Tunisia,officially the Republic of Tunisia,is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a part of the Maghreb region of North Africa,bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest,Libya to the southeast,and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares maritime borders with Italy through the islands of Sicily and Sardinia to the north and Malta to the east. It features the archaeological sites of Carthage dating back to the 9th century BC,as well as the Great Mosque of Kairouan. Known for its ancient architecture,souks,and blue coasts,it covers 163,610 km2 (63,170 sq mi),and has a population of 12.1 million. It contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert;much of its remaining territory is arable land. Its 1,300 km (810 mi) of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin. Tunisia is home to Africa's northernmost point,Cape Angela. Located on the northeastern coast,Tunis is the capital and largest city of the country,which is itself named after Tunis. The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic. The vast majority of Tunisia's population is Arab and Muslim. Vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken,and French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts,but it has no official status.
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,commonly known as Ben Ali or Ezzine,was a Tunisian politician who served as the second president of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. In that year,during the Tunisian revolution,he was overthrown and fled to Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Ghannouchi is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Regarded as a technocrat,Ghannouchi was a long-standing figure in the Tunisian government under President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. He also served as the President of Tunisia from 14 to 15 January 2011,holding the powers and duties of the office nominally for the absent President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,who had fled the country due to the 2011 revolution. On 15 January 2011 the presidency was declared vacant by the Constitutional Court and Ben Ali's term was officially terminated,leading to Speaker of Parliament Fouad Mebazaa taking office as Acting President. Ghannouchi stayed on as prime minister for six more weeks after Ben Ali's overthrow before himself resigning.
Shukri Mohammed Ghanem was a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya from June 2003 until March 2006 when,in the first major government re-shuffle in over a decade,he was replaced by his deputy,Baghdadi Mahmudi. Ghanem subsequently served as the Minister of Oil until 2011. On 29 April 2012,his body was found floating on the New Danube,Vienna.
The Democratic Constitutional Rally or Democratic Constitutional Assembly,also referred to by its French initials RCD,formerly called Neo Destour then Socialist Destourian Party,was the ruling party in Tunisia from independence in 1956 until it was overthrown and dissolved in the Tunisian revolution in 2011.
Hédi Amara Nouira was a Tunisian politician. He served as the 2nd Prime Minister of Tunisia between 1970 and 1980.
Baghdadi Ali Mahmudi is a Libyan politician who was Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya from 5 March 2006 to as late as 1 September 2011,when he acknowledged the collapse of the GPCO and the ascendance of the National Transitional Council as a result of the Libyan Civil War. He has a medical degree,specialising in obstetrics and gynecology,and had served as Deputy Prime Minister to Prime Minister Shukri Ghanem since 2003 at the time he was appointed to replace him. He was a part of Gaddafi's inner circle at least prior to his escape in mid-2011. He was arrested in Tunisia for illegal border entry and jailed for six months,although this was later overruled on appeal,however a Tunisian court decided to extradite Mahmoudi to Libya under a request from Libya's Transitional Council.
The Tunisian revolution,also called the Jasmine Revolution and Tunisian Revolution of Dignity,was an intensive 28-day campaign of civil resistance. It included a series of street demonstrations which took place in Tunisia,and led to the ousting of longtime dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. It eventually led to a thorough democratization of the country and to free and democratic elections,which had led to people believing it was the only successful movement in the Arab Spring.
Fouad Mebazaa is a Tunisian politician who was the acting president of Tunisia from 15 January 2011 to 13 December 2011. He was active in Neo Destour prior to Tunisian independence,served as Minister of Youth and Sports,Minister of Public Health,and Minister of Culture and Information,and was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of Tunisia from 1991 to 2011.
Ahmed Friaa was the Minister of the Interior of Tunisia for two weeks in January 2011,during the peak of Tunisian revolution.
The Arab Spring or the First Arab Spring was a series of anti-government protests,uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in Tunisia in response to corruption and economic stagnation. From Tunisia,the protests then spread to five other countries:Libya,Egypt,Yemen,Syria and Bahrain. Rulers were deposed or major uprisings and social violence occurred including riots,civil wars,or insurgencies. Sustained street demonstrations took place in Morocco,Iraq,Algeria,Lebanon,Jordan,Kuwait,Oman and Sudan. Minor protests took place in Djibouti,Mauritania,Palestine,Saudi Arabia and the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara. A major slogan of the demonstrators in the Arab world is ash-shaʻb yurīd isqāṭan-niẓām!.
The Ennahda Movement,also known as the Renaissance Party or simply known as Ennahda,is a self-defined Islamic democratic political party in Tunisia.
Beji Caid Essebsi was a Tunisian politician who served as the sixth president of Tunisia from 31 December 2014 until his death on 25 July 2019. Previously,he served as minister of foreign affairs from 1981 to 1986 and prime minister from February to December 2011.
The international reactions to the Tunisian revolution were generally supportive of the Tunisian people's right to protest,though several governments continued to voice support for President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali up to and even after his government's largely peaceful overthrow in January 2011.
The Constituent Assembly of Tunisia,or National Constituent Assembly (NCA) was the body in charge of devising a new Tunisian constitution for the era after the fall of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD)–regime. Convoked after the election on 23 October 2011,the convention consisted of 217 lawmakers representing Tunisians living both in the country and abroad. A plurality of members came from the moderate Islamist Ennahda Movement. The Assembly held its first meeting on 22 November 2011,and was dissolved and replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People on 26 October 2014.
Hamadi Jebali is a Tunisian engineer,Muslim politician and journalist who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from December 2011 to March 2013. He was the Secretary-General of the Ennahda Movement,a moderate Islamic party in Tunisia,until he left his party in December 2014 in the course of the 2014 Tunisian presidential election.
A political crisis evolved in Tunisia following the assassination of leftist leader Mohamed Brahmi in late July 2013,during which the country's mainly secular opposition organized several protests against the ruling Troika alliance that was dominated by Rashid al-Ghannushi's Islamist Ennahda Movement. The events came as part of the aftermath of the Tunisian Revolution which ousted the country's longtime president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,followed by a general election which saw Ennahda win a plurality alongside Moncef Marzouki's allied Congress for the Republic (CPR). The crisis gradually subsided when Prime Minister Ali Laarayedh resigned and a new constitution was adopted in January 2014.
On 18 March 2015,two militants attacked the Bardo National Museum in the Tunisian capital city of Tunis,and took hostages. Twenty-one people,mostly European tourists,were killed at the scene,and an additional victim died ten days later. Around fifty others were injured. The two gunmen,Tunisian citizens Yassine Labidi and Saber Khachnaoui,were killed by police. Police treated the event as a terrorist attack.
Kais Saied is a Tunisian politician,jurist and retired professor of law currently serving as the seventh president of Tunisia since October 2019. He was president of the Tunisian Association of Constitutional Law from 1995 to 2019.
Events in the year 2021 in Tunisia.
