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Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury | |
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মোফাজ্জল হায়দার চৌধুরী | |
| Born | 22 July 1926 |
| Died | 14 December 1971 (aged 45) |
| Alma mater | |
| Spouse | Dolly Chaudhury |
| Parents |
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Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury (22 July 1926 – 14 December 1971) was a prominent Bengali essayist, prized scholar of Bengali literature, educator and linguist of the Bengali language.
Born in Khalishpur village, in Noakhali in East Bengal [1] to Bazlur Rahman Chaudhury and Mahfuza Khatun, Chaudhury lost his father when he was nine. Facing financial difficulties, his mother arranged for his education at the Ahmediya High English School, from where he passed his matriculation examination securing fourth place [2] under the University of Calcutta. After passing his intermediate from the Dhaka College, he went to study Bengali honors at the Scottish Church College, in Kolkata. Later he moved to the Visva-Bharati University, where he studied Bengali under the syllabus of the University of Calcutta, and passed his honors as a non-collegiate student in 1946. [3] He made history by becoming the first Muslim to stand first class first in the BA (honors) examination from the Bengali department of Calcutta University, that too with record marks and a gold medal. [2] He was awarded 'Sahitya Bharati' by the Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan. [4] He topped his class in the master's examination in Shantiniketan. [2]
Chaudhury joined the Pakistan Radio in Dhaka in 1949, and was a lecturer at Jagannath College before becoming a teacher at the Department of Bengali at the University of Dhaka having actually to sit for another master's exam because DU wouldn't accept his Bishwabharati degree and again coming first in his class, [2] in 1953, in Bengali from the University of Dhaka. He joined DU in 1955. [2] In 1957, he joined the School of Oriental and African Studies to study linguistics for two years. His research on the works and the philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore was felicitated and in 1970, he became an external examiner for Bengali at the University of Dhaka. [3]
Chaudhury was one of the leading Bengali intellectuals who were killed by collaborators of Pakistan Army on 14 December, two days before the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War. [3]
On 14 December, which is observed as Martyred Intellectuals Day, a group of Al-Badr people took away the eminent intellectual from his house. His wife, Dolly Chaudhury, recognized one of the Al-Badr militants when the cover that hid the assassin's face was pulled by her husband. The person was Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin. [3]
On 3 November 2013, Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, a Muslim leader based in London, and Ashrafuz Zaman Khan, based in the US, were sentenced in absentia after the court found that they were involved in the abduction and murders of 18 people – nine Dhaka University teachers including Chaudhury, six journalists, and three physicians – in December 1971. [5]
Munier Choudhury was a Bangladeshi educationist, playwright, literary critic and political dissident. He was a victim of the mass killing of Bangladeshi intellectuals in 1971. He was awarded Independence Day Award in 1980, by the then president Ziaur Rahman's government, posthumously.
Shahidullah Kaiser was a Bangladeshi novelist and writer. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1969, Ekushey Padak in 1983 and Independence Day Award in 1998.
Martyred Intellectuals Memorial is a monument built in memory of the martyred intellectuals of the Bangladesh Liberation War. The memorial is located at Rayerbazar, Mohammadpur Thana in Dhaka. The memorial was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi. The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71, who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.
Anwar Pasha (1928–1971) was a Bangladeshi novelist. He was killed in 1971.
The Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed mainly of Bihari Muslims which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement during the Bangladesh Liberation War, under the patronage of the Pakistani government.
In 1971, the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme right wing militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the systematic execution of Bengali intellectuals during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Bengali intellectuals were abducted, tortured and killed during the entire duration of the war as part of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. However, the largest number of systematic executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, two dates that bookend the conflict. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.
Abul Fayez Mohammad Abdul Alim Chowdhury (1928–1971) was an eye specialist in Bangladesh. He was abducted by the Al-Badr militia as part of a plan to kill the renowned intellectuals of the country and was found dead on 18 December 1971, at Rayer Bazaar in Dhaka.
Selina Parvin was a Bangladeshi journalist and poet. She is one of the intellectual martyrs killed by Al-Badr on 14 December, immediately before the victory after the 9-month-long war of independence of Bangladesh in 1971. This day later came to be commemorated as the intellectual martyr day. As a journalist she used to work for Weekly Begum, Weekly Lalana and Shilalipi. She was buried in Azimpur Graveyard on 18 December 1971.
Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, is a British citizen convicted of war crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War which involved the murder of Bengali intellectuals in collaboration with the Pakistan Army. After the liberation of Bangladesh, Chowdhury escaped from Bangladesh and attained British citizenship. Bangladesh has yet to file a request with the UK government to bring back Mueen, and the two countries do not have any extradition treaty signed between them.
Martyred Intellectuals Day is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate the large number of Bangladeshi intellectuals killed by Pakistani forces and their collaborators during the Bangladesh Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971. The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then East Pakistan. Two days after the events of 14 December on 16 December, Bangladesh became independent through the surrender of Pakistani forces.
Ashrafuz Zaman Khan is a Pakistani Bengali American who is one of the convicted masterminds of 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals. In 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Islami Chhatra Sangha. After liberation he went to Pakistan and worked for Radio Pakistan. Later, he moved to New York and presently heads the Queens branch of Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA). He was sentenced to death in absentia by the International War Crimes Tribunal for killing 18 Bengali intellectuals during the last days of the 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh.
Sirajul Haque Khan, born in the district of Noakhali, was a Bengali educationist and martyred intellectual of 1971.
Ghyasuddin Ahmed was a Bengali educator who was born in the district of Narsingdi.
Syed Nazmul Haque, born in the district of Khulna, was a martyred Bengali journalist.
SMA Rashidul Hasan was a Bengali educationist. He was born in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal. In 1949, he migrated to East Pakistan. He was awarded Independence Day Award in 2018 posthumously by the government of Bangladesh.
Nizamuddin Ahmed, was a Bangladeshi journalist. On 12 December 1971, he was abducted and killed by an Al-Badr activists team. He was awarded Ekushey Padak posthumously in 1993 by the Government of Bangladesh.
ANM Faizul Mahi, born in the district of Feni, was a Bengali educationist.
Abul Khair was a Bengali educator.
Mohammad Martuza was a Bengali physician, who was killed during the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh. He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh.
ANM Golam Mostafa, was a martyred Bengali journalist.
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