Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami

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Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
বাংলাদেশ জামায়াতে ইসলামী
Abbreviation
  • Jamaat-e-Islami (formal)
  • Jamaat (informal)
  • BJI (informal)
  • JI (informal)
Ameer Shafiqur Rahman
Secretary-General Mia Golam Parwar
SpokespersonMohammed Motiur Rahman Akanda
Founder Abul A'la Maududi [1]
Founded
  • 1941;85 years ago (1941) (political movement)
  • 1947 (party)
  • 1955 (East Pakistani wing)
  • 1979;47 years ago (1979) (current form) [2]
Split from Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan [3]
Headquarters505, Elephant Road, Mogbazar, Dhaka
Newspaper
Student wing
Trade union Bangladesh Sramik Kalyan Federation (de facto) [4]
Ideology
Political position Right-wing
National affiliation Like-minded 11 Parties
Former:
Colors  Light green
House of the Nation Parliament dissolved
Mayors
0 / 1
[a]
Councillors Post dissolved
District councils Post dissolved
Subdistrict councils Post dissolved
Union councils Post dissolved
Municipalities Post dissolved
Election symbol
Party flag
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Flag Emblem.svg
Website
jamaat-e-islami.org

Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami [b] is an Islamist political party in Bangladesh. It is the largest Islamist political party among the political parties in Bangladesh. [c] It emerged from the East Pakistani wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan in 1979. At present, it is one of the two major political parties in the country, alongside the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). [10]

Contents

The origin of the party lies in the Jamaat-e-Islami movement founded by Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi in 1941 in British India. Its predecessor, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, opposed the independence of Bangladesh and the dismemberment of Pakistan. [d]

Following the independence of Bangladesh, the party was banned along with all other religion-based parties in 1972 by the government. The ban was lifted in 1976, and its leaders were allowed to participate in political activities after 1979, and the current Bangladeshi faction of Jamaat-e-Islami was formed. [5] [2] It actively participated in the pro-democratic mass uprising against the government of Hussain Muhammad Ershad in 1990. Following the 2001 Bangladeshi general election, the party joined the coalition government led by the BNP and two of its leaders received ministerial positions in the government.

From 2010, the Awami League government began to prosecute Jamaat leaders for the war crimes committed during the 1971 war under the International Crimes Tribunal. By 2012, eight leaders from Jamaat were charged and three were convicted of war crimes. [18] In August 2013, the Bangladesh Supreme Court cancelled the registration of the party. [e] In early-August 2024, with the surge of the July Revolution, the party was again banned by the Awami League government. [23] [24] However, after the fall of the government, the decision was reversed by the newly-established interim government in late-August of that year, [25] [26] and in June 2025, the ban on the party was officially lifted and its registration was reinstated by the Appeliate Division of the Supreme Court. [27] [28]

History

In British India (1941–1947)

Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in British India by Maulana Syed Abul A'la Maududi at Islamia Park, Lahore on 26 August 1941 as a movement to promote social and political Islam. Jamaat opposed the creation of a separate state of Pakistan for the Muslims of India. It also did not support the Muslim League, which was then the largest Muslim party in the 1946 elections. nor did it support "Composite Nationalism" (Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam) of the Jamiat Ulama e-Hind. Maulana Abul Ala Maududi, the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami, actively worked to prevent the partition of India, arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the ummah. [29] Maulana Maududi saw the partition as creating a temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another. [30] He advocated for the whole of India to be reclaimed for Islam. [31]

In Pakistan (1947-1971)

After the creation of Pakistan, Jamaat-e-Islami divided into separate Indian and Pakistani national organisations. When East Pakistan became independent as Bangladesh, the East Pakistan wing of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan became Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh. [32] [33]

Jamaat-e-Islami participated in the democratic movement in Pakistan during the Period of Martial Law declared by Ayub Khan. An all-party democratic alliance (DAC) was formed in 1965. Jamaat head of East Pakistan branch, Ghulam Azam was a member of the alliance, which also included Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. [34] [35] [36]

