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House of Asaf Jah | |
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Founded | 31 July 1724 |
Founder | Asaf Jah I |
Final ruler | Osman Ali Khan |
Titles | Nizam-ul-Mulk Nawab |
Style(s) | His Exalted Highness |
Estate(s) | Chowmahalla Palace |
Deposition | 17 September 1948 |
The Asaf Jahi was a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Hyderabad State. [1] The family came to India in the late 17th century and became employees of the Mughal Empire. They were great patrons of Indo-Persian culture, language, and literature, and the family found ready patronage.
The dynasty was founded by Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi, a Viceroy of the Deccan—(administrator of six Mughal governorates) under the Mughal emperors from 1713 to 1721. He intermittently ruled after Aurangzeb's death in 1707 and under the title Asaf Jah in 1724. The Mughal Empire crumbled and the Viceroy of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I, declared himself independent, whose domain extended from the Narmada River in the North to Trichinopoly in the South and Masulipatnam in the east to Bijapur in the west.
Nawab Khwaja Abid Siddiqi, the grandfather of the first Nizam, was born in Aliabad near Samarkand in the kingdom of Bukhara in modern-day Uzbekistan. His father, Alam Shaik, was a well-known Sufi and celebrated man of letters. Khwaja Abid's mother was from the family of Mir Hamdan, a distinguished Syed of Samarkhand. The first Nizam's mother was the daughter of Sadullah Khan, the Grand vizier (1645-1656) of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. [2]
After succeeding in the war of succession, Aurangzeb made him the Governor of Ajmer and subsequently of Multan with the title of Qalich Khan. He served the Emperor with distinction particularly during the early years of Aurangzeb's reign while he was consolidating and restoring peace in his newly acquired territory. [3]
Asaf Jah's father Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I was a military general under Aurangzeb. Under the command of Feroze Jung, Hyderabad was sieged and later occupied by the Mughals. [4]
The founder of this dynasty was Mir Qamaruddin Khan, a noble and a courtier of the Mughal Muhammad Shah, who negotiated a peace treaty with Nadirshah got disgusted with the intrigues that prevailed in Delhi. He was on his way back to the Deccan, where, earlier he was a Subedar. But he had to confront Mubariz Khan, as a result of a plot by the Mughal emperor to kill the former. Mubariz Khan failed in his attempt and he was himself slain. This one took place in AD 1724, and henceforth Mir Qamaruddin, who assumed the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk, conducted himself as an independent ruler. Earlier, while he was one of the Ministers of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, the latter conferred on him the title of Asaf Jah. Thus begins the Asaf Jahi rule over Golconda with the capital at Aurangabad. [5]
This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2023) |
The fourth son of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Nizam Ali Khan was born on 24 February 1734. He assumed the Subedari of the Deccan at the age of 28 years and ruled the Deccan for almost 42 years - the longest period among the Nizams. [6] His reign was one of the most important chapters in the history of the Asaf Jahi dynasty. Among his efforts to consolidate the Nizam empire was the shift of the Deccan capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad. He ruled the Deccan at a most critical period and got very successful support from the House of Paigah. [7] He protected the Deccan from the attack of the Marathas and Tippu Sultan of Mysore by signing a mutual protection treaty with the British.
After a reign that played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Nizam dynasty, Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi died in 1803 at the age of 69. He was buried at the Mecca Masjid [ citation needed ] alongside the tomb of his mother Umda Begum.
Mir Akbar Ali Khan Siddiqi Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III was born on 11 November 1768. After the death of Nizam Ali Khan, he became the Subedar Jah was ratified by the emperor Shah Alam II and also conferred all his father's titles on Sikander Jah. [8]
Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan Siddiqi Nusir-ud-Dawlah was born in Bidar on 25 April 1794. He was the eldest son of Sikander Jah and after his father's death, he succeeded him on 23 May 1829. [9] [ unreliable source? ]
Mir Tahniath Ali Khan Siddiqi Afzal-ud-daula was born in Kuruduwadi on 11 October 1827. He was the eldest son of Nawab Nasir-ud-daula. He ascended the throne on 18 May 1857 and Indian mutiny was started on 17 July 1857 Rohillas attacked the residency but Sir Salar Jung put down the attack with a firm hand. Similarly, trouble started in Solapur but the Maharaja of Solapur was unable to control it.[ citation needed ]
Mir Mahboob Ali Khan was born in Tandur on 17 August 1866. He was the only son of Nawab Afzal-ud-Daula Asaf Jah V. When his father died he was two years and seven months old. He was installed as the Munsab by Sir Salar Jung I, Nawab Rasheeduddin Khan, Shams ul Ummra and the residents, there functioned as the Reyab. Shar-ul-Ummul died on 12 December 1881 and Salar Jung became the sole regent. He was remembered as administrator and regent till his death. [10] [11] after the death of Sir Salar Jung I Sir Viqar-ul-Umra became the next Regent and guardian of Mahboob Ali Khan and served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad. [12]
He is popularly known for his efforts to abolish the practice of Sati [13] and for having supernatural healing powers against Snakebite. [14]
Mir Osman Ali Khan was born in Hyderabad on 5 April 1886 at Purani Haveli. Since he was the heir-apparent, great attention was paid to his education, and eminent scholars were engaged to teach him English, Urdu, Persian. On 14 April 1906, he married Dulhan Pasha Begum, daughter of Nawab Jahangir Jung, at Eden Bagh, at the age of 21. [15]
He is credited for various reforms in education and development and remembered for being a truly secular [16] King by giving yearly donations to various temples. [17] He made large donations to educational institutions in India and abroad. He donated Rs 10 Lakh to the Banaras Hindu University [18] and Rs 5 Lakh to the Aligarh Muslim University. [19]
He set up the Osmania University, [20] Osmania General Hospital, Osmania Medical College, State Bank of Hyderabad, South India's first airport -the Begumpet Airport, Nizamia Observatory, Government Nizamia General Hospital, etc. [21]
The Nizam was reported to have fathered 34 children including 16 sons and 18 daughters. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27]
Image | Titular Name | Personal Name | Date of birth | Nizam From | Nizam Until | Date of death |
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Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I نظامالملک آصف جاہ | Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan | 20 August 1671 | 31 July 1724 | 1 June 1748 | ||
Nasir Jung نصیرجنگ | Mir Ahmed Ali Khan | 26 February 1712 | 1 June 1748 | 16 December 1750 | ||
Muzaffar Jung مظفرجنگ | Mir Hidayat Muhi-ud-din Sa'adullah Khan | ? | 16 December 1750 | 13 February 1751 | ||
Salabat Jung صلابت جنگ | Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan | 24 November 1718 | 13 February 1751 | 8 July 1762 (deposed) | 16 September 1763 | |
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah II نظامالملک آصف جاہ دوم | Mir Nizam Ali Khan | 7 March 1734 | 8 July 1762 | 6 August 1803 | ||
Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III سکندر جاہ ،آصف جاہ سوئم | Mir Akbar Ali Khan | 11 November 1768 | 6 August 1803 | 21 May 1829 | ||
Nasir-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah IV ناصر الدولہ ،آصف جاہ چہارم | Mir Farqunda Ali Khan | 25 April 1794 | 21 May 1829 | 16 May 1857 | ||
Afzal-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah V افضال الدولہ ،آصف جاہ پنجم | Mir Tahniyath Ali Khan | 11 October 1827 | 16 May 1857 | 26 February 1869 | ||
Asaf Jah VI آصف جاہ شیشم | Mir Mahbub Ali Khan میر محبوب علی خان | 17 August 1866 | 26 February 1869 | 29 August 1911 | ||
Asaf Jah VII آصف جاہ ہفتم | Mir Osman Ali Khan میر عثمان علی خان | 6 April 1886 | 29 August 1911 | 17 September 1948 (deposed) | 24 February 1967 |
Nasir Jung, Muzaffar Jung and Salabat Jung:- * These three rulers are not enumerated in the order of the Asaf Jah's, mainly because they were not granted the title of ASAF JAH by the Mughal Emperor.
Titular Name | Personal Name | Date of birth | Nizam From | Nizam Until | Date of Death | Note(s) |
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Asaf Jah VIII آصف جاہ ہشتم | Mir Barkat Ali Khan میر برکت علی خان | 6 October 1933 | 24 February 1967 | 5 November 1971 (deposed) | 15 January 2023 | Government of India recognised him in 1964 as heir-apparent to Asaf Jah VII, and following his grandfather's demise in 1967, he succeeded to his rank, dignity, and title. His coronation took place at Chowmahalla Palace on April 6, 1967, and he was recognised as Ruler of Hyderabad on April 14, 1964, by the Government of India. However, due to 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India, he ceased to enjoy his princely pensions, titles, and privileges. |
Asaf Jah IX آصف جاہ نہم | Mir Muhammad Azmet Ali Khan میر محمد عظمت علی خان | 23 July 1960 | 20 January 2023 | Azmet Jah acceded to the throne of the former Hyderabad State on 14 January 2023, following the death of Asaf Jah VIII. [30] Azmat Jah's ceremonial coronation took place on 20 January 2023, at Chowmahalla Palace. [30] [ better source needed ] |
Genealogy of the Asaf Jahi dynasty |
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Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi also known as Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah and Nizam I, was the first Nizam of Hyderabad.
Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State. Nizam is a shortened form of Niẓām ul-Mulk, and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I when he was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In addition to being the Mughal Viceroy (Naib) of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I was also the premier courtier of the Mughal Empire until 1724, when he established an independent realm based in Hyderabad, but in practice, continued to recognise the nominal authority of emperor.
Asaf Jah VI, also known as Sir Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi, was the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. He ruled Hyderabad State, one of the princely states of India, between 1869 and 1911.
Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII was the last Nizam (ruler) of Hyderabad State, the largest state in the erstwhile Indian Empire. He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911, at the age of 25 and ruled the State of Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948, until the Indian Union annexed it. He was styled as His Exalted Highness (H.E.H) the Nizam of Hyderabad, and was widely considered one of the world's wealthiest people of all time. With some estimates placing his wealth at 2% of U.S. GDP, his portrait was on the cover of Time magazine in 1937. As a semi-autonomous monarch, he had his mint, printing his currency, the Hyderabadi rupee, and had a private treasury that was said to contain £100 million in gold and silver bullion, and a further £400 million of jewels. The major source of his wealth was the Golconda mines, the only supplier of diamonds in the world at that time. Among them was the Jacob Diamond, valued at some £50 million, and used by the Nizam as a paperweight.
Paigah family was a noble family from the former Hyderabad State. The family maintained their own court, individual palaces, and a standing army of about fourteen thousand infantry and cavalry troops.
Mir Nizam Ali Khan Siddiqi, Asaf Jah II was the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad State between 1762 and 1803. He was born on 7 March 1734 as fourth son to Asaf Jah I and Umda Begum. His official name is Asaf Jah II, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Khan Siddiqi, Fateh Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan. Sawānih-i-Deccan, a Persian work compiled by Munim Khan, a military commander during the era of Asaf Jah II gave more insight about administration of Asaf Jahis.
Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III, was the 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad, India from 1803 to 1829. He was born in Chowmahalla Palace in the Khilwath, the second son of Asaf Jah II and Tahniat un-nisa Begum.
Mir Farqunda Ali Khan commonly known as Nasir-ud-Daulah, was seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, a princely state of British India, from 24 May 1829 until his death in 1857.
Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah VMir Tahniyat Ali Khan Siddiqi was the eighth Nizam of Hyderabad, India, from 1857 to 1869.
Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi, Nasir Jung, was the second Nizam of Hyderabad State. He was the son of Asaf Jah I and his wife Saeed-un-nisa Begum. He was born 26 February 1712. He had taken up a title of Humayun Jah, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Nasir Jung, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan. However, he is most famously known as Nasir Jung.
