Muhammad Amin Khan Turani

Chin Muhammad Khan
Muhammad Amin Khan
Chin Muhammad Khan Muhammad Amin Khan
	Amīn Khān
Sadr-us-Sudur of the Mughal Empire
	In office; 1698–?

Last updated October 17, 2024

Mughal-Maratha war
- Battle of Torna (1704)

Banda Singh Bahadur's uprising
- Battle of Jammu (1712)
- Siege of Gurdaspur (1715)

Mian Muhammad Amin Khan Turani (died 28 January 1721),^[1] was a Mughal noble of Central Asian origin. He served as sadr-us-sudur (head of religious endowments) during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and briefly occupied the post of wazir (prime minister) during the reign of Muhammad Shah. He was the uncle of Chin Qilich Khan, the first Nizam of Hyderabad.

Early life

Muhammad Amin Khan originated from Samarqand, in the kingdom of Bukhara. His father was Mir Bahauddin, second son of Alam Shaikh, a scholar and descendant of renowned saint Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. Mir Bahauddin served the Khan of Bukhara, and was executed by him around 1686-1687 out of suspicion. Muhammad Amin Khan fled the region and in 1687, arrived in India.^[2]^[3]

Career

Upon arrival in India, Muhammad Amin Khan was received by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan.^[2] He was made a Mughal noble through the grant of a mansab, and distinguished himself in several military campaigns, initially serving under his cousin Ghaziuddin Khan. During Aurangzeb's reign, Muhammad Amin Khan belonged to one of the court's two leading factions of nobles.^[3] This faction was led by his prominent relatives, namely cousin Ghaziuddin Khan and nephew Chin Qilich Khan.^[4] In 1698, Muhammad Amin was appointed sadr-us-sudr of the empire (head of religious endowments) by Aurangzeb. Shortly before Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Amin was awarded the title of 'Chin Muhammad Khan'.^[5]

Following Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Amin collaborated with Chin Qilich Khan to remain neutral in the ensuing war of succession between the princes. However, disagreeing with Chin Qilich Khan's policy of withdrawal from the court, he maintained a political presence in future years.^[6] During the reign of emperor Bahadur Shah, he was one of several nobles dispatched to combat the uprising of the Sikhs led by Banda Singh Bahadur, but failed to succeed; he would then abandon the task of capturing Banda upon Bahadur Shah's death.^[7] He later sought the support of the Sayyid brothers to grab power with the ascent of emperor Farrukhsiyar - however, starting in the year 1716, he conspired against them, contributing to their deposition and the coronation of new emperor Muhammad Shah. Under Muhammad Shah, Muhammad Amin Khan was awarded the coveted post of wazir (prime minister), to the dismay of Chin Qilich Khan who had wanted it for himself.^[6] However, Muhammad Amin Khan enjoyed only a short tenure of four months before a premature death, following which Chin Qilich Khan received the post of wazir.^[8]^[6] The 1821 travelogue Sair-ul-Manazil mentions Muhammad Amin Khan's tomb being located behind the Ghaziuddin Khan Madrasa in Delhi.^[9]

Family

Muhammad Amin Khan had several relatives in the Mughal nobility. Muhammad Amin's uncle was Abid Khan, who once held the position of sadr-us-sudr under Aurangzeb. This made Muhammad Amin first cousins with Ghaziuddin Khan, son of Abid Khan and leading noble of Aurangzeb. Muhammad Amin was hence uncle to Ghaziuddin Khan's son Chin Qilich Khan, another prominent noble in the Mughal court (who went on to found the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad).^[3]^[5]

Muhammad Amin Khan himself had a son named Qamaruddin Khan, who would also serve as wazir. Muhammad Amin Khan's sister was married to the Mughal governor of Lahore Abd al-Samad Khan, and his daughter was married to the latter's son Zakariya Khan.^[10]

Related Research Articles

Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi also known as Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah and Nizam I, was the first Nizam of Hyderabad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jahandar Shah</span> Mughal emperor from 1712 to 1713

Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan, better known by his title Jahandar Shah, was briefly the ninth Mughal emperor from 1712 to 1713. He was the son of emperor Bahadur Shah I, and the grandson of emperor Aurangzeb.

Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam, commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs.

Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision.

Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State. Nizam is a shortened form of Niẓām ul-Mulk, and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I when he was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In addition to being the Mughal Viceroy (Naib) of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I was also the premier courtier of the Mughal Empire until 1724, when he established an independent realm based in Hyderabad, but in practice, continued to recognise the nominal authority of emperor.

Farrukhsiyar, also spelled as Farrukh Siyar, was the tenth Mughal Emperor from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after deposing his uncle Jahandar Shah. He was an emperor only in name, with all effective power in the hands of the courtier Sayyid brothers. He was born during the reign of his great-grandfather Aurangzeb, as the son of Azim-ush-Shan and Sahiba Niswan. Reportedly a handsome man who was easily swayed by his advisers, he was said to lack the ability, knowledge and character to rule independently. He was executed by Maharaja Ajit Singh of Marwar.

The Sayyid brothers were Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha and Syed Hussain Ali Khan, two powerful Mughal nobles during the decline of the empire.

Muhammad Ismail, known by his title Zulfiqar Khan, was a leading noble and military general of the Mughal Empire. His father was Asad Khan, wazir to Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. During Aurangzeb's reign, Zulfiqar Khan led several military campaigns in pursuit of the emperor's ambitions in the Deccan and South India, notable of which is the Siege of Jinji. He held the post of mir bakhshi, appointed towards the later part of Aurangzeb's reign, and was made governor of the Deccan by emperor Bahadur Shah I. These positions helped make Zulfiqar Khan the most powerful noble in the empire by the early 1700s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilich Khan</span> Azim Khan

Khawaja Abid Khan Siddiqi, or Nawab Khawaja Abid Siddiqi, better known as Kilich Khan, was a Nawab and military general under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. He was a loyal general of the Mughal Empire. He was the father of the Mughal general Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I and the grandfather of Mir Qamar-ud-din Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I. Kilich Khan was a descendant of Abu Bakr, first Rashidun caliph.

Mir Shihab-ud-Din Siddiqi, known by his title Ghaziuddin Khan, was a leading military general and noble of Central Asian origin in the Mughal Empire. He was a favoured member of emperor Aurangzeb's court, and the father of Chin Qilich Khan, founder of Hyderabad State. Under Aurangzeb, he distinguished himself in key battles over the Deccan, and held the governorship of Berar Subah. He briefly served as the governor of Gujarat Subah during the reign of Aurangzeb's successor Bahadur Shah, and died in office. He is buried in a madrasa complex he founded during his lifetime, known as Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan, which is located in Old Delhi.

Persian people were one of the major ethnic groups, who accompanied the ethnic Turco-Mongol ruling elite of the Mughal Empire after its invasion of the Indian subcontinent. Throughout the Mughal Empire, a number of ethnic Persian technocrats, bureaucrats, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, poets, artists, theologians and Sufis migrated and settled in different parts of the Indian Subcontinent.

Nur-un-Nissa Begum was the first wife and chief consort of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I.

Mubariz Khan was the Mughal governor of Gujarat and Hyderabad Subah. He was the governor of Golconda from 1713 to 1724 until he was killed during the Battle of Shakar Kheda where he fought against Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I. His is known to have ruled Golconda with a free hand and brought it under stable rule from constant Maratha Raids to extract Chauth. He is generally described as a proto-dynastic figure by John F. Richards.

Muhammad Hashim, better known by his title Khafi Khan, was an Indo-Persian historian of Mughal India. His career began about 1693–1694 as a clerk in Bombay. He served predominantly in Gujarat and the Deccan regions, including the final decade of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He authored the controversial and in part "patently fictitious" Muntakhab-al Lubab – a Persian language book about the history of India during the Mughal period, completed in 1731. It has been a much studied, contested source of information about the Mughal history, particularly Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.

Sa'adullah Khan, also spelled Sadullah Khan was the Grand Vizier and Vakil-I-Mutlaq of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Shah Jahan I.

Asad Khan, born Muhammad Ibrahim, was a high-ranking noble of the Mughal Empire during the reigns of Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah. He is known for his tenure as the wazir of emperor Aurangzeb in the period 1676–1707, and was an important player in Mughal court politics.