During the late 1960s, Jamaat‑e‑Islami strongly resisted the rising socialist programs promoted by leaders such as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in West Pakistan and Maulana Bhashani in East Pakistan. The party actively campaigned against these agendas, and it organized a large coalition of Islamic scholars and clerics, over a hundred ulema, who issued statements denouncing the Pakistan Peoples Party's socialism as "atheistic" and "anti‑Islam". [37] [38]

As the Six-Point Movement gained momentum in East Pakistan from 1966 onwards, Jamaat-e-Islami adopted a firm stance against it. The Six-Point Movement, put forth by the Awami League, demanded for extensive autonomy for East Pakistan and was viewed by Bengali nationalists as a charter for self-rule. Jamaat-e-Islami's pan-Islamist ideology emphasized the unity of Pakistan based on Islamic principles. The party viewed the Six-Point Movement as a divisive, secessionist agenda that threatened the solidarity of the Muslim nation and the integrity of Pakistan. [39]

In the 1970 general election, Jamaat‑e‑Islami invested significant effort and resources by putting forward 151 candidates but managed to secure only four seats in the National Assembly and another four in the provincial assemblies. [40]

Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)

In 1971, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan opposed the independence of Bangladesh and the dismemberment of Pakistan. Ghulam Azam, who was the then head of Jamaat-e-Islami East Pakistan, delivered several speeches after 25 March 1971, excerpts of which were regularly published in the party's mouthpiece, The Daily Sangram . On 30 June in Lahore, while speaking to journalists, Azam stated that his party was making every effort to suppress what he described as the activities of "miscreants" in East Pakistan, and that many Jamaat workers had been killed by these elements as a result of their efforts. [41]

Jamaat-e-Islami played a key role in organizing pro‑Pakistan collaborationist bodies. On 4 April 1971, twelve pro‑Pakistan leaders, including Nurul Amin, Ghulam Azam (head of Jamaat‑e‑Islami East Pakistan), and Syed Khwaja Khairuddin, met General Tikka Khan of the Pakistan Army and assured him of their cooperation in suppressing the independence movement. Following a series of meetings, they announced the formation of the East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, which initially included 140 members, among them 96 Jamaat‑e‑Islami members who began training at an Ansar camp on Khanjahan Ali Road in Khulna. [42] [43] The Peace Committee was also alleged to have been involved in recruiting Razakar paramilitaries to assist the Pakistan Army. [44]

On 12 October 1971, Yahya Khan declared that elections would take place between 25 November and 9 December. Jamaat‑e‑Islami East Pakistan decided that the party would participate in the local elections. According to a government declaration issued on 2 November, 53 candidates were to be elected without contest, and Jamaat‑e‑Islami secured 14 of these uncontested seats. [45] [46]

On 2 December 1971, according to a report in The Daily Ittefaq, Ghulam Azam held a one‑hour and ten‑minute meeting with President Yahya Khan in Rawalpindi. After the meeting, Azam addressed a press conference where he urged the public to give their full support to the armed forces in dealing with the ongoing crisis. He again described the Mukti Bahini as an enemy force and stated that the Razakars were sufficient to confront them, further calling for an increase in the number of Razakars. [47]

In Bangladesh (1971–present)

Jamaat was banned after the independence of Bangladesh in December 1971, and its top leaders fled to West Pakistan. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh, also cancelled the citizenship of Ghulam Azam, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami who moved to Pakistan, the Middle East and the UK. [48] Azam first fled to Pakistan and organized "East Pakistan Recovery Week". As information about his participation in the killing of civilians came to light "a strong groundswell of resentment against" East Pakistan JI leadership developed and Azam and Maulana Abdur Rahim were sent to Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, Azam and some of his followers successfully appealed for donations to "defend Islam" in Bangladesh, asserting that the Hindu minority there were "killing Muslims and burning their homes." [49]

Then-President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated in August 1975 by a group of officers of Bangladesh Army. post-Mujibur governments were immediately recognized by both Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, and Jamaat-e-Islami resumed political activities in Bangladesh. Ziaur Rahman also allowed Azam to return to Bangladesh as the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami. [48]

After the end of Ershad's regime in 1990, mass protests began against Ghulam Azam and Jamaat-e-Islami, The protests were headed by Jahanara Imam, an author who lost her elder son, Shafi Imam Rumi, in the Bangladesh War of Independence. Azam's citizenship was challenged in a case that went to the Bangladesh Supreme Court, as he only held a Pakistani passport. Absent prosecution of Azam for war crimes, the Supreme Court ruled that he had to be allowed to have a Bangladeshi passport and the freedom to resume his political activities. [50]

Bangladesh Police arrested Jamaat-e-Islami chief and former Industry Minister Motiur Rahman Nizami from his home in Dhaka in a graft case on 19 May 2008 and was charged with war crimes in 2009. He was hanged to death on 11 May 2016. [51] Earlier, two former Cabinet Ministers of the immediate past BNP-Jamaat led coalition government, Abdul Mannan Bhuiyan and Shamsul Islam were sent to Dhaka Central Jail, after they surrendered before the court. [52] [53]

As a result, in the parliamentary elections of December 2008, Jamaat-e-Islami garnered fewer than 5 seats out of the total 300 that constitute the national parliament. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party was concerned as Jamaat-e-Islami had been their primary political partner in the Four-Party Alliance. [54]

On 27 January 2009, the Bangladesh Supreme Court issued a ruling after 25 people from different Islamic organisations, including Bangladesh Tarikat Federation's Secretary General Syed Rezaul Haque Chandpuri, Jaker Party's Secretary General Munshi Abdul Latif and Sammilita Islami Jote's President Maulana Ziaul Hasan, filed a joint petition. Jamaat-e-Islami chief Motiur Rahman Nizami, Secretary General Ali Ahsan Mujaheed and the Election Commission Secretary were given six weeks time to reply, but they did not. The ruling asked to explain "why the Jamaat's registration should not be declared illegal". As a verdict of the ruling, High Court cancelled the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami on 1 August 2013, [55] [56] ruling that the party is unfit to contest national polls because its charter puts God above democratic process. [f]

On 5 August 2013, the Supreme Court rejected Jamaat's plea against the High Court. The chamber judge of the Appellate Division Justice AHM Shamsuddin Choudhury Manik while rejecting the Jamaat's petition seeking stay on the High Court verdict, said that the Jamaat could move a regular appeal before the Appellate Division against the verdict after getting its full text. [58]

In February 2013, following the verdict by the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) and the announcement of death sentence of Delwar Hossain Sayidee (a leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, [12] during the Bangladesh independence war of 1971 [59] ), supporters of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing, Islami Chhatra Shibir were involved in anti-Hindu violence; law enforcement killed 44 protesters and wounded 250. [g] More than 50 temples were damaged, and more than 1,500 houses and business establishments of Hindus were torched in Gaibandha, Chittagong, Rangpur, Sylhet, Chapainawabganj, Bogra and in many other districts of the country, [h] By March 2013, more than 87 people had been killed by law enforcement agencies. [66] Jamaat-e-Islami supporters called for the fall of the Awami League regime. Jamaat-e-Islami supporters have been accused of murdering opponent political party activists and instigating religious riots by spreading fraudulent news. [i]

As a result of Jamaat-e-Islami and Shibir's support for the Bangladesh student quota protests, [69] Hasina's regime decided to fully ban the party on 1 August 2024. [j] However, it was reversed on 28 August 2024 and the ban on Jamaat—Shibir and its affiliated organisations was officially lifted. [73] On 1 June 2025, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami regained registration after a order by the Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. [27] [28]

Ideology

Jamaat-e-Islami leaders and publications claim the party to be Islamic democrat. It's incumbent leader, Shafiqur Rahman, described his party to be a "modern, liberal democratic party, whose ideal is Islam". [74] [75] According to a JI publication titled An Introduction to Bangladesh Jamaate Islami, the party aims to turn Bangladesh into an "Islamic welfare state". [76] It also runs charities that provide religious, social, food, and medical services at the local level, which helped the party build a strong network at the grassroots. [77]

However, third-party and neutral sources identified the party's ideology more aligned with conservatism, [6] [78] Islamism, [6] and reformism. [79] Critics argue that the party espouses an "anti-liberal" philosophy. [77]

In recent times, the party has also allowed its female workers to publicly participate in political activities. Even Shafiqur Rahman supported and promised maintaining women's right to work outside and freedom of clothing if the party forms government. [80] He also supported the rights of religious minorities of the country, took initiative to protect the lives and the properties of minorities, visited Hindu temples, and called to nominate Hindu candidates from his party. [81] Though the party has espoused minority- and women-friendly rhetoric, critics downplay these shifts as "cosmetic" rather than ideological. [77] Shafi Md Mostofa claimed that the party is rebranding itself in the aftermath of the July Revolution by putting itself in the "Islamic left". [82]

According to a report from Prothom Alo , the Jamaat is reportedly initiating several inter-party reforms ahead of 2026 general election. These include formal apology for the party's opposition to the independence of Bangladesh and activities during 1971 Liberation War, allowing non-chartered members of the party to get candidacy in the general elections (which will also allow non-Muslims to get candidacy from the party) and tolerance to the intra-organizational coordination of Chhatra Shibir and Chhatri Sangstha, moving away from the traditional practice of gender segregation. [83]

Voter base

A June 2025 conducted survey by the South Asian Network on Economic Modeling (SANEM) on the Bangladeshis aged between 15 and 35 found that the Jamaat's projected vote share was comparatively high among the young males, comparing with the young females of the country. The survey found that 22.21% males and 20.57% females intended to vote the party in 2026 general election. The survey also found that 21.45% youths overall in the country intended to vote the party. [84]

Leadership

Emirs

The Emir of the Jamaat (Bengali: আমীরে জামায়াত) is the title of the head of the party. Following is the chronological list of emirs since formation of the East Pakistani wing of Jamaat-e-Islami:

No.NameFromTo
East Pakistan
01 Abdur Rahim 19561960
02 Ghulam Azam 19601971
Bangladesh
Acting Abbas Ali Khan 19791992
01 Ghulam Azam 19922000
02 Matiur Rahman Nizami 20002016
03 Maqbul Ahmed 20162019
04 Shafiqur Rahman 2019Present

Secretary Generals

The Secretary General of Jamaat (Bengali: জামায়াতের সেক্রেটারি জেনারেল) is the chief administrative officer of the party. The following is the chronological list of Secretaries General since the formation of the East Pakistani wing of Jamaat-e-Islami:

No.NameFromTo
East Pakistan
01 Abdur Rahim 19561960
02 Khurshid Ahmad 19601971
Bangladesh
01 Abbas Ali Khan 19791987
02 Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed 19872000
03 Matiur Rahman Nizami 20002001
04 Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed 20012008
05 ATM Azharul Islam 20082011
06 Shafiqur Rahman 20112019
07 Mia Golam Porwar 2019present

Controversies

Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami has been the subject of extensive controversy since the country’s independence, largely due to its documented opposition to the 1971 Liberation War, convictions of its senior leaders for war crimes, allegations of violent extremism, repeated involvement in political violence, and sustained criticism from human rights groups, international observers, and the Bangladeshi public. [85]

Bangladeshi security agencies have repeatedly reported ideological ties between Jamaat, its student wing Islami Chhatra Shibir, and extremist organizations such as Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) and Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HuJI-B). [86] Islami Chhatra Shibir has frequently been labeled one of the most violent student organizations in South Asia. [87]

Although Jamaat denies institutional ties, [88] extremism investigations have reported overlaps in recruitment patterns, ideological messaging, and activist networks.

Political Violence and Street Confrontation

Jamaat and Islami Chhatra Shibir have played central roles in violent street movements, including arson attacks, clashes with police, vandalism, and shutdowns of transportation networks. [89]

During the 2013–2014 unrest following war-crimes verdicts, Jamaat–Shibir activists were widely reported to have engaged in firebombing, destruction of public property, and violent attacks on security forces. [90]

Ideological Opposition to Secularism

Jamaat’s ideology promotes an Islamic state structure based on Sharia, opposing Bangladesh’s constitutional secularism. [91] Scholars argue that its ideological vision conflicts with the principles of the Constitution of Bangladesh, pluralism, and gender equality. [92]

The High Court decision barring Jamaat from elections found multiple clauses of the party charter unconstitutional. [93]

Internal Fragmentation and Radical Factionalism

Following the execution and imprisonment of senior leaders convicted of involvement in the 1971 atrocities, Jamaat experienced internal fragmentation. [94]

Reformist factions proposed ideological moderation and democratic participation, while hardliners insisted on maintaining traditional Islamist aims. Multiple splinter groups emerged, some more radical, some abandoning formal politics. [95]

Controversial NGO and Institutional Networks

Jamaat historically maintained extensive networks of Islamic charities, schools, and social organizations, including madrasas and welfare foundations. [96] Critics argue these institutions were used to disseminate Islamist political ideology and build long-term party influence.

