Nairobi fly

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Nairobi fly
Paederus littoralis01.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
P. eximius
and P. sabaeus
Binomial name
Paederus eximius
Paederus sabaeus

Nairobi fly is the common name for two species of rove beetle in the genus Paederus, native to East Africa originating from Tanzania. [1] The beetles contain a corrosive substance known as pederin, which can cause chemical burns if it comes into contact with skin. [2] [3] Because of these burns, the Nairobi fly is sometimes referred to as a "dragon bug."

Contents

Description

Adult beetles are predominantly black and red in colour, and measure 6–10 mm in length and 0.5–1.0 mm in width. [4] Their head, lower abdomen, and elytra are black, with the thorax and upper abdomen red. [5]

Biology

The beetles live in moist habitats and are often beneficial to agriculture because they will eat crop pests. Adults are attracted to artificial light sources, and as a result, inadvertently come into contact with humans. [5]

Heavy rains, sometimes brought on by El Niño events, provide the conditions for the Nairobi fly to thrive. Outbreaks have occurred in 1998. [3]

Relationship to humans

Paederus dermatitis

The beetles neither sting nor bite; their haemolymph contains pederin, a potent toxin that causes blistering and Paederus dermatitis. The toxin is released when the beetle is crushed against the skin, often at night, when sleepers inadvertently brush the insect from their faces. People are advised to gently brush or blow the insect off their skin to prevent irritation. [3] [5] Research from a group at the University of Hyderabad in 2024 said that the use of LED lights at night may be a solution to prevent acid fly attacks. [6] The study said that there may be other unknown factors that may still attract the flies into living areas.

References

  1. Pokhrel, Amrit; Bastakoti, Sanjiv (2022-09-01). "Nairobi fly in South Asia: A catastrophic threat of the nature". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 81: 104358. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104358. ISSN   2049-0801. PMC   9486622 . PMID   36147184.
  2. Qadir, Syed Nurul Rasool; Raza, Naeem; Rahman, Simeen Ber (2006). "Paederus dermatitis In Sierra Leone" . Dermatology Online Journal. 12 (7): 9. doi:10.5070/D38b58k49j. PMID   17459295.
  3. 1 2 3 "'Nairobi fly' doesn't sting or bite, but it sure does hurt". CNN. January 26, 1998. Archived from the original on January 28, 2007.
  4. Stefano Veraldi & Luciano Süss (1994). "Dermatitis caused by Paederus fuscipes Curt". International Journal of Dermatology . 33 (4): 277–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01045.x. PMID   8021088. S2CID   28819765.
  5. 1 2 3 Mammino, Jere J. (November 2011). "Paederus Dermatitis". The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 4 (11): 44–46. ISSN   1941-2789. PMC   3225135 . PMID   22125660.
  6. Kannampuzha, Tejas; Shamanna, B R. "Exploring the use of white Light Emitting Diodes to prevent 'Acid Fly' attacks" . Indian Journal of Entomology. doi:10.55446/IJE.2024.2572.