Chin Muhammad Khan Muhammad Amin Khan | |
---|---|
![]() Amīn Khān | |
Sadr-us-Sudur of the Mughal Empire | |
In office 1698–? | |
Monarch | Aurangzeb |
Vazīr-i-Āzam of the Mughal Empire | |
In office 1720 –28 January 1721 | |
Monarch | Muhammad Shah |
Succeeded by | Nizam-ul-Mulk,Asaf Jah I |
Subahdar of Gujarat | |
Personal details | |
Relations | Abid Khan (uncle) Ghaziuddin Khan (cousin) |
Children | Qamaruddin Khan |
Parent | Mir Bahauddin |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Mughal Empire |
Years of service | 1690s-1721 |
Commands | Mughal Army |
Battles/wars |
|
Mian Muhammad Amin Khan Turani (died 28 January 1721), [1] was a Mughal noble of Central Asian origin. He served as sadr-us-sudur (head of religious endowments) during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, and briefly occupied the post of wazir (prime minister) during the reign of Muhammad Shah. He was the uncle of Chin Qilich Khan, the first Nizam of Hyderabad.
Muhammad Amin Khan originated from Samarqand, in the kingdom of Bukhara. His father was Mir Bahauddin, second son of Alam Shaikh, a scholar and descendant of renowned saint Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. Mir Bahauddin served the Khan of Bukhara, and was executed by him around 1686-1687 out of suspicion. Muhammad Amin Khan fled the region and in 1687, arrived in India. [2] [3]
Upon arrival in India, Muhammad Amin Khan was received by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan. [2] He was made a Mughal noble through the grant of a mansab, and distinguished himself in several military campaigns, initially serving under his cousin Ghaziuddin Khan. During Aurangzeb's reign, Muhammad Amin Khan belonged to one of the court's two leading factions of nobles. [3] This faction was led by his prominent relatives, namely cousin Ghaziuddin Khan and nephew Chin Qilich Khan. [4] In 1698, Muhammad Amin was appointed sadr-us-sudr of the empire (head of religious endowments) by Aurangzeb. Shortly before Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Amin was awarded the title of 'Chin Muhammad Khan'. [5]
Following Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Amin collaborated with Chin Qilich Khan to remain neutral in the ensuing war of succession between the princes. However, disagreeing with Chin Qilich Khan's policy of withdrawal from the court, he maintained a political presence in future years. [6] During the reign of emperor Bahadur Shah, he was one of several nobles dispatched to combat the uprising of the Sikhs led by Banda Singh Bahadur, but failed to succeed; he would then abandon the task of capturing Banda upon Bahadur Shah's death. [7] He later sought the support of the Sayyid brothers to grab power with the ascent of emperor Farrukhsiyar - however, starting in the year 1716, he conspired against them, contributing to their deposition and the coronation of new emperor Muhammad Shah. Under Muhammad Shah, Muhammad Amin Khan was awarded the coveted post of wazir (prime minister), to the dismay of Chin Qilich Khan who had wanted it for himself. [6] However, Muhammad Amin Khan enjoyed only a short tenure of four months before a premature death, following which Chin Qilich Khan received the post of wazir. [8] [6] The 1821 travelogue Sair-ul-Manazil mentions Muhammad Amin Khan's tomb being located behind the Ghaziuddin Khan Madrasa in Delhi. [9]
Muhammad Amin Khan had several relatives in the Mughal nobility. Muhammad Amin's uncle was Abid Khan, who once held the position of sadr-us-sudr under Aurangzeb. This made Muhammad Amin first cousins with Ghaziuddin Khan, son of Abid Khan and leading noble of Aurangzeb. Muhammad Amin was hence uncle to Ghaziuddin Khan's son Chin Qilich Khan, another prominent noble in the Mughal court (who went on to found the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad). [3] [5]
Muhammad Amin Khan himself had a son named Qamaruddin Khan, who would also serve as wazir. Muhammad Amin Khan's sister was married to the Mughal governor of Lahore Abd al-Samad Khan, and his daughter was married to the latter's son Zakariya Khan. [10]
Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi also known as Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah and Nizam I, was the first Nizam of Hyderabad. He was married to the daughter of a Syed nobleman of Gulbarga. He began his career as a favourite of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who made him a general. Following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, Asaf Jah refused to favour any one of Aurangzeb's warring sons and as such remained neutral. When Aurangzeb's third son Bahadur Shah ultimately emerged victorious, Asaf Jah was rotated as governor of multiple Mughal provinces until 1714, when he was created Viceroy of the Deccan with authority over six Mughal provinces in southern India from 1714 to 1719. From 1719 onwards he was involved in combating the intrigues of the Sayyid Brothers. From 1720 to 1722 he helped the new Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah eliminate the Sayyed brothers and was rewarded by being elevated to the grand viziership from 1722 to 1724.
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Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision.
Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State. Nizam is a shortened form of Niẓām ul-Mulk, which means Administrator of the Realm, and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I when he was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In addition to being the Mughal Viceroy (Naib) of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I was also the premier courtier of the Mughal Empire until 1724, when he established the independent monarchy of Hyderabad and adopted the title "Nizam of Hyderabad".
Farrukhsiyar, also spelled as Farrukh Siyar, was the tenth Mughal Emperor from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after deposing his uncle Jahandar Shah. He was an emperor only in name, with all effective power in the hands of the courtier Sayyid brothers. He was born during the reign of his great-grandfather Aurangzeb, Reportedly a handsome man who was easily swayed by his advisers, he was said to lack the ability, knowledge and character to rule independently. Farrukhsiyar was the son of Azim-ush-Shan, the second son of emperor Bahadur Shah I and Sahiba Niswan.
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Khawaja Abid Khan Siddiqi, or Nawab Khawaja Abid Siddiqi, better known as Kilich Khan, was a Nawab and military general under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. He was a loyal general of the Mughal Empire. He was the father of the Mughal general Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I and the grandfather of Mir Qamar-ud-din Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I. Kilich Khan was a descendant of Abu Bakr, first Rashidun caliph.
Mir Shihab-ud-Din Siddiqi, known by his title Ghaziuddin Khan, was a leading military general and noble of Central Asian origin in the Mughal Empire. He was a favoured member of emperor Aurangzeb's court, and the father of Chin Qilich Khan, founder of Hyderabad State. Under Aurangzeb, he distinguished himself in key battles over the Deccan, and held the governorship of Berar Subah. He briefly served as the governor of Mughal Gujarat during the reign of Aurangzeb's successor Bahadur Shah, and died in office. He is buried in a madrasa complex he founded during his lifetime, known as Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan, which is located in Old Delhi.
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Muhammad Hashim, better known by his title Khafi Khan, was an Indo-Persian historian of Mughal India. His career began about 1693–1694 as a clerk in Bombay. He served predominantly in Gujarat and the Deccan regions, including the final decade of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He authored the controversial and in part "patently fictitious" Muntakhab-al Lubab – a Persian language book about the history of India during the Mughal period, completed in 1731. It has been a much studied, contested source of information about the Mughal history, particularly Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.
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