Investigations have found cases of irregular funding and ideological indoctrination within Jamaat-linked schools and NGOs. [97] The government subsequently shut down several Jamaat-affiliated organizations for violating NGO regulations and spreading extremist ideas. [98]

Human Rights Abuses Linked to Party Activists

Activists from Jamaat and particularly Islami Chhatra Shibir have been implicated in violent attacks, hacking assaults, extortion, and intimidation of rival student groups and journalists. [99]

Reports by Human Rights Watch document repeated incidents in which Jamaat–Shibir supporters engaged in election-period violence, intimidation, and attacks on minority communities during political unrest. [100]

International Condemnation

Jamaat’s wartime role and ideological positions have attracted global criticism. Pakistan and Turkey condemned executions of Jamaat leaders, while India supported the war-crimes trials. [101] Western governments expressed due-process concerns but acknowledged the severity of the crimes associated with Jamaat leadership. [102]

Public Perception

Public perception of Jamaat declined sharply after the rise of the Shahbag movement in 2013, in which millions demanded a ban on the party and harsher punishment for convicted war criminals. [103]

Jamaat is widely viewed by Bangladeshi youth as an anti-liberation force with diminishing relevance in national politics. [104] While pockets of support remain in some rural and conservative communities, Jamaat’s overall influence continues to decline. [105]

Affiliated organisations

Bangladesh Islami Chhatrashibir

Bangladesh Islami Chhatrashibir functions as the de facto student wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, with numerous former leaders advancing to hold prominent leadership roles within the party. [106] The organisation has significant presence at many colleges and universities of Bangladesh, including the Chittagong College, Government Bangla College, Dhaka College, Government Titumir College, University of Chittagong, University of Dhaka, Rajshahi University, Islamic University, Begum Rokeya University, Carmichael College etc. It is also influential in Madrasahs. It is the successor of East Pakistan Islami Chatra Sangha, the East Pakistani wing of Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba. [k] It is a member of the International Islamic Federation of Student organizations and the World Assembly of Muslim Youth. [113] [114]

Kishore Kantho

Kishore Kantho (Bengali : নতুন কিশোরকণ্ঠ, lit.  'New Teenage Voice') [115] is a monthly youth-oriented magazine published since 1984. [116] The magazine has been linked to Islami Chhatrashibir. [116]

Bangladesh Chasi Kalyan Samiti

Bangladesh Chasi Kalyan Samiti is a non-governmental organization and peasant wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. It was established in 1977 by Jamaat leader AKM Yusuf. [117] [118] It and other Jamaat-linked NGOs were under pressure due to crackdowns launched under the Awami League regime from 2018—2019 and 2024. [119] [120]

Bangladesh Islami Chhatri Sangstha

Bangladesh Islami Chhatri Sangstha functions as the female student wing of Jamaat-e-Islami, being established in 15 July 1978. [121]

Bangladesh Mosque Mission

Bangladesh Mosque Mission functions as the mosque wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. [122] It is also registered as a social welfare organisation and non-governmental organisation. [123]

Officially established on 25 November 1973, the organisation was registered with the Department of Social Services in 1976. [124]

It also manages three educational institutions, including: [123]

Other organisations

Election results

Jatiya Sangsad elections

Election yearParty leaderVotes% of PercentageSeats+/–PositionGovernment
1986 Ghulam Azam 1,314,0574.60%
10 / 300
Increase2.svg 10Increase2.svg 3rdOpposition
1988 Boycotted
0 / 300
Decrease2.svg 10N/aExtra-parliamentary
1991 4,117,73712.2%
18 / 300
Increase2.svg 18Increase2.svg 3rdOpposition
February 1996 Boycotted
0 / 300
Decrease2.svg 18N/aExtra-parliamentary
June 1996 3,653,0138.6
3 / 300
Increase2.svg 3Decrease2.svg 4thOpposition
2001 Motiur Rahman Nizami 2,385,3614.28
17 / 300
Increase2.svg 14Steady2.svg 4thCoalition government
2008 3,186,3844.6%
2 / 300
Decrease2.svg 15Steady2.svg 4thOpposition
2014 Did not contest
0 / 300
Decrease2.svg 2N/aExtra-parliamentary
2018 Maqbul Ahmed Did not contest
0 / 300
Steady2.svg 0N/aExtra-parliamentary
2024 Shafiqur Rahman Did not contest
0 / 300
Steady2.svg 0N/aExtra-parliamentary
The Jamaat in parliamentary elections
YearResults
1973Party banned because it was involved in the 1971 genocide. Though, they claim it was since they were an Islamist party and so was a threat to Secularism
1979Party legalized under the name "Islamic Democratic League"
Together with larger Muslim League won 20 seats.
198610 seats. [5]
199118 seats. [5]
19963 seats. [5]
200117 seats. (took part by forming alliance with 3 other parties.) [5]
20082 seats. [129] (took part by forming alliance with 3 other parties.)
2013The Bangladesh Supreme Court declared the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami illegal,
ruling that the party is unfit to contest national polls. [19] [20] [21] [22]
2024Supreme Court lifted the registration ban.

1991 election

#ConstituencyMemberVote Percentages
1 Dinajpur-6 Azizur Rahman Chowdhury 28.7%
2 Bogra-2 Shahaduzzaman 34.0%
3 Chapai Nawabganj-3 Latifur Rahman 35.3%
4 Naogaon-4 Nasir Uddin 49.8%
5 Natore-3 Md. Abu Bakar 36.0%
6 Pabna-1 Motiur Rahman Nizami 36.9%
7 Pabna-5 Abdus Sobhan 47.3%
8 Chuadanga-2 Habibur Rahman 36.6%
9 Jessore-6 Md. Shakhawat Hossain 47.3%
10 Bagerhat-4 Abdus Sattar Akon 42.9%
11 Khulna-6 Shah Md. Ruhul Quddus 40.5%
12 Satkhira-1 Ansar Ali 39.5%
13 Satkhira-2 Kazi Shamsur Rahman 38.6%
14 Satkhira-3 AM Riasat Ali Biswas 33.1%
15 Satkhira-5 Gazi Nazrul Islam
16 Rajbari-2 AKM Aszad
17 Chittagong-14 Shajahan Chowdhury 46.2%
18 Cox's Bazar-1 Enamul Haq Manju 35.0%

June 1996 election

#ConstituencyMemberVote Percentages
1 Nilphamari-3 Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury 31.3%
2 Satkhira-2 Kazi Shamsur Rahman 31.9%
3 Pirojpur-1 Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 37.0%

2001 election

#ConstituencyMemberVote Percentages
1 Dinajpur-1 Abdullah Al Kafi 44.9%
2 Dinajpur-6 Azizur Rahman Chowdhury 39.8%
3 Nilphamari-3 Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury 38.0%
4 Gaibandha-1 Abdul Aziz Mia 40.9%
5 Pabna-1 Motiur Rahman Nizami 57.7%
6 Pabna-5 Abdus Sobhan 56.8%
7 Jessore-2 Abu Sayeed Md. Shahadat Hussain 52.3%
8 Narail-2 Shahidul Islam 48.2% (96.6% by election)
9 Bagerhat-4 Abdus Sattar Akon 48.1%
10 Khulna-5 Mia Golam Porwar 49.6%
11 Khulna-6 Shah Md. Ruhul Quddus 56.9%
12 Satkhira-2 Abdul Khaleque Mondal 60.0%
13 Satkhira-3 AM Riasat Ali Biswas 55.0%
14 Satkhira-5 Gazi Nazrul Islam 54.9%
15 Pirojpur-1 Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 57.2%
16 Sylhet-5 Farid Uddin Chowdhury 49.1%
17 Comilla-12 Syed Abdullah Muhammad Taher 66.0%

2008 election

#ConstituencyMemberVote Percentages
1 Chittagong-14 Shamsul Islam 51.1%
2 Cox's Bazar-2 A. H. M. Hamidur Rahman Azad 53.9%

