Muhammad Tajuddin, the 19th Sultan of Brunei,[1] succeeded his father Omar Ali Saifuddin I in 1778 and ruled until his voluntarily abdication in favour of his eldest son, Muhammad Jamalul Alam I, in April 1804, and from his son's death in November 1804 until his death in 1807.
Omar Ali Saifuddin I was the 18th Sultan of Brunei from 1740 until his abdication in favor of his eldest son Muhammad Tajuddin in 1778. He succeeded his father in law, Sultan Hussin Kamaluddin as Sultan of Brunei upon the latter's abdication from the throne in 1740.
Abdul Momin was the 24th Sultan of Brunei from 1852 until his death on 29 May 1885. He was the son-in-law of the previous Sultan, Omar Ali Saifuddin II.
As he was the eldest and legitimate son of Omar Ali Saifuddin I, he was installed as the heir to Brunei throne with the title of 'Yang Di-Pertuan Muda' by his father.[2]
Jawi is an Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Acehnese, Banjarese, Minangkabau, Tausūg and several other languages in Southeast Asia.
Mecca, also spelled Makkah, is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level, and 340 kilometres (210 mi) south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah.
In foreign affairs, he sent envoys to Qing China for marketizing Brunei's products.[1] As he wanted to maintain peace in the sultanate, he was keen to normalize Brunei's relations with Spain who made a presence in the Philippines by sending an envoy there.[1]
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east, and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.
Second reign
When the Sultan ascended to the throne in 1804, he was already old. To help his rule, he decided to appoint a Regent. He tried to appoint Pengiran Anak Yusof as his Regent.[3] However, Pengiran Anak Yusof rejected the offer. Instead, he made his half-brother Muhammad Kanzul Alam, who was a member of the Brunei Viziers, as his Regent.[3]
A vizier is a high-ranking political advisor or minister. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir of the Sassanian kings.
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