Monica Biernat | |
---|---|
Occupation | Professor of Psychology |
Awards | APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution (1998/1999) |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | University of Michigan |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University of Kansas |
Monica R. Biernat is a social psychologist known for her research on social judgment,stereotyping,prejudice,and discrimination. She is a University Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Kansas. [1]
Biernat is the author of the monograph Standards and Expectancies:Contrast and Assimilation in Judgments of Self and Others, [2] and co-editor of the 2008 volume Commemorating Brown:The Social Psychology of Racism and Discrimination. [3]
Biernat received the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology in the area of Social Psychology in 1998/1999. [4] The award citation emphasized her "outstanding,incisive research illuminating the linkage between social judgments and the perceiver’s subjective frame of reference." and "wide-ranging studies show[ing] how the judgments elicited by different target-individuals are partly determined by the target’s membership in an identifiable social group." [5]
Biernat and her colleagues were awarded the Association for Women in Psychology Distinguished Publication Award in 2005 [6] for their work on the volume The Maternal Wall:Research and Policy Perspectives Against Mothers. [7] With Chris Crandall,Biernat was honored for Distinguished Service to the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) in 2012. [8] Biernat and Crandall co-edited the Society's newsletter;Biernat also served as SPSP's Council Representative (2001-2003),Member and Chair of the Convention Committee (2007-2009),and Secretary-Treasurer of the Organization (2010-2012).
Biernat was born in 1963 and grew up in a Polish-Catholic neighborhood in Detroit,MI. [5] She completed an A.B. degree in Psychology and Communication at University of Michigan in 1984. She continued her education at University of Michigan where she earned an M.A. in 1986 and Ph.D. in psychology (Social) in 1989,under the supervision of Melvin Manis. [9] Her dissertation,titled Developing patterns of social judgment:Reliance on gender stereotypes vs. individuating information,tested participants ranging in age from kindergarten children to college students and found stability in their use of gender labels to make judgments about individuals. [10]
Biernat was an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Florida (1989-1992) prior to joining the faculty of the University of Kansas in 1992. Her research has been supported by the National Science Foundation,National Institutes of Mental Health,and the United States Department of Justice.
Biernat was a Docking Faculty Scholar of the University of Kansas from 1999 to 2003. [11] She was awarded the W. T. Kemper Fellowship for Teaching Excellence at University of Kansas in 2004. [12] She received the Louise Byrd Graduate Educator Award from the University of Kansas in 2018, [13] and was named the 2018 Mentor of the Year for her involvement with the McNair Scholars Program.
Biernat is perhaps best known for her work on social stereotypes. She received the Philip Brickman Memorial Prize (1987) for an earlier version of the paper Stereotypes on campus:How contact and liking influence perceptions of group distinctiveness. [14] This paper explored the contact hypothesis –that interactions with members of a stereotyped group may lead to increase liking of the group,subsequently decreasing the strength of the stereotype.
Biernat is well known for her research on social stereotypes,and the widely cited model of shifting standards,which proposed that people tend to use category-specific standards to judge members of stereotyped groups. [15] [16] One of her recent studies examined social judgments and prejudice involving race. [17] A student sent an email expressing interest in graduate training to more than 400 White professors:in some emails,the student used a Chinese name,Xian,and in others he used an Americanized name,Alex. More of the professors responded to student's request when email used the name Alex instead of Xian. Such findings suggest that faculty members may use cultural factors in judging graduate school applicants.
Biernat's co-authored paper “Coming out”among gay Latino and gay White men:implications of verbal disclosure for well-being," published in the journal Self and Identity , [18] was named “best paper of the year”in 2016 by the International Society for Self and Identity (ISSI). [19] This paper examined different rates of disclosure about sexual orientation among gay Latino and White men in relation to subjective well-being.
Gaydar is a colloquialism referring to the intuitive ability of a person to assess others' sexual orientations as homosexual, bisexual or straight. Gaydar relies on verbal and nonverbal clues and LGBT stereotypes, including a sensitivity to social behaviors and mannerisms like body language, the tone of voice used by a person when speaking, overt rejections of traditional gender roles, a person's occupation, and grooming habits.
The out-group homogeneity effect is the perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members, e.g. "they are alike; we are diverse". Perceivers tend to have impressions about the diversity or variability of group members around those central tendencies or typical attributes of those group members. Thus, outgroup stereotypicality judgments are overestimated, supporting the view that out-group stereotypes are overgeneralizations. The term "outgroup homogeneity effect", "outgroup homogeneity bias" or "relative outgroup homogeneity" have been explicitly contrasted with "outgroup homogeneity" in general, the latter referring to perceived outgroup variability unrelated to perceptions of the ingroup.