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Except Chattogram, mayoral post has been dissolved in all other city corporations of the country
  2. ↑ Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জামায়াতে ইসলামী, lit.  'Bangladesh Islamic Congress' [5]
  3. ↑ Multiple references: [6] [7] [8] [9]
  4. ↑ Multiple references: [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
  5. ↑ Multiple references: [19] [20] [21] [22]
  6. ↑ Multiple references: [20] [21] [22] [57]
  7. ↑ Multiple references: [5] [60] [61] [62]
  8. ↑ Multiple references: [63] [60] [64] [65]
  9. ↑ Multiple references: [67] [68]
  10. ↑ Multiple references: [70] [71] [72]
  11. ↑ Multiple references: [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112]

    References

    1. ↑ Selim Zahid (25 September 2024). "Jamaat manoeuvring for 'electoral alliance' with other Islamists". Prothom Alo .
    2. 1 2 "Why Jamaat-e-Islami banned?". Prothom Alo English . 1 August 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
    3. ↑ Haqqani, Husain (2005). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 171. ISBN   978-0-87003-214-1.
    4. ↑ "Call to foil conspiracies being hatched to destroy communal harmony". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha . 5 December 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN   984-32-0576-6. OCLC   52727562. OL   30677644M . Retrieved 16 January 2026.
    6. 1 2 3 "As Bangladesh Reinvents Itself, Islamist Hard-Liners See an Opening". The New York Times . 1 April 2025.
    7. ↑ "Bangladesh's election: The tenacity of hope". The Economist . 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2015. [The BNP] seems also to have been hurt by its alliance with Islamist parties, the largest of which, Jamaat-e-Islami, was reduced from 17 seats to just two.
    8. ↑ "Jamaat almost finalizes constitution of its new party". Dhaka Tribune . 17 July 2020.
    9. ↑ "Bangladesh and war crimes: Blighted at birth". The Economist . 1 July 2010. West [Pakistan]'s army had the support of many of East Pakistan's Islamist parties. They included Jamaat-e-Islami, still Bangladesh's largest Islamist party ... [R]einstating and enforcing that original constitution might amount to an outright ban on Jamaat, the standard bearer in Bangladesh for a conservative strain of Islam.
    10. ↑ Mahmud, Faisal (10 December 2025). "Analysis: Bangladesh's BNP seeks Hasina's liberal mantle before elections". Al Jazeera .
    11. ↑ Rubin, Barry A. (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. p. 59. ISBN   978-0-7656-1747-7.
    12. 1 2 "Bangladesh party leader accused of war crimes in 1971 conflict". The Guardian . 3 October 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
    13. ↑ "Charges pressed against Ghulam Azam". New Age . Dhaka. 12 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
    14. ↑ "Ghulam Azam was 'involved'". The Daily Star . 2 November 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
    15. ↑ "Bangladesh: Abdul Kader Mullah gets life sentence for war crimes". BBC News . 5 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
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    27. 1 2 "Bangladesh top court lifts ban on country's largest Muslim party". Al Jazeera . 1 June 2025. Archived from the original on 2 June 2025. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
    28. 1 2 জামায়াতের নিবন্ধন ফিরিয়ে দিতে আপিল বিভাগের নির্দেশ. Daily Naya Diganta (in Bengali). 1 June 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
    29. ↑ Oh, Irene (2007). The rights of God : Islam, human rights, and comparative ethics . Georgetown University Press. p. 45. ISBN   978-1-58901-463-3. In the debate over whether Muslims should establish their own state, separate from a Hindu India, Maududi initially argued against such a creation and asserted that the establishment of a political Muslim state defined by borders violated the idea of the universal umma. Citizenship and national borders, which would characterize the new Muslim state, contradicted the notion that Muslims should not be separated by one another by these temporal boundaries. In this milieu, Maududi founded the organisation Jama'at-e Islami. ... The Jama'at for its first few years worked actively to prevent the partition, but once partition became inevitable, it established offices in both Pakistan and India.