Sir Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I,, known simply as Salar Jung I, was an Indian nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad State from 1853 until his death in 1883. He also served as regent for the sixth Nizam, Asaf Jah VI between 1869 and 1883.
Nizam Mir Barkat Ali Khan Siddiqi Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII, less formally known as Mukarram Jah, was the titular Nizam of Hyderabad between 1967 and 1971. He was the head of the House of Asaf Jah until he died in 2023.
Anwaruddin Khan, also known as Muhammad Anwaruddin, was the first Nawab of Arcot. He belonged to a family of Qannauji Sheikhs. He was a major figure during the first two Carnatic Wars. He was also Subedar of Thatta from 1721–1733.
Nawab Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III (1889–1949), commonly known as Salar Jung III, was a nobleman and art collector from Hyderabad Deccan. He served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad Deccan during the reign of the seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan. In 1912, at the age of twenty-three, Salar Jung III succeeded Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad as Prime Minister and served for two and a half years. He held the fourth-most senior position among the Hyderabad Deccan nobility, below three members of the Paigah family.
Khawaja Abid Khan Siddiqi, or Nawab Khawaja Abid Siddiqi, better known as Kilich Khan, was a Nawab and military general under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. He was a loyal general of the Mughal Empire. He was the father of the Mughal general Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I and the grandfather of Mir Qamar-ud-din Siddiqi, Asaf Jah I. Kilich Khan was a descendant of Abu Bakr, first Rashidun caliph.
Intizam-ud-Daula, Ghazi ud-Din Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi Feroze Jung II was the eldest son of Asaf Jah I Mir Qamaruddin Khan Siddiqi. He was born on 13 March 1709, his mother is Sa'id un-Nisa Begum, the daughter of a Sayyid nobleman at Gulbarga. He died in Aurangabad on 16 October 1752.
Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana. It is a historic city noted for its many monuments, temples, mosques and bazaars. A multitude of influences have shaped the character of the city in the last 400 years.
Amir-e-Paigah-e-Asman Jahi, Moin-ud-Daula Bahadur Innayath Jung, commonly known as Sir Nawab Muhammed Moin Uddin Khan born at Basheer Bagh Palace in 1891 was an Indian nobleman and member of the Paigah Nobility and the Amir of the Asman Jahi Paigah one of the 3 great Paigahs of Hyderabad State The Paigah Nobility was the second most powerful family in Deccan Hyderabad State maintaining their own court and army bound with Asaf Jahi dynasty by matrimonial relationship, Moin-ud-doula and his father Asman Jah was one of those fortunate individuals to whom it has been given by fate to write their names large in the annals of their country, Moin-ud-doula's father Asman Jah who served as co-regent and Prime Minister of Hyderabad created several marvelous architects throughout the city maintained his army court in his domain Shamshabad, was granted the title of Order of the Indian Empire,
Nawab Muhammad Abu'l Fateh Khan Bahadur, Taigh Jang Bahadur was an Indian nobleman and founder of the House of Paigah. He was also known as Abu'l Khair Khan II and conferred with the titles Shams ul-Umara, Shams ul-Mulk, Shams ud-Daula, and Imam Jung III.
Abu'l Fakhr Muhammad Fakhruddin Khan (1780–1863), also called Amir e KabirShams-ul-Umra I, was an Indian nobleman. He was the first member of the House of Paigah to be matrimonially allied to the House of Asaf Jah. His full name with titles was Shams ul-Umara, Amir-i-Kabir, Khurshid ul-Mulk,Khurshid ud-Daula, Nawab ‘Abu’l Fakhr Muhammad Fakhr ud-din Khan Bahadur, Imam Jang [‘Abu’l Khair Khan III]; he became The First Amir of the House of Paigah, the Paigah Amirs held the honorary monarchal (standard) behind the Nizam of Hyderabad and were the highest order nobility. Paigah members were said to be richer than average Maharajas and had their own standing army, palaces, and courts