Munim Khan II was the Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I.

Hyderabad Subah, also known as Golconda Subah, was a province of the Mughal Empire encompassing the eastern Deccan region of the Indian subcontinent. It was created in 1687, during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, by the annexation of the Golconda Sultanate. Hyderabad Subah later began to secede in the 18th century, as the Mughal Empire declined, and became fully independent as part of the Nizam-administered Deccan.

Mutawassil Khan titled Rustam Jang Bahadur, was a Mughal general in the Deccan. He descended from a powerful aristocratic family, with his father being a prominent noble of Aurangzeb Alamgir and his grandfather one of the most famous Mughal Viziers. Mutawassil Khan rose to power under the patronage of his father-in-law who was also his maternal cousin Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, accompanying him in his campaigns in the Deccan and distinguishing himself especially at the Battle of Shakar Kheda.

Khwaja Kamal, commonly known as Iwaz Khan, was a Turani Mughal leader who served as the last Subahdar of the Berar Subah under the Mughal empire. He also held the distinction of being the first Dewan of the Nizam of Hyderabad.

References

↑ James Burgess, The Chronology of Modern India, p. 162, Edinburgh, 1913
1 2 Irvine, William (1971). Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 263–264.
1 2 3 Chandra, Satish (2002). Parties and politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 (4th ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 46–49. ISBN 0-19-565444-7. OCLC 50004530.
↑ Faruqui, Munis Daniyal (2012). Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-1-139-52619-7. OCLC 808366461.
1 2 Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 12–13 & 8. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. ISSN 1469-8099.
1 2 3 Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 14–16. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. ISSN 1469-8099.
↑ Chandra, Satish (2002). Parties and politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 (4th ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 90–92. ISBN 0-19-565444-7. OCLC 50004530.
↑ Raghubir Sinh (1993). Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698-1765. Asian Educational Services. p. 142. ISBN 978-81-206-0750-7.
↑ Beg, Mirza Sangin (2018-04-19). "A Description of the Surrounding Environs of Dar-ul Khilafa Shahjahanabad, AND THE INSCRIPTIONS [ON] THE BUILDINGS OF OLD DELHI". Oxford Scholarship Online: 15. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199477739.003.0003.
↑ Grewal, J. S. (2003). The Sikhs of the Punjab. The new Cambridge history of India / general ed. Gordon Johnson 2, Indian States and the transition to colonialism (Rev. ed., transferred to digital print ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-521-26884-4.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] James Burgess, The Chronology of Modern India, p. 162, Edinburgh, 1913

[:06-2] 1 2 Irvine, William (1971). Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 263–264.

[:3-3] 1 2 3 Chandra, Satish (2002). Parties and politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 (4th ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 46–49. ISBN 0-19-565444-7. OCLC 50004530.

[:12-4] Faruqui, Munis Daniyal (2012). Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-1-139-52619-7. OCLC 808366461.

[:0-5] 1 2 Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 12–13 & 8. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. ISSN 1469-8099.

[:1-6] 1 2 3 Faruqui, Munis D. (2009). "At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 14–16. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003290. ISSN 1469-8099.

[:32-7] Chandra, Satish (2002). Parties and politics at the Mughal Court, 1707-1740 (4th ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 90–92. ISBN 0-19-565444-7. OCLC 50004530.

[8] Raghubir Sinh (1993). Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698-1765. Asian Educational Services. p. 142. ISBN 978-81-206-0750-7.

[9] Beg, Mirza Sangin (2018-04-19). "A Description of the Surrounding Environs of Dar-ul Khilafa Shahjahanabad, AND THE INSCRIPTIONS [ON] THE BUILDINGS OF OLD DELHI". Oxford Scholarship Online: 15. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199477739.003.0003.

[10] Grewal, J. S. (2003). The Sikhs of the Punjab. The new Cambridge history of India / general ed. Gordon Johnson 2, Indian States and the transition to colonialism (Rev. ed., transferred to digital print ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-521-26884-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

Chin Muhammad Khan Muhammad Amin Khan
Amīn Khān

Sadr-us-Sudur of the Mughal Empire
In office 1698–?