On 28 February 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal sentenced Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, the vice-president of the Jamaat-e-Islami to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Following the sentence, activists of Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing Islami Chhatra Shibir attacked Hindus in different parts of the country. Hindu properties were looted, Hindu houses were burnt into ashes and Hindu temples were desecrated and set on fire.[2][additional citation(s) needed] While the government has held the Jamaat-e-Islami responsible for the attacks on minorities, the Jamaat-e-Islami leadership has denied any involvement. Minority leaders have protested the attacks and appealed for justice. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh has directed law enforcement to start suo motu investigation into the attacks. The US Ambassador to Bangladesh expressed concern about attacks by Jamaat on the Bengali Hindu community.[3][4]
Attacks on Hindu minorities have been the work of extremists supported by the Jamaat and Bangladesh National Party (BNP). After the Judge's decision to give the death sentence to Delwar Hossain was released, the Jamaat and BNP burst into riots against governments, as well as attacking minorities and local police. The attacks destroyed thousands of Hindu houses and temples. These attacks have been heavily criticised by the United States Government, as well as India and other peace-demanding nations and organizations.
Attacks
Map shows the districts (in red) where Bangladeshi Hindu community attacked by Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami.
After the verdict, the Jamaat-e-Islami took to the streets in protest against the verdict. They attacked the establishment including the police, fire brigade, disrupted the traffic and set vehicles on fire. They attacked specially the Hindu minorities, destroyed their houses and businesses, vandalised their temples and set them on fire. According to community leaders, more than 50 Hindu temples and 1,500 Hindu homes were destroyed in 20 districts.[5]
Chittagong Division
In Noakhali District several Hindu homes and temples came under the attack of the Islamists.[6][7][8][9][10] On the morning of 28 February, the activists of Jamaat-e-Islami and Islami Chhatra Shibir began to gather near Rajganj Bazar in Begumganj Upazila.[11][12] At around 2pm, immediately after the verdict, the activists armed with sticks, started a procession in protest against the verdict. The procession vandalised the Kali temple at Rajganj Bazar and the temple near Bainnabari. Then they attacked the Hindus in nearby Tongipar and Aladinagar villages. They vandalised eight Hindu households and looted all the valuables including money and jewellery.[11] The temple of Bhuiyan house in Tongipar village was vandalised. Six people were injured in the attacks.[12] The violence continued in phases till the evening. Around 6–30 p.m. Rapid Action Battalion was deployed to bring the situation under control.[11] On 23 March, Islamic extremists vandalised and looted a temple at Companiganj Upazila On 26 March, miscreants set fire in a Hindu house at Zirtali union belonging to Begamganj Upazila.[13]
In Lakshmipur District, five Hindu-owned jewellery shops were looted and one Hindu temple attacked and looted in Chandraganj.[14] After the midnight of 28 February, one Hindu temple has been on fire in Gaiyarchar in Raipur Upazila.[14][15] The police prevented the rioters from setting fire to another temple.[15] Two Hindu monasteries were set on fire.[14] On 1 March, the miscreants set fire to a Hindu house in Char Sita area of Ramgati Upazila.[16] On 11 May, Miscreants set fire on a Hindu Temple at Ramganj Upazila.[17]
On 28 February, in the afternoon Jamaat-e-Islami and Islami Chhatra Shibir activists attacked the Hindus in Chittagong District.[18] In Banshkhali Upazila, the attackers set fire to Hindus houses in Dakshin Jaldi area of Jaldi Union. 20 houses were gutted. 16 Hindus were injured in the arson, two of the died.[11] A 65-year-old Hindu was killed in the attacks.[19] On early morning of 5 March at around 2–30 a.m., the Sarbajaneen Magadeshwari Mandir at East Rupkania of Satkania Upazila was torched.[20][21] At around 3:30am the Khetrapal Temple was burned to ashes and money from donation box was looted.[22]
In Cox's Bazar, the Jamaat activists destroyed three Hindu temples. In Kutubdia Upazila, thousands of Jamaat-e-Islami and Islami Chhatra Shibir activists gathered before the Upazila Parishad office around 9pm.[23] Around 10 p.m. they set fire to Hindu temples, after vandalising government offices and an Awami League party office.[23]
In Comilla District, image of a Hindu deity was vandalised in Brahmanpara Upazila.[11] On 1 March at around 11pm, eleven shops including four owned by the Hindus were set on fire in Kheora Bazar in Kasba Upazila of Brahmanbaria District.[16] On the early morning of 6 March, some time after 2:30 a.m., unidentified miscreants set fire to Sarbajanin Kali Mandir after vandalising five idols at Chapatali village under Mohammadpur East Union in Daudkandi Upazila of the district.[24][25]
On the night of 28 February, miscreants vandalised a Hindu temple in Pingjour village under Chingrikhali Union in Morrelganj Upazila of Bagerhat District. The Dumuria Sharbajaneen temple under Ramachandrapur Union too was set on fire. Two Hindu houses, one belonging to a local Awami League leader, were set on fire in Banogram Union.[27] On 3 April, Miscreants torched a Hindu temple after vandalism of its three idols of god and goddess in the same place again.[28] In Satkhira, Jamaat and Shibir rioters attacked Hindu houses and business establishments. In Kadamtala, City College More and Abader Hat areas of Satkhira municipality more than hundred Hindu residences and business establishments were looted and destroyed. The District Magistrate of Satkhira District promulgated Section 144 in Satkhira and certain areas of Assasuni Upazila. On 5 March, Jamaat-Shibir and BNP rioters set eight Hindu houses on fire in Khulna.[20] On 12 March around midnight, miscreants vandalised 23 idols of Shiva at a temple at the Angita cremation ground in Kaliganj Upazila of Jhenaidah District.[29][30]
On 18 March, more than 150 armed assailants attacked and vandalised the Pabla Sarbajanin Kalibari Temple in Khulna city's Banikpara around 9:30pm. After blasting incendiaries, they ransacked the houses and shops of Hindus in the area.[31]
Rangpur Division
On 28 February, activists of Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing Islami Chhatra Shibir attacked a Hindu temple and destroyed Hindu-owned business establishments in Gaibandha District.[32] In the evening, they vandalised some houses in the Shobhaganj Union. The Hindu community leaders complained that the attackers had vandalised the central Kali temple at Mithapukur Upazila in Rangpur District.[32]
Shortly after the midnight of 2 March, around 30–40 miscreants, shouting abuses and threatening the Hindus, attacked their homes at Uttar Maheshpur village in Raniganj area of Dinajpur Sadar Upazila of Dinajpur District. They set fire to the homes and haystacks of 12 Hindu peasant families, as they barely managed to escape alive. At around 1 a.m. two fire brigade units from Dinajpur arrived and doused the fire. By that time, the homes were completely reduced to ashes.[33] Jamat-Shibir activists also blocked the Joypurhat-Bogra highway for three hours.[34]
On 5 March, the Sree Sree Shoshan Kali Mandir at Rotherpar village in Aditmari upazila of Lalmonirhat District was vandalised.[21] On 7 March, fanatics set fire to a Hindu temple after destroying goddess Kali idol at Hatibandha upazila of Lalmonirhat. Sree Sree Kali Mandir at Bejgram village was also burnt down at night.[35]
On 8 March, a Radha Gobinda temple is burnt down in Rangpur city.[36][37]
Barisal Division
In Barisal District, a Hindu temple was set on fire in Nalchira Union of Gaurnadi Upazila. The Pinglakathi Sarbajaneen Durga Mandir was vandalised.[27] On 5 March, miscreants tried to set fire to the Guthia Sarbajaneen Kali Mandir under Guthia union in Wazirpur Upazila.[20] On the early hours of 6 March, a Kali temple was vandalised in Pakshia Union under Burhanuddin Upazila in Bhola District.[25] The images of Kali and Mahadev were destroyed.<[25][38] In the evening at around 7:30pm, a Radha Krishna temple was set on fire in Batajor Village under Bamna Upazila in Barguna District. On 12 March at around 2:45am, two Hindu houses on New Vatikhana Road in Barisal were set ablaze by unknown criminals. Locals doused the flames before spreading.[30][39] In the early hours, burglars broke open a Radha Govinda temple in Kuripaika village of Patuakhali Sadar Upazila in Patuakhali District and stole the Madanmohan idol and 2.5 bharis of gold.[40] On 4 April, Islamic fanatics torched down a Hindu temple at Kathalia Upazila under Jhalokati District.[41]
Rajshahi Division
On 7 March, an idol of the Hindu Goddess Kali was destroyed and a Hindu temple was set on fire at Hatibandha Upazila of Lalmonirhat.[42] Early in the morning on 3 March at around 3am, unidentified miscreants set fire to the Sarbajanin Puja Sangha Mandir in the Natun Alidanga Bara Pekurtala locality of Shibganj municipality under Shibganj Upazila in Chapainawabganj District. A portion of the temple was gutted in the fire. After the incident, the local Hindus were living in fear.[43] On the night of 12 March, miscreants broke into a Hari temple in Pakuria village under Singra Upazila of Natore District and destroyed the idol.[44] On 19 March, Miscreants desecrated idols in four Hindu temples of Gabtali Upazila in Bogra District.[45]
On 18 March, seven idols in Harimandir in Netrokona Sadar upazila's Bobahala have been desecrated by smashing them to pieces.[31] On the same day in Gazipur District, the attackers damaged six idols in a Hindu temple at Dakhkhin Marta of Sreepur.[52] On 22 March, unidentified miscreants set fire to a Lakshmi temple at Gazipur Sadar Upazila in Gazipur District.[53][54]
On 2 April, religious fanatics set the largest Hindu temple at Bhuiyanpur upazila in Tangail District.[55]
On 5 April, unidentified miscreants vandalised the Kali Mandir, Panchmandir and Shiv Mandir in Mirzapur of Tangail District.[56] On the same day a Hindu temple was vandalised at Rajoir under Madaripur District during the clash of two political parties.[57] On 19 April, Unidentified miscreants torched a Hindu temple at Mahendri village in Rajoir upazila of Madaripur District.[58]
On 29 May, senior artist cum audio-visual officer of the National Museum of Science and Technology, Shyamal Bashak was assaulted by Islamic fundamentalist co-workers in attempt to purge prominent Hindus from the National Science Museum.[61]
Sylhet Division
On 12 March, miscreants set fire around a temple at Juri Upazila in Maulvi Bazar District. But the people living around the temple quickly took the fire under control.[40]
The leaders of the Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council and the Bangladesh Puja Udjapan Parishad held a human chain at the National Press Club in Dhaka and Chittagong on 2 March in protest of the atrocities on minorities in Bangladesh.[62] At the meeting, the Hindu leaders expressed deep concerns in the recent developments and stated that the Jamaat-e-Islami had once again engaged in extermination of the minorities from Bangladesh as it did in 1971.[63] On 3 March, the Bangladesh High Court directed the Government to ensure security of the Hindus in Noakhali District and repair the temples and houses of the Hindus destroyed in the attacks. It also issued suo moto notice to the Noakhali District police, the district administration and the Inspector General of Police to take action against the persons involved in the attacks.[64][65]
Khaleda Zia, the chairperson of opposition party BNP, also expressed her concern about communal attack on Hindus.[66]
On 6 March, Hindus across the country protested against the violence.[67][68]
Foreign
In India, activists of Gairik Bharat burned an effigy of Sheikh Hasina in Silchar, in protest against her failure to protect the Hindu minorities in Bangladesh.[69] The Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal unit demands the central government to create pressure on Bangladesh government to protect the Hindus from Islamic extremism.[70] In Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian parliament, main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party demanded that an all-party delegation be sent to Bangladesh to assess the "atrocities on Hindus" by Jamaat-e-Islami.[71] On the other hand, Muslim radicals of West Bengal stand for Delwar Hossain Sayeedi and Jamaat-e-Islami with conviction.[72][73] Expressing serious concern on the continued attacks on the Hindus in Bangladesh the South Assam Bengali Hindu Association demanded the intervention of the Indian President Pranab Mukherjee in stopping the atrocities on Hindus in Bangladesh.[74]
The British High Commissioner in Dhaka, Mr. Robert Gibson expressed his deep concern and resentment upon the attack upon the religious places and the recent attacks in a press conference on Sunday 3 March held in Dhaka.[75][76]
On 4 March, the United States Department of State expressed concerns over the attacks on Hindu temples and homes in Bangladesh.[77]Dan Mozena US Ambassador to Bangladesh express concern about attack of Jamaat on Bengali Hindu community.[3][4]
The Amnesty International has called upon the Bangladesh government for giving better protection to the minority Hindus in the country. In a 6 March report, titled 'Bangladesh: Wave of Violent Attacks Against Hindu Minority', the Amnesty said as many as 40 Hindu temples were vandalised in attacks by supporters of an Islamic party. Several hundred were rendered homeless as shops and houses belonging to the Hindu community were burnt down over the past week, it said. The report gave Bangladesh's war crimes trial as the "context" to the violence against the Hindus.[78][79]
At the House of Lords in the British Parliament, Baroness Sayeeda Warsi condemned the attacks on minorities and their places of worship in Bangladesh. She stated that 24 places of worship, 112 homes and about a dozen business establishment belonging to the minority Hindus came under attack. According to Lord Avebury, the recent attacks are recurrence of the 2001 attack on the Hindus.[80]
Although, there was local reporting of the anti-Hindu atrocities, there was little to no exposure from international media, but images from the attacks continued to be spread on social media.[81]
Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh, is an Islamist extremist group operating in and around northwestern Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh has banned the JMJB, classifying it as a terrorist organization. It is described by Bangladeshi police as an offshoot of the related Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh outfit.
The Islami Oikya Jote is a political party in Bangladesh and allied with the former Four Party Alliance.
Matiur Rahman is the editor of Prothom Alo, one of the largest circulated Bengali language daily in Bangladesh. He is the recipient of the 2005 Ramon Magsaysay Award in the journalism, literature and creative communication arts category.
Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed was a Bangladeshi politician who served as a Member of Parliament and as the Minister of Social Welfare from 2001 to 2007. He was executed in 2015 for war crimes committed during the 1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh.
Shahriyar Kabir is a Bangladeshi journalist, filmmaker, human rights activist, war crimes researcher and author of more than 70 books focusing on human rights, communism, fundamentalism, history, and the Bangladesh war of independence. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1995. He is the President of the Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmul Committee. He is the former president of Forum for Secular Bangladesh.
Juri is an upazila (sub-district) of Moulvibazar District. In 2001, its population was 122,853. It is located 48 km from District headquarters.
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, previously known as Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, is the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh Awami Jubo League commonly known as the Jubo League, is the first youth organization of Bangladesh founded by Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani. It is the youth wing of Bangladesh Awami League. Jubo league's current chairman is Sheikh Fazle Shams Parash, General Secretary is Md Mainul Hossain Khan Nikhil.
2012 Hathazari Violence denotes a series of attacks against the minority Hindu community by the majority Muslim in Hathazari Upazila of Chittagong District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh on the 9 and 10 February 2012.
2012 Fatehpur Violence refers to the attack on the minority Hindu community in the Fatehpur village under Kaliganj upazila in Satkhira District in south-western Bangladesh on the 31 March 2012.
Dakra massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu refugees at the village of Dakra, in the Bagerhat sub-division of Khulna District on 21 May 1971 by the Peace Committee members and the Razakars. The attackers were led by Rajab Ali Fakir, the chairman of the Bagerhat sub-divisional Peace Committee. It is alleged that 646 men, women and children were killed in the massacre.
