Mōryō

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"Moryo" (Wang Liang ) from the Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki by Toriyama Sekien SekienMoryo.jpg
"Mōryō" (魍魎) from the Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki by Toriyama Sekien

Mōryō or mizuha (魍魎, 罔両, or 美豆波) is a collective term for spirits of mountains and rivers, trees and rocks, as well as mononoke that live in places like graveyards, or kappa and various other yōkai. There is also mizu no kami as well to refer to them.

Mononoke (物の怪) are vengeful spirits (onryō), dead spirits (shiryō), live spirits (ikiryō), or spirits in Japanese classical literature and folk religion that were said to do things like possess individuals and make them suffer, cause disease, or even cause death. It is also a word sometimes used to refer to yōkai or henge.

Kappa (folklore) Japanese water imp

A kappa, also known as kawatarō, komahiki, kawatora or suiko is an amphibious yōkai demon or imp found in traditional Japanese folklore. They are typically depicted as green, human-like beings with webbed hands and feet and a turtle-like carapace on their backs. A depression on its head, called its "dish" (sara), retains water, and if this is damaged or its liquid is spilled, the kappa is severely weakened.

Suijin is the Shinto god of water in Japan. The term Suijin refers to the heavenly and earthly manifestations of the benevolent Shinto divinity of water. However, it also refers to a wide variety of mythological and magical creatures found in lakes, ponds, springs and wells, including serpents, eels, fish, turtles, and the flesh-eating kappa. As Mizu no Kamisama, Mizugami, or Suijin, this kami is widely revered in Japan, being a big part of Japanese culture, and is often worshiped in temples. Suijin is also known as the Water god, Suiten (水天) and Sui-ō/Suiu (水王).

Contents

Mythology

Originally, they were a kind of spirit from nature in China. In the Huainanzi, there is the statement that "mōryō have a shape like that of a three-year-old little child, are dark red in color, have red eyes, long ears, and beautiful hair." In the Compendium of Materia Medica , there is the statement "mōryō like to eat the innards of the dead. It would then perform the 'Rites of Zhou', take a dagger-axe and go into the grave hole, and bring destruction. In its true nature, the mōryō is fearful of tigers and oak, and is given the name 弗述. They go underground and eat the brains of the dead, but it is said that when an oak is pressed against their necks, they die. These are the ones called mōryō."

China Country in East Asia

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

The Huainanzi is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of essays that resulted from a series of scholarly debates held at the court of Liu An, Prince of Huainan, sometime before 139 BC. The Huainanzi blends Daoist, Confucianist, and Legalist concepts, including theories such as yin and yang and Wu Xing theories.

<i>Compendium of Materia Medica</i> literary work

The Compendium of Materia Medica is a Chinese herbology volume written by Li Shizhen during the Ming dynasty; its first draft was completed in 1578. It is a work epitomizing the materia medica known at the time. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical book ever written in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. It lists all the plants, animals, minerals, and other items that were believed to have medicinal properties.

From the point that they like to eat the innards of the dead, in Japan mōryō are sometimes seen to be the same as the yōkai that would steal corpses of the dead, the kasha, [1] and there can be seen examples where stories similar to that of the kasha are stated under the name mōryō. In the essay "Mimibukuro" by Negishi Shizumori in the Edo period, a government official named Shibata had a loyal retainer, but on one evening, said "I'm not a human but a mōryō" and resigned. When Shibata asked the retainer for the reason, he said it was because since it was now his turn to fulfill the role of stealing a corpse, he needs to go to a certain village. The next day, the retainer disappeared, and at a funeral in the village that he mentioned, some dark clouds suddenly covered over, and when the clouds disappeared, it is said that the corpse disappeared from the coffin. [2]

Kasha (folklore) mythical creature

The kasha is a Japanese yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds.

Edo period period of Japanese history

The Edo period or Tokugawa period (徳川時代) is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional daimyō. The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, "no more wars", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo.

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References

  1. 村上健司編著 (2000). 妖怪事典. 毎日新聞社. pp. 330頁. ISBN   978-4-620-31428-0.
  2. 花房孝典編著 (1997). 実録・大江戸奇怪草子 忘れられた神々. 三五館. pp. 181–183頁. ISBN   978-4-88320-119-8.

See also

Chimimōryō

Chimimōryō is a term, originated from China dating roughly 2,500 years in ancient chronicles such as the Zuo Zhuan, referring to monsters of the mountains and monsters of the rivers. It refers to various kinds of obake and things changed into yōkai. "Chimi" (魑魅) refers to the monsters of the mountains, and "mōryō" (魍魎) refers to the monsters of the river, and so the word "chimimōryō" is often used to refer to all monsters of the mountains and rivers. Furthermore, the word "minori" was also used for this. For this to be used to mean a "ripening" (minoru) oni has been used in various regions since ancient times.

<i>Wangliang</i> mythical Chinese malevolent spirit

Wangliang is the name of a malevolent spirit in Chinese mythology and folklore. This word inclusively means "demons; monsters; specters; goblins; ghosts; devils" in Modern Standard Chinese, but wangliang originally meant a specific demon. Interpretations include a wilderness spirit like the kui 夔 "one-legged mountain demon", a water spirit like the long 龍 "dragon", a fever demon like the yu 魊 "poisonous 3-legged turtle that causes malaria", a graveyard ghost also called wangxiang 罔象 or fangliang 方良 "earth demon that eats the livers or brains of corpses", and a man-eating "demon that resembles a 3-year-old brown child with red eyes, long ears, and beautiful hair".