    30. ↑ Rasheed, Nighat (2007). A critical study of the reformist trends in the Indian Muslim society during the nineteenth century (PDF) (PhD). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 336. Retrieved 2 March 2020. The Jama'at -i-Islami was founded in 1941. Maulana Maududi being its founder strongly opposed the idea of creating Pakistan, a separate Muslim country, by dividing India, but surprisingly after the creation of Pakistan, he migrated to Lahore. Again in the beginning, he was opposed to and denounced the struggle for Kashmir as un-Islamic, for which he was imprisoned in 1950, but later on in 1965, he changed his views and endorsed the Kashmir war as Jihad. Maulana Maududi took an active part in demanding discriminative legislation and executive action against the Ahmadi sect leading to widespread rioting and violence in Pakistan. He was persecuted arrested and imprisoned for advocating his political ideas through his writings and speeches. During the- military regime from 1958 the Jama'at-iIslami was banned and was revived only in 1962, Maududi was briefly imprisoned. He refused to apologize for his actions or to request clemency from the government. He demanded his freedom to speak and accepted the punishment of death as the will of God. His fierce commitment to his ideals caused his supporters worldwide to rally for his release and the government acceded commuting his death sentence to a term of life imprisonment. Eventually, the military government pardoned Maulana Maududi completely
    31. ↑ Esposito, John L.; Sonn, Tamara; Voll, John Obert (2016). Islam and Democracy After the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN   978-0-19-514798-8. Mawdudi (d. 1979) was opposed to the partition of India, preferring that Muslims reclaim all of India for Islam.
    32. ↑ "Jamaat-e-Islami in Bangladesh: Past, Present and Future".
    33. ↑ "Revival in Motion? The Jamaat-e-Islami in Bangladesh and Pakistan".
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    76. ↑ Hasan, Mubashar (23 November 2024). "Will BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami Form an Alliance in Post-Hasina Bangladesh?". The Diplomat .
    77. 1 2 3 Hasan, Mubashar (19 August 2025). "Resurgence of Jamaat-e-Islami Shifts Bangladesh Politics to the Right". The Diplomat .
    78. ↑ Sakib, Najmus (29 October 2025). "Islamist Rise or Vote for Autonomy? How to Read Jamaat's Recent Win on Bangladeshi Campuses". South Asian Voices . However, this does not rule out the possibility of a strategic instrumentalization of the Shibir victory by its more conservative parent organization, the Jamaat-e-Islami...
    79. ↑ Hossain, Abrar (29 October 2025). "Bangladesh's Islamist parties edge towards a coalition of convenience". East Asia Forum. The 'reformists' — most prominently BJI — operate electorally and have tried to present themselves as more than an Islamist party...
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    82. ↑ "Rebranding Jamaat: The Rise of the 'Islamist Left' in Bangladesh". The Diplomat . 3 May 2025.
    83. ↑ Jahis, Selim (15 September 2025). "একাত্তর প্রশ্নে 'ভুল স্বীকার' করার দিকে এগোচ্ছে জামায়াত, আর কী বদল আনছে". Prothom Alo (in Bengali).
    84. ↑ আসন্ন নির্বাচনে এগিয়ে বিএনপি, দ্বিতীয় জামায়াত: সানেমের জরিপ [BNP ahead in the upcoming election, Jamaat second: SANEM survey]. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). 7 July 2025.
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    117. ↑ জঙ্গিবাদে অর্থায়ন: গ্রেপ্তার ৮, এনজিও গড়ে তুলে বিভিন্ন দেশ থেকে আনা অর্থ মৌলবাদ ও জঙ্গিবাদী প্রচারে ব্যয় এবং অর্থ আত্মসাতের অভিযোগে আটজনকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে সিআইডি। [Financing militancy: 8 arrested, CID has arrested eight people on charges of embezzling funds and spending them on radical and militant propaganda by establishing NGOs and bringing money from various countries.]. bdnews24.com (in Bengali). 30 October 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
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    121. 1 2 3 Shakil, Salman Tarek (3 August 2024). জামায়াত-শিবিরের অঙ্গসংগঠন কীভাবে চিহ্নিত হবে?. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 20 March 2025.
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    123. 1 2 Salman, Md Solamain (23 November 2019). "NGO by name Islamic, activities illegal". Daily Sun . Retrieved 17 June 2025.
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