NADPH oxidase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX4 gene, and is a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. [5]
NADPH oxidase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX4 gene, and is a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. [5]
Oxygen sensing is essential for homeostasis in all aerobic organisms. A phagocyte-type oxidase, similar to that responsible for the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophil granulocytes, with resultant antimicrobial activity, has been postulated to function in the kidney as an oxygen sensor that regulates the synthesis of erythropoietin in the renal cortex. [5]
Nox4 protects the vasculature against inflammatory stress. [6] Nox-dependent reactive oxygen species modulation by amino endoperoxides can induce apoptosis in high Nox4-expressing cancer cells. [7]
A study found that NOX4 facilitates certain beneficial adaptive responses to exercise mediated by ROS . Moreover, reductions in skeletal muscle NOX4 in aging and obesity was shown to contribute to the development of insulin resistance and may promote oxidative stress. [8]
NADPH oxidase is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space. It can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms. Human isoforms of the catalytic component of the complex include NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2.
NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), also known as cytochrome b(558) subunit beta or Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOX2 gene. The protein is a superoxide generating enzyme which forms reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. With the exception of nerve growth factor (NGF), all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. In their active form, the majority of TNF receptors form trimeric complexes in the plasma membrane. Accordingly, most TNF receptors contain transmembrane domains (TMDs), although some can be cleaved into soluble forms, and some lack a TMD entirely. In addition, most TNF receptors require specific adaptor protein such as TRADD, TRAF, RIP and FADD for downstream signalling. TNF receptors are primarily involved in apoptosis and inflammation, but they can also take part in other signal transduction pathways, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. TNF receptors are expressed in a wide variety of tissues in mammals, especially in leukocytes.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFPI2 gene.
NADPH oxidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX1 gene.
Cytochrome b-245 light chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYBA gene involved in superoxide production and phagocytosis.
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4), also known as coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the F2RL3 gene.
Neutrophil cytosol factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCF4 gene.
Dual oxidase 2, also known as DUOX2 or ThOX2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUOX2 gene. Dual oxidase is an enzyme that was first identified in the mammalian thyroid gland. In humans, two isoforms are found; hDUOX1 and hDUOX2. The protein location is not exclusive to thyroid tissue; hDUOX1 is prominent in airway epithelial cells and hDUOX2 in the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract.
Paraoxonase 3, also known as PON3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PON3 gene.
Dual oxidase 1, also known as DUOX1 or ThOX1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DUOX1 gene. DUOX1 was first identified in the mammalian thyroid gland. In humans, two isoforms are found; hDUOX1 and hDUOX2. Human DUOX protein localization is not exclusive to thyroid tissue; hDUOX1 is prominent in airway epithelial cells and hDUOX2 in the salivary glands and gastrointestinal tract.
NADPH oxidase, EF-hand calcium binding domain 5, also known as NOX5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NOX5 gene.
Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ICMT gene.
Myocardin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOCD gene.
NADPH oxidase organizer 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXO1 gene.
Early growth response protein 3 is a protein in humans, encoded by the EGR3 gene.
NADPH oxidase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOX3 gene.
NADPH oxidase activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOXA1 gene.
AMY-1-associating protein expressed in testis 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAATS1 gene.
Myosin-15 also known as myosin, heavy chain 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH15 gene.
 | This article on a gene on human chromosome 11 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |