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A district council or zila parishad, or zilla parishad is a local government body at the district level in Bangladesh. [1] The Bengali word parishad means council and zila parishad translates to district council.
The 1988 Local Government (Zila Parishad) Act provided for zila parishads constituted with a mixture of representative members and appointed members. [1] Half of the members of a zila parishad were elected (the Members of Parliament for the district and the chairman of Union Parishads and town Committees in the district). The government appointed the remaining half. [2]
The Constitution of Bangladesh states that local government bodies will consist of elected representatives [3] but this has rarely been the case in history. [2]
The deputy commissioner (popularly abbreviated to "DC") of the district became the ex officio chairman of the district council. [4] He is appointed by the government from a Deputy secretary of BCS Administration Cadre. He is also called district magistrate.
The functions of the district council include construction and maintenance of roads, and bridges, building hospitals and dispensaries, schools and educational institutions, health facilities and sanitation, tube wells for drinking water, rest houses, and coordination of activities of the union parishads within the district.
In addition to a grant from the government, district councils are empowered to have a fund based on taxes, rates, fees, tolls, cess, etc.
Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary secular democratic republic in which the president of India is the head of state & first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government, although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system, i.e. federal in nature, that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organizational powers and limitations of both central and state governments; it is well recognised, fluid and considered supreme, i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it. India is officially declared a secular and socialist state as per the Constitution.
Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state.
Subahdar, also known as Nazim, was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).
Gram Panchayat is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. It is a political institution, acting as the cabinet of a village or group of villages. The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat. The members of the gram panchayat are elected directly by the people. The gram panchayat is headed by an elected President and Vice President, assisted by a Secretary who serves as the administrative head of the panchayat. The president of a gram panchayat is known as a "Pradhan" or "Sarpanch" in Northern India. There are about 250,000 gram panchayats present in India.
Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions (bibhag) and 64 districts, Although, these have only a limited role in public policy. For the purposes of local government, the country is divided into upazilas (sub-districts), "municipalities" or town councils (pourashova), city corporations and union councils . The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government (panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has been said to be the "panchayat of panchayats".
Panchayati raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas.
Matlab Dakshin is an upazila of Chandpur District in the division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The former Matlab Upazila was bifurcated in 2000, creating Matlab Dakshin and Matlab Uttar upazilas.
Gosairhat is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, in south central Bangladesh.
Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.
Local government in India is governmental jurisdiction below the level of the state. Local self-government means that residents in towns, villages and rural settlements are the people who elect local councils and their heads authorising them to solve the important issues. India is a federal republic with three spheres of government: union, state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1992, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution, have Municipality but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution.
Union council, also known as union parishad, rural council, rural union and simply union, is the smallest rural administrative and local government unit in Bangladesh, with zila parishads being the largest rural authorities and upazila parishads being the intermediate level.
The Municipal Government of Karachi is the administrative body for the city of [[Karachi], [Sindh]], Pakistan. Presently the Municipal Local Government Karachi consists mainly of the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation, headed by the Mayor or Administrator.
The divisions of Bangladesh are further divided into districts or zilas. The headquarters of a district is called the district seat. There are 64 districts in Bangladesh. The districts are further subdivided into 495 subdistricts or upazilas.
There are 8 divisions and 64 districts in Bangladesh, each district further subdivided into upazila. The area within each subdistrict, except for those in metropolitan areas, is divided into several unions, with each union consisting of multiple villages. Direct elections are held for each union, electing a chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary act was passed to reserve three seats in every union for female candidates. Following elections in the 2014–16 period, 25.2% of councillors were women, up from 23.4% in the 2011–13 period.
The Zila Panchayat or District Development Council or Zilla Parishad or District Panchayat or is the third tier of the Panchayati Raj system and functions at the district levels in all states. A Zila Parishad is an elected body representing the entire rural area of a district. A District Panchayat is headed by a President, who is an elected member. Block Pramukh of Block Panchayat are also represented in Zila Parishad. The members of the State Legislature and the members of the Parliament of India are members of the Zila Parishad. The Zila parishad acts as the link between the state government and the village-level Gram Panchayat.
Titas is an upazila of Comilla District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. It has a rich heritage of culture and tradition. This upazilla was formerly under Daudkandi upazilla. In 2005, it has been made a entirely new upazilla.
Block Pramukh is a term used in India to refer to the elected head of a Panchayat Samiti or Block Panchayat. The Panchayat samiti is a tier of the Panchayati raj system. It is a rural local government body at the Tehsil (block) level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the gram panchayat and the zila parishad. There are a number of variations in the name of this institution in the various states. For example, it is known as Kshetra Panchayat in Uttar Pradesh, Mandal Parishad in Andhra Pradesh, Taluka Panchayat in Gujarat, Block Panchayat in Kerala, and Mandal Panchayat in Karnataka.
Local Government Division is a Bangladesh government is a government division under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives responsible for the development and supporting local government bodies. Mohammod Ibrahim is the secretary in charge of division.
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| Districts | ||
| Subdistricts | ||
| Local Councils | ||
| Lowest level units | ||
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