Susan Tufts Fiske is an American psychologist who serves as the Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs in the Department of Psychology at Princeton University. She is a social psychologist known for her work on social cognition, stereotypes, and prejudice. Fiske leads the Intergroup Relations, Social Cognition, and Social Neuroscience Lab at Princeton University. Her theoretical contributions include the development of the stereotype content model, ambivalent sexism theory, power as control theory, and the continuum model of impression formation.
Self-enhancement is a type of motivation that works to make people feel good about themselves and to maintain self-esteem. This motive becomes especially prominent in situations of threat, failure or blows to one's self-esteem. Self-enhancement involves a preference for positive over negative self-views. It is one of the three self-evaluation motives along with self-assessment and self-verification . Self-evaluation motives drive the process of self-regulation, that is, how people control and direct their own actions.
Laurie A. Rudman is a social psychology feminist professor as well as the Director of the Rutgers University Social Cognition Laboratory who has contributed a great deal of research to studies on implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes, stereotype maintenance processes, and the media's effects on attitudes, stereotypes, and behavior on the Feminism movement. She was awarded the 1994 Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize for her research examining the effects of sexist advertising on men's behavior toward female job applicants.
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes are often overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. A stereotype does not necessarily need to be a negative assumption. They may be positive, neutral, or negative.
Benevolent prejudice is a superficially positive prejudice expressed in terms of positive beliefs and emotional responses, which are associated with hostile prejudices or result in keeping affected groups in inferior societal positions. Benevolent prejudice can be expressed towards those of different race, religion, ideology, country, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
The shifting standards model proposes that judgments are influenced by relative comparisons. Evaluation and judgment are subjective and may be imposed by onlookers depending on the group being evaluated. Prior experiences with a given group affect future assessments of group members by creating expected norms for behavior.
An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. Recent studies have determined that "implicit bias" towards those of the opposite gender may be even more influential than racial implicit bias.
In social psychology, the stereotype content model (SCM) is a model, first proposed in 2002, postulating that all group stereotypes and interpersonal impressions form along two dimensions: (1) warmth and (2) competence.
Personality judgment is the process by which people perceive each other's personalities through acquisition of certain information about others, or meeting others in person. The purpose of studying personality judgment is to understand past behavior exhibited by individuals and predict future behavior. Theories concerning personality judgment focus on the accuracy of personality judgments and the effects of personality judgments on various aspects of social interactions. Determining how people judge personality is important because personality judgments often influence individuals' behaviors.
Patricia Grace Devine is a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she was the psychology department chair from 2009 to 2014. She was also the 2012 president of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
Albert Jan "Ap" Dijksterhuis is a Dutch Social Psychologist at Radboud University Nijmegen.
Nilanjana Dasgupta is a social psychologist whose work focuses on the effects of social contexts on implicit stereotypes - particularly on factors that insulate women in STEM fields from harmful stereotypes which suggest that females perform poorly in such areas. Dasgupta is a professor of Psychology and is the Director of the Institute of Diversity Sciences and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Diane M. Mackie is a social psychologist known for her research in the fields of intergroup relations and social influence. She is Professor Emerita of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Intergroup relations refers to interactions between individuals in different social groups, and to interactions taking place between the groups themselves collectively. It has long been a subject of research in social psychology, political psychology, and organizational behavior.
Toni Falbo is a social psychologist known for her research on power dynamics in relationships, sibling status, and development of only children. She is a professor of Educational Psychology and Faculty Research Affiliate of the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin.
Felicia Pratto is a social psychologist known for her work on intergroup relations, dynamics of power, and social cognition. She is Professor of Psychological Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Pratto is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.
In social psychology, social projection is the psychological process through which an individual expects behaviors or attitudes of others to be similar to their own. Social projection occurs between individuals as well as across ingroup and outgroup contexts in a variety of domains. Research has shown that aspects of social categorization affect the extent to which social projection occurs. Cognitive and motivational approaches have been used to understand the psychological underpinnings of social projection as a phenomenon. Cognitive approaches emphasize social projection as a heuristic, while motivational approaches contextualize social projection as a means to feel connected to others. In contemporary research on social projection, researchers work to further distinguish between the effects of social projection and self-stereotyping on the individual’s perception of others.
David Lewis Hamilton is an American social psychologist and researcher currently working at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
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