eire Og4-00 Castleblayney Faughs 2-03
1963 [20] Carrickmacross 3-04 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-00
1964 [21] Carrickmacross 4-03 Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-04
1965Unfinished
1966 [22] Clontibret O'Neills 2-04 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-01
1967 [23] Carrickmacross 6-03 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-06
1968 [24] Clones5-07 Clontibret O'Neills 1-02
1969 [25] Clontibret O'Neills 5-03 Carrickmacross 4-05
1970 [26] Clontibret O'Neills 4-07Clones3-05
1971 [27] Carrickmacross 5-06 Clontibret O'Neills 3-04
1972No Championship
1973 [28] Clontibret O'Neills 3-13 Carrickmacross 6-03
1974 [29] Castleblayney Hurling Club 5-11 (r) (1-02)Emyvale2-02 (r) (1-02)
1975 [30] Carrickmacross 7-06Emyvale3-03
1976 [31] Ballybay Pearse Brothers 1-06 Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-08
1977 [32] Castleblayney Hurling Club 6-07 Carrickmacross 0-06
1978 [33] Clontibret O'Neills 3-08 Carrickmacross 1-05
1979 [34] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-07 Clontibret O'Neills 1-06
1980 [35] Clontibret O'Neills 2-07Monaghan Harps0-05
1981 [36] Clontibret O'Neills 4-15 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-09
1982 [37] Clontibret O'Neills 3-12 Carrickmacross 2-07
1983 [38] Clontibret O'Neills 4-11 Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-07
1984 [39] Clontibret O'Neills 4-03 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-02
1985 [40] Clontibret O'Neills 2-11Monaghan Harps0-06
1986 [41] Clontibret O'Neills 3-07Monaghan Harps0-05
1987 [42] Clontibret O'Neills 3-07Monaghan Harps0-05
1988 [43] Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-07 (r) (0-14) Clontibret O'Neills 2-03 (r) (2-08)
1989 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-06 (r) (1-06) Clontibret O'Neills 0-04 (r) (1-06)
1990 [44] Clontibret O'Neills 2-10 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-09
1991 [45] Clontibret O'Neills 3-10 Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-09
1992 [46] Castleblayney Hurling Club 4-08 Clontibret O'Neills 2-09
1993 [47] Monaghan Harps4-09 Carrickmacross 5-04
1994 [48] Castleblayney Hurling Club 4-08Monaghan2-05
1995 [49] Monaghan Harps2-13 Carrickmacross 1-13
1996 [50] Monaghan Harps1-06 Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-08
1997 [51] Clontibret O'Neills 1-12 Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-04
1998 [52] Monaghan Harps4-06 Clontibret O'Neills 0-08
1999 [53] Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-10 (r)Monaghan0-06 (r)
2000 [54] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-11 Clontibret O'Neills 1-11
2001 [55] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-11 Clontibret O'Neills 1-10
2002 [56] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-10Monaghan Harps0-09
2003 [57] Clontibret O'Neills 4-04 (r) Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-07 (r)
2004 [58] Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-14Monaghan Harps1-07
2005 [59] Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-15 Carrickmacross 2-05
2006 [60] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-09 Inniskeen Grattans 1-10
2007 [61] Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-15Latton1-10
2008 [62] Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-17 Clontibret O'Neills 0-10
2009 [63] Castleblayney Hurling Club 3-17Latton1-05
2010 [64] Inniskeen Grattans 0-17 Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-10
2011 [65] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-16 Inniskeen Grattans 1-07
2012 [66] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-13 Inniskeen Grattans 1-11
2013 [67] Inniskeen Grattans 0-13 Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-09
2014 [68] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-13 Inniskeen Grattans 0-09
2015 [69] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-13 Inniskeen Grattans 0-09
2016 [70] Inniskeen Grattans 5-15Monaghan Harps1-06
2017 [71] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-17 Inniskeen Grattans 0-15
2018 [72] Castleblayney Hurling Club 6-17 Inniskeen Grattans 0-09
2019 [73] Castleblayney Hurling Club 1-20Truagh1-10
2020 [74] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-22Truagh0-08
2021 Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-23 Carrickmacross 1-10
2022 Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-15 Carrickmacross 1-08
2023 [75] Inniskeen Grattans 1-11 Castleblayney Hurling Club 0-13
2024 [76] Castleblayney Hurling Club 2-20 Inniskeen Grattans 0-11

Roll of honour

#ClubTitlesYears won
1 Castleblayney Hurling Club 341943, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024
2 Clontibret O'Neills 171966, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2003
3 Carrickmacross 91914, 1915, 1916, 1945, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1971, 1975
4 Monaghan Harps 61910, 1956, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998
5Clones51911, 1938, 1950, 1951, 1968
6 Inniskeen Grattans 42010, 2013, 2016, 2023
7 Ballybay Pearse Brothers 11976
8 Greenan's Cross Tír na nÓg 11909

Monaghan Junior Hurling Championship

Monaghan Junior Hurling Championship
CodeHurling
Region Monaghan (GAA)
No. of teams4

The Monaghan Junior Hurling Championship (Abbreviated to the Monaghan JHC) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association and contested by the junior clubs in the county of Monaghan in Ireland. It is the second tier in the Monaghan hurling championship system.

Truagh are the title holders, defeating Monaghan Harps Hurling Club by 1-19 - 2-10 in the 2023 final.

Format

Format: Teams that finished 4th to 7th place in the group stage of the Monaghan Senior Hurling Championship contest the championship.

Qualification for subsequent competitions

At the end of the championship, the winning team qualify to the subsequent Ulster Junior Club Hurling Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship.

List of finals (2023–)

YearWinnersRunners-up
ClubScoreClubScore
2023 Truagh 1-19Monaghan Harps Hurling Club2-10

Roll of honour (2023–)

WinnerTitlesRunners-upYears wonYears runners-up
Truagh 102023—
Monaghan Harps Hurling Club01—2023

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monaghan GAA</span> Gaelic games governing body

The Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) or Monaghan GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Monaghan and the Monaghan county football and hurling teams. Separate county boards are responsible for the promotion & development of handball, camogie and ladies' football within the county, as well as having responsibility for their representative county players/teams. The current team sponsor of Monaghan GAA is Investec.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armagh Senior Hurling Championship</span>

The Armagh Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Armagh GAA clubs. Hurling has always been more popular in the north and west of the county. Camlough and Bessbrook are the only south Armagh clubs to have won the Senior Championship.

The Cavan Senior Hurling Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top hurling clubs in Cavan. The winners of the Cavan Championship qualify to represent their county in the Ulster Club Championship, the winners of which go on to the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship. This championship has never been played on a consistent basis, and has frequently not been completed. In 2010, Mullahoran won the title for the 21st successive year. That run of victories was ended in 2011 when Ballymachugh beat Mullahoran in the final. In 2017, Mullahoran won their first title in four years with a win over Cootehill on a scoreline of 4–19 to 0–05. East Cavan Gaels won the 2023 title.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Derry Senior Hurling Championship</span> Annual hurling competition

The Derry Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Derry GAA clubs. The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1887.

The Donegal Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Donegal GAA clubs. The County Final is usually played at O'Donnell Park in Letterkenny.

The Tyrone Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Tyrone GAA clubs. The Tyrone County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1905.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louth Senior Hurling Championship</span>

The Louth Senior Hurling Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised by Louth GAA among the top hurling clubs in County Louth, Ireland. The winner qualifies to represent the county in the Leinster Junior Club Hurling Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inniskeen</span> Village in County Monaghan, Ireland

Inniskeen, officially Inishkeen, is a small village, townland and parish in County Monaghan, Ireland, close to the County Louth and County Armagh borders. The village is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Dundalk, 11 km (7 mi) from Carrickmacross, and 5 km (3 mi) from Crossmaglen. Seven townlands of this Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher parish lie within County Louth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castleblayney Faughs GFC</span> Monaghan-based Gaelic games club

Castleblayney Faughs are a Gaelic football club based in the town of Castleblayney, County Monaghan, Ireland. They are the most successful club in the Monaghan Senior Football Championship, having won the competition 37 times, and have also won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship twice. It is a separate club from Castleblayney Hurling Club, the town's hurling club.

The Cavan Intermediate Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the middle-tier Gaelic football clubs organised by Cavan GAA. It was first competed for in 1915, before a lapse prior to being revived in 1966. The winners qualify to represent their county in the Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship and in turn, go on to the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship. The 2023 champions are Ballyhaise who beat Denn in the final.

The Armagh Junior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by lower-tier Armagh GAA clubs. The Armagh County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1925. The national media covers the competition.

The 2018 Monaghan Senior Football Championship will be the 112th edition of Monaghan GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Monaghan, Ireland. Ten teams compete, with the winners representing Monaghan in the AIB GAA Ulster Club Senior Football Championship. The championship uses a double-elimination format for Rounds 1 and 2 before becoming knock-out.

The 2015 Monaghan Senior Football Championship is the 109th edition of the Monaghan GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Monaghan, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams, with the winner going on to represent Monaghan in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship comprises a knock-out format with a back door system for the first two rounds.

The Monaghan Intermediate Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by mid-tier Monaghan GAA clubs.

The Monaghan Junior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by lower-tier Monaghan GAA clubs. The Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since at least 1918.

The 2019 Monaghan Senior Football Championship will be the 113th edition of Monaghan GAA's premier gaelic football tournament for senior clubs in County Monaghan, Ireland. Ten teams compete, with the winners representing Monaghan in the AIB GAA Ulster Club Senior Football Championship. The championship uses a double-elimination format for Rounds 1 and 2 before becoming knock-out.

The 2021–22 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's junior inter-county club hurling tournament. It will be the first club championship to be completed in two years as the 2020-21 series was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The championship began on 14 November 2021 and ended on 5 February 2022.

The 2022–23 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's intermediate inter-county club hurling tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages between June and September 2022. The championship ran from 30 October 2022 to 14 January 2023.

The 2023–24 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship was the 20th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's junior inter-county club hurling tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages. The championship ran from 28 October 2023 to 13 January 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castleblayney Hurling Club</span> Hurling club from County Monaghan, Ireland

Castleblayney Hurling Club is a hurling club based in the town of Castleblayney, County Monaghan, Ireland. They are the most successful hurling club in Monaghan, having won the senior championship 34 times. It is a separate club from Castleblayney Faughs, the town's Gaelic football club.

References

  1. ↑ "Club Previews (August 3-5)". 3 August 2018.
  2. ↑ "Anglo-Celt page 10". 25 September 1909.
  3. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 17 September 1910.
  4. ↑ McCluskey, Seamus. The GAA in Co. Monaghan. p. 24.
  5. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 21 November 1914.
  6. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 14 August 1915.
  7. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 21 August 1915.
  8. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 7 October 1916.
  9. ↑ "Irish Press". 24 April 1939.
  10. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 13 November 1943.
  11. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 27 October 1945.
  12. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 7 April 1951.
  13. ↑ "Monaghan Argus". 27 October 1951.
  14. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 15 October 1955.
  15. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 1 December 1956.
  16. ↑ "Monaghan Argus". 2 November 1957.
  17. ↑ "Monaghan Argus". 6 December 1958.
  18. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 19 December 1959.
  19. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 22 October 1962.
  20. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 18 January 1964.
  21. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 21 November 1964.
  22. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 18 November 1966.
  23. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 8 March 1968.
  24. ↑ Ó Mórdha, Pilip (1993). Cumann Peile Thiarnaigh Naofa Cluain Eois 1886-1993. p. 158.
  25. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 17 October 1969.
  26. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 13 November 1970.
  27. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 10 December 1971.
  28. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 16 November 1973.
  29. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 18 October 1974.
  30. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 19 September 1975.
  31. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 26 November 1976.
  32. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 16 September 1977.
  33. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 2 September 1978.
  34. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 24 August 1979.
  35. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 8 August 1980.
  36. ↑ "Irish Independent". 26 August 1981.
  37. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 15 October 1982.
  38. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 2 September 1983.
  39. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 20 July 1984.
  40. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 12 September 1985.
  41. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 18 September 1986.
  42. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 23 July 1987.
  43. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 16 February 1989.
  44. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 21 July 1990.
  45. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 25 July 1991.
  46. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 20 August 1992.
  47. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 8 July 1993.
  48. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 2 July 1994.
  49. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 17 August 1995.
  50. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 8 August 1996.
  51. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 31 July 1997.
  52. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 16 July 1998.
  53. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 21 August 1999.
  54. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 19 August 2000.
  55. ↑ "Dundalk Democrat". 18 August 2001.
  56. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 24 October 2002.
  57. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 21 October 2003.
  58. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 19 August 2004.
  59. ↑ "Anglo-Celt". 18 August 2005.
  60. ↑ "Northern Standard". 24 August 2006.
  61. ↑ "Monaghan Post". 2 August 2007.
  62. ↑ "Monaghan Post". 18 September 2008.
  63. ↑ "Monaghan Post". 24 September 2009.
  64. ↑ "Gaelic Life". 6 August 2010.
  65. ↑ "Monaghan SHC: Castleblayney take crown back from Inniskeen". Hogan Stand . 12 September 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  66. ↑ "Blayney retain SHC title". Hogan Stand . 14 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  67. ↑ "Monaghan SHC final: Inniskeen by a nose". Hogan Stand . 12 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  68. ↑ "Monaghan SHC final: 'Blayney regain crown". Hogan Stand . 4 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  69. ↑ "Silver Hill Farm SHC final". Hogan Stand . 10 August 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  70. ↑ "Inniskeen win SHC". www.monaghangaa.ie.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  71. ↑ "Castleblayney regain SHC title". Monaghan GAA Website. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  72. ↑ "Castleblayney retain SHC title". www.monaghangaa.ie.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  73. ↑ "SHC final: 'Blayney cruise by Truagh to retain crown". Hogan Stand . 10 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  74. ↑ www.monaghangaa.ie retain SHC http://www.monaghangaa.ie/title=Castleblayney retain SHC . Retrieved 19 September 2020.{{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  75. ↑ "Inniskeen win Monaghan Hurling final in dramatic fashion". Irish Examiner . 3 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  76. ↑ "Castleblayney crowned Monaghan SHC champions". GAA. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.