2012 Chirirbandar violence refers to the attack on the minority Hindu community by Islamic extremists in Chirirbandar Upazila of Dinajpur District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh on 4 August 2012.
On 5 February 2013, protests ignited in Shahbagh, Bangladesh, fueled by the call for the execution of the convicted war criminal Abdul Quader Mollah. Previously sentenced to life imprisonment, Mollah was convicted on five of six counts of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Mollah supported the West Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War and played a crucial role in the murder of numerous Bengali nationalists and intellectuals. The demonstrations also sought the government's ban on the radical right-wing and conservative-Islamist group, Jamaat-e-Islami from participating in politics, including elections, and a boycott of institutions supporting or affiliated with the group.
2013 Bangladesh violence refers to the political instability, increase in crime and widespread attacks of minorities and opposition activists.
Shankharikathi massacre refers to the killings of unarmed Hindu men by the Razakars in Shankharikathi market, Alukdia village of greater Khulna district in Bangladesh on 4 November 1971. 42 Hindus were killed in the massacre.
On 5 January 2014, the 10th general elections were held in Bangladesh. The opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and its ally Jamaat-e-Islami had already boycotted the elections. The buildup to the elections were marred by successive strikes and violence by the opposition parties. Victims claimed after the polls, workers and supporters of the opposition parties began attacking the minority Bengali Hindus. Accusing of looting, vandalising and setting the Hindu houses on fire in several districts across the country. Seven persons belonging to the Jamaat-e-Islami and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party were arrested in connection with the attacks. The National Human Rights Commission held the government responsible for the attacks on Hindus after the election. In India, the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party condemned the attacks on minorities.
The 2016 Nasirnagar violence was an attack on the minority Hindu community led by radical Islamist groups in Nasirnagar Upazila, Bangladesh over an allegedly defamatory social media post by a Hindu fisherman against Islam on 30 October 2016. The attack left 19 temples and approximately 300 houses vandalized and over 100 people injured.
From 13 to 19 October 2021, Muslim mobs instigated communal violence against Hindu communities across Bangladesh during the Durga Puja festival, in response to a viral video where Quran was kept under a temple idol's feet. More than 50 temples and makeshift worship arrangements were vandalised all over Bangladesh.
Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024, alleged attacks began on some of the homes, businesses, and places of worship of the Hindu community in Bangladesh. According to analysts, most of these attacks were not communal but a mix of political retributions or general criminal offences amid a law and order crisis in the country. The Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council reported that from August 4 to August 20, a total of 2,010 incidents of attacks on minorities took place across the country within this 16-day period. Among the incidents, homes of 157 families were attacked, looted, vandalised and set on fire while some of their businesses were also attacked, looted and vandalised. 5 Hindus were killed in these attacks, of which at least 2 were confirmed as Awami League members. Meanwhile, Indian media as well as India-based social media accounts began to disseminate disinformation and propaganda on the attacks; BBC Verify both confirmed some attacks hurt minorities and found that majority claims about the violence were unverified, exaggerated, or misleadingly framed. Fact checkers highlighted the situation's complexity and the difficulties in accurately assessing causes of violence.
2024 Bangladesh post-resignation violence took place after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina, during the clashes between the protesters and opposition activists on one side, and the Awami League supporters, government and security officials on the other. On the day of the resignation, 25 police officers were killed. According to the Daily Sun, at least 119, including both the students and Awami League activists, were killed that day. According to Prothom Alo, 1,494 sculptures and monuments were vandalized across Bangladesh after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina.
↑ ময়মনসিংহের কৃতি সন্তান বিশিষ্ট চিত্রশিল্পী শ্যামল বসাকের উপর সন্ত্রাসী হামলার বিচার দাবী[We demand justice for terrorist act on pride of Mymensingh, prominent artist, Shyamal Bashak]. দৈনিক স্বজন (in Bengali). Vol.159. Mymensingh. 16 June 2013.
↑ Patrick, Ventrell (4 March 2013). "Daily Press Briefing" (Press release